1
|
Cao M, Bandyopadhyay S, Zhu H, You H, Hermonat PL. The HPV16 E1 Carboxyl Domain Provides a Helper Function for Adeno-Associated Virus Replication. Intervirology 2019; 61:185-192. [PMID: 30654371 DOI: 10.1159/000495137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is now in the clinic, yet production of rAAV remains problematic. We previously determined that human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E1 protein boosts rAAV yields and E1 enhances AAV Rep78's replication-related biochemistries. Here, we deletion-mapped the helper domain within E1 to help glean its mechanism of action. METHODS Rep78-E1 interaction was analyzed by Gal4-based yeast two-hybrid (Y2H)-cDNA assay. rAAV DNA replication was studied by AAV/helper plasmid transfection into HEK293 cells and Southern blot. Gene expression analysis was made of AAV and E1 plasmid transfection, cDNA generation, and then quantitative polymerase chain reaction. NCBI protein BLAST was used for the homology analysis. RESULTS Gal4-Y2H- cDNA assay found in vivo Rep78-E1-binding activity across E1, but the carboxyl-third (amino acids [aa] 421-649) of E1 contained the predominant DNA replication helper domain. The amino-half of E1 (aa 1-337) inhibited transcription of rep (p5 promoter) and cap (p40, trending lower) from non-replicating helper plasmid by quantitative (q)RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS The aa 421-649 helper domain of HPV16 E1 includes the ATP-binding/helicase region of E1 which boosts rAAV production and has homology with the analogous region of parvovirus NS-1/Rep78 by NCBI protein BLAST, suggesting these biochemistries are responsible for the mechanism of action in E1 helper function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Cao
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sarmistha Bandyopadhyay
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hongqing Zhu
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hong You
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Paul L Hermonat
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ni J, Li Y, Li W, Guo R. Salidroside protects against foam cell formation and apoptosis, possibly via the MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:198. [PMID: 29017559 PMCID: PMC5635575 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Foam cell formation and apoptosis are closely associated with atherosclerosis pathogenesis. We determined the effect of salidroside on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced foam cell formation and apoptosis in THP1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells and investigated the associated molecular mechanisms. Methods THP1-derived macrophages were incubated with salidroside for 5 h and then exposed to ox-LDL for 24 h to induce foam cell formation. Cytotoxicity, lipid deposition, apoptosis, and the expression of various proteins were tested using the CCK8 kit, Oil Red O staining, flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively. Results Ox-LDL treatment alone promoted macrophage-derived foam cell formation, while salidroside treatment alone inhibited it (p < 0.05). The number of early/late apoptotic cells decreased with salidroside treatment in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Salidroside dramatically upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, but had no effect on heme oxygenase-1 expression; moreover, it markedly downregulated ox-LDL receptor 1 and upregulated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Salidroside also obviously decreased the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK, p38 MAPK, and increased that of Akt. However, the total expression of these proteins was not affected. Conclusion Based on our findings, we speculate that salidroside can suppress ox-LDL-induced THP1-derived foam cell formation and apoptosis, partly by regulating the MAPK and Akt signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yuanmin Li
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Yan Chang Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chira S, Jackson CS, Oprea I, Ozturk F, Pepper MS, Diaconu I, Braicu C, Raduly LZ, Calin GA, Berindan-Neagoe I. Progresses towards safe and efficient gene therapy vectors. Oncotarget 2016; 6:30675-703. [PMID: 26362400 PMCID: PMC4741561 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of genetic engineering at the beginning of the 1970′s opened the era of biomedical technologies, which aims to improve human health using genetic manipulation techniques in a clinical context. Gene therapy represents an innovating and appealing strategy for treatment of human diseases, which utilizes vehicles or vectors for delivering therapeutic genes into the patients' body. However, a few past unsuccessful events that negatively marked the beginning of gene therapy resulted in the need for further studies regarding the design and biology of gene therapy vectors, so that this innovating treatment approach can successfully move from bench to bedside. In this paper, we review the major gene delivery vectors and recent improvements made in their design meant to overcome the issues that commonly arise with the use of gene therapy vectors. At the end of the manuscript, we summarized the main advantages and disadvantages of common gene therapy vectors and we discuss possible future directions for potential therapeutic vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiu Chira
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Carlo S Jackson
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Iulian Oprea
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferhat Ozturk
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canik Başari University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Michael S Pepper
