1
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Li L, Zhang N, Beati SAH, De Las Heras Chanes J, di Pietro F, Bellaiche Y, Müller HAJ, Großhans J. Kinesin-1 patterns Par-1 and Rho signaling at the cortex of syncytial embryos of Drosophila. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202206013. [PMID: 37955925 PMCID: PMC10641515 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202206013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cortex of syncytial Drosophila embryos is patterned into cap and intercap regions by centrosomes, specific sets of proteins that are restricted to their respective regions by unknown mechanisms. Here, we found that Kinesin-1 is required for the restriction of plus- and minus-ends of centrosomal and non-centrosomal microtubules to the cap region, marked by EB1 and Patronin/Shot, respectively. Kinesin-1 also directly or indirectly restricts proteins and Rho signaling to the intercap, including the RhoGEF Pebble, Dia, Myosin II, Capping protein-α, and the polarity protein Par-1. Furthermore, we found that Par-1 is required for cap restriction of Patronin/Shot, and vice versa Patronin, for Par-1 enrichment at the intercap. In summary, our data support a model that Kinesin-1 would mediate the restriction of centrosomal and non-centrosomal microtubules to a region close to the centrosomes and exclude Rho signaling and Par-1. In addition, mutual antagonistic interactions would refine and maintain the boundary between cap and intercap and thus generate a distinct cortical pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Seyed Amir Hamze Beati
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute for Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jose De Las Heras Chanes
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, Inserm U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology , Paris, France
| | - Florencia di Pietro
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, Inserm U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology , Paris, France
| | - Yohanns Bellaiche
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 3215, Inserm U934, Genetics and Developmental Biology , Paris, France
| | - Hans-Arno J Müller
- Division of Developmental Genetics, Institute for Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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2
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Structure and function of an atypical homodimeric actin capping protein from the malaria parasite. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:125. [PMID: 35132495 PMCID: PMC8821504 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Apicomplexan parasites, such as Plasmodium spp., rely on an unusual actomyosin motor, termed glideosome, for motility and host cell invasion. The actin filaments are maintained by a small set of essential regulators, which provide control over actin dynamics in the different stages of the parasite life cycle. Actin filament capping proteins (CPs) are indispensable heterodimeric regulators of actin dynamics. CPs have been extensively characterized in higher eukaryotes, but their role and functional mechanism in Apicomplexa remain enigmatic. Here, we present the first crystal structure of a homodimeric CP from the malaria parasite and compare the homo- and heterodimeric CP structures in detail. Despite retaining several characteristics of a canonical CP, the homodimeric Plasmodium berghei (Pb)CP exhibits crucial differences to the canonical heterodimers. Both homo- and heterodimeric PbCPs regulate actin dynamics in an atypical manner, facilitating rapid turnover of parasite actin, without affecting its critical concentration. Homo- and heterodimeric PbCPs show partially redundant activities, possibly to rescue actin filament capping in life cycle stages where the β-subunit is downregulated. Our data suggest that the homodimeric PbCP also influences actin kinetics by recruiting lateral actin dimers. This unusual function could arise from the absence of a β-subunit, as the asymmetric PbCP homodimer lacks structural elements essential for canonical barbed end interactions suggesting a novel CP binding mode. These findings will facilitate further studies aimed at elucidating the precise actin filament capping mechanism in Plasmodium.
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3
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Schmidt A, Li L, Lv Z, Yan S, Großhans J. Dia- and Rok-dependent enrichment of capping proteins in a cortical region. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272429. [PMID: 34633047 PMCID: PMC8627554 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho signaling with its major targets the formin Dia, Rho kinase (Rok