1
|
Demidoff FC, Costa PRR, Caleffi GS. Advances in the synthesis of rearranged homoisoflavonoids. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4839-4863. [PMID: 38819298 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Rearranged homoisoflavonoids constitute a unique group of natural products, renowned for their structural diversity and complexity. These compounds, derived from modifications in the 3-benzylchroman skeleton, are categorized into four subclasses: brazilin, caesalpin, protosappanin, and scillascillin homoisoflavonoids. This review examines the advancements in the total synthesis of these complex structures, aiming to highlight the challenges and opportunities encountered. A comparative analysis of the strategies employed thus far to synthesize these compounds provides a comprehensive understanding of the progress in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Demidoff
- Instituto Multidisciplinar de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 27930-560 Macaé, Brazil
| | - Paulo R R Costa
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme S Caleffi
- Laboratório de Química Bioorgânica, Instituto de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Walter Mors, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao LX, Wang JK, Wan YJ, Liu Y, Dong X, Tu PF, Zeng KW. Protosappanin A Maintains Neuronal Mitochondrial Homeostasis through Promoting Autophagic Degradation of Bax. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4223-4230. [PMID: 33225685 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is accompanied by mitochondrial integrity destruction. Thus, reversion of mitochondrial damage holds great potential for cerebral ischemia therapy. As a crucial Bcl-2 family member, pro-apoptotic Bax protein is a main effector of mitochondrial permeabilization and plays an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. However, there is still a lack of an effective cerebral protective strategy through selectively targeting Bax. In this study, we reported that natural small-molecule protosappanin A (PTA) showed a significant mitochondrial protective effect on oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced PC12 cells injury through increasing ATP production and maintaining mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content. The mechanism study revealed that PTA selectively induced pro-apoptotic protein Bax degradation, without affecting other Bcl-2 family members such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Bad, Puma, Bid, Bim, and Bik. In addition, we found that PTA promoted the association of autophagosomal marker LC3B to Bax for its degradation via an autophagy-dependent manner but not the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Collectively, our findings offered a new pharmacological strategy for maintaining mitochondrial function by inducing autophagic degradation of Bax and also provided a novel drug candidate against ischemic neuronal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xi Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Jun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Z, Chen J, Zhou S, Yang N, Duan S, Zhang Z, Su J, He J, Zhang Z, Lu X, Zhao Y. Mouse IP-10 Gene Delivered by Folate-modified Chitosan Nanoparticles and Dendritic/tumor Cells Fusion Vaccine Effectively Inhibit the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice. Am J Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28638480 PMCID: PMC5479281 DOI: 10.7150/thno.16236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) and tumor cell fusion vaccine (DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine) is considered an effective approach in cancer biotherapy. However, its therapeutic effects in early clinical trials have been suboptimal partially due to the immunosuppressive tumor environment. In this study, we used nanoparticles of folate (FA)-modified chitosan, a non-viral vector capable of targeting tumor cells with high expression of FA receptors. FA-chitosan nanoparticles were used as biological carriers for the expression plasmid of the mouse interferon-induced protein-10 (mIP-10) gene, a potent chemoattractant for cytotoxic T cells. The combination of FA-chitosan/mIP-10 and DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) effectively inhibited the growth of implanted HCC tumors and prolonged the survival of mice. The combination therapy significantly reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in mouse spleen, local tumor, and bone marrow while increasing tumor-specific IFN-γ responses. Furthermore, the combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation while promoting their apoptosis. Taken together, our data illustrate that the mIP-10 enhances the anti-tumor effect of DC/tumor cell fusion vaccine by alleviating the immunosuppressive tumor environment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhou X, Fu W, Jiang H, Wang C, Ju C, Chu W, Sun Z. Synthesis of 8-azaprotosappanin A derivatives via intramolecular palladium-catalyzed ortho C–H activation/C–C cyclization and their antibacterial activity. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1956-1960. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02707e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic protocol for the construction of eight-membered heterocycles by intramolecular palladium-catalyzed ortho C–H activation/C–C cyclization was proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- PR China
| | - Wanyong Fu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- PR China
| | - Hongshuo Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- PR China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- PR China
| | - Chao Ju
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- PR China
| | - Wenyi Chu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- PR China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Emerging importance of chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligands in cardiovascular diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:463-78. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20150666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The CXC chemokines, CXCL4, -9, -10, -11, CXCL4L1, and the CC chemokine CCL21, activate CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a cell-surface G protein-coupled receptor expressed mainly by Th1 cells, cytotoxic T (Tc) cells and NK cells that have a key role in immunity and inflammation. However, CXCR3 is also expressed by vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and appears to be important in controlling physiological vascular function. In the last decade, evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies has revealed the participation of CXCR3 and its ligands in multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) of different aetiologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, as well as in heart transplant rejection and transplant coronary artery disease (CAD). CXCR3 ligands have also proven to be valid biomarkers for the development of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, suggesting an underlining pathophysiological relation between levels of these chemokines and the development of adverse cardiac remodelling. The observation that several of the above-mentioned chemokines exert biological actions independent of CXCR3 provides both opportunities and challenges for developing effective drug strategies. In this review, we provide evidence to support our contention that CXCR3 and its ligands actively participate in the development and progression of CVDs, and may additionally have utility as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Zhou X, Wang C, Fu W, Chu W, Sun Z. Total synthesis of protosappanin A and its derivatives via palladium catalyzed ortho C–H activation/C–C cyclization under microwave irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5152-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01149g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protosappanin A, a complex natural product with high bioactivity, and 25 of its derivatives were synthesized through an intramolecular ortho C–H activation/C–C cyclization, ring-enlargement and deprotection reaction. C–H activation as the key step was investigated and optimized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Wanyong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Wenyi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| | - Zhizhong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Heilongjiang University
- Harbin
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zuo GY, Han ZQ, Han J, Hao XY, Tang HS, Wang GC. Antimicrobial activity and synergy of antibiotics with two biphenyl compounds, protosappanins A and B from Sappan Lignum against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 67:1439-47. [PMID: 25920539 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate antimicrobial ingredients from Sappan Lignum and to evaluate their synergy on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with antibiotics. METHODS Bioactivity-guided phytochemical procedures were used to screen the active compounds. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were assayed by broth microdilution. The synergy was evaluated through checkerboard microdilution and loss of viability assays. KEY FINDINGS Protosappanins A (PsA) and B (PsB) were identified from Sappan Lignum extracts. They showed active against both S. aureus and MRSA with MIC or MIC50 at 64 (PsA) and 128 (PsB) mg/L alone. When they were used in combination with antibiotics, they showed best synergy with amikacin and gentamicin with MIC50 (mg/L) of amikacin reduced more significantly from 32 to four (with PsA) and eight (with PsB), and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ranged between 0.078 and 0.500 (FICI50 = 0.375). Moreover, the resistance of MRSA towards amikacin and gentamicin could be reversed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. The combined bactericidal mode could as well be synergy. PsA and PsB showed very low cytotoxicity in comparison with their promising activity against MRSA. CONCLUSIONS Protosappanins A and B showed both alone activities and resistance reversal effects of amikacin and gentamicin against MRSA, which warrant further investigations for potential combinatory therapy of MRSA infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Ying Zuo
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, China
| | - Zong-Qi Han
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Department of Basic, Xingtai Medical College, Xingtai, China
| | - Jun Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hua-Shu Tang
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, China
| | - Gen-Chun Wang
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|