- Department of Immunology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Lajos-Zsolt Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Haţieganu", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, Oncological Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă", Cluj Napoca, Romania.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cao M, Theus SA, Straub KD, Figueroa JA, Mirandola L, Chiriva-Internati M, Hermonat PL. AAV2/8-humanFOXP3 gene therapy shows robust anti-atherosclerosis efficacy in LDLR-KO mice on high cholesterol diet. J Transl Med 2015; 13:235. [PMID: 26187646 PMCID: PMC4506442 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key etiologic component in atherogenesis. Previously we demonstrated that adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/8 gene delivery of Netrin1 inhibited atherosclerosis in the low density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice on high-cholesterol diet (LDLR-KO/HCD). One important finding from this study was that FOXP3 was strongly up-regulated in these Netrin1-treated animals, as FOXP3 is an anti-inflammatory gene, being the master transcription factor of regulatory T cells. These results suggested that the FOXP3 gene might potentially be used, itself, as an agent to limit atherosclerosis. To test this hypothesis AAV2/8 (AAV)/hFOXP3 or AAV/Neo (control) gene therapy virus were tail vein injected into the LDLR-KO/HCD animal model. It was found that hFOXP3 gene delivery was associated with significantly lower HCD-induced atherogenesis, as measured by larger aortic lumen cross sectional area, thinner aortic wall thickness, and lower aortic systolic blood velocity compared with Neo gene-HCD-treated controls. Moreover these measurements taken from the hFOXP3/HCD-treated animals very closely matched those measurements taken from the normal diet (ND) control animals. These data strongly suggest that AAV/hFOXP3 delivery gave a robust anti-atherosclerosis therapeutic effect and further suggest that FOXP3 be examined more stringently as a therapeutic gene for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Cao
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 111J, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - S A Theus
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 111J, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | - K D Straub
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 111J, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| | | | - L Mirandola
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
| | - M Chiriva-Internati
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA.
- Kiromic LLC, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - P L Hermonat
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 111J, 4300 West 7th Street, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Figueroa JA, Reidy A, Mirandola L, Trotter K, Suvorava N, Figueroa A, Konala V, Aulakh A, Littlefield L, Grizzi F, Rahman RL, R. Jenkins M, Musgrove B, Radhi S, D'Cunha N, D'Cunha LN, Hermonat PL, Cobos E, Chiriva-Internati M. Chimeric Antigen Receptor Engineering: A Right Step in the Evolution of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy. Int Rev Immunol 2015; 34:154-87. [PMID: 25901860 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2015.1018419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
6
|
Zhu H, Cao M, Figueroa JA, Cobos E, Uretsky BF, Chiriva-Internati M, Hermonat PL. AAV2/8-hSMAD3 gene delivery attenuates aortic atherogenesis, enhances Th2 response without fibrosis, in LDLR-KO mice on high cholesterol diet. J Transl Med 2014; 12:252. [PMID: 25236373 PMCID: PMC4189750 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is a key etiologic component in atherogenesis and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is a well known anti-inflammatory cytokine which potentially might be used to limit it. Yet TGFβ1 is pleiomorphic, causing fibrosis, cell taxis, and under certain circumstances, can even worsen inflammation. SMAD3 is an important member of TGFβ1′s signal transduction pathway, but is a fully intracellular protein. Objectives With the hope of attenuating TGFβ1′s adverse systemic effects (eg. fibrosis) and accentuating its anti-inflammatory activity, we proposed the use of human (h)SMAD3 as an intracellular substitute for TGFβ1. Study design To test this hypothesis adeno-associated virus type 2/8 (AAV)/hSMAD3 or AAV/Neo (control) was tail vein injected into the low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR-KO) mice, then placed on a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). Results The hSMAD3 delivery was associated with significantly lower atherogenesis as measured by larger aortic cross sectional area, thinner aortic wall thickness, and lower aortic systolic blood velocity compared with Neo gene-treated controls. HSMAD3 delivery also resulted in fewer aortic macrophages by immunohistochemistry for CD68 and ITGAM, and quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of EMR and ITGAM. Overall, aortic cytokine expression showed an enhancement of Th2 response (higher IL-4 and IL-10); while Th1 response (IL-12) was lower with hSMAD3 delivery. While TGFβ1 is often associated with increased fibrosis, AAV/hSMAD3 delivery exhibited no increase of collagen 1A2 or significantly lower 2A1 expression in the aorta compared with Neo-delivery. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a mediator of TGFβ1/SMAD3-induced fibrosis, was unchanged in hSMAD3-delivered aortas. In the liver, all three of these genes were down-regulated by hSMAD3 gene delivery. Conclusion These data strongly suggest that AAV/hSMAD3 delivery gave anti-atherosclerosis therapeutic effect without the expected undesirable effect of TGFβ1-associated fibrosis.
Collapse
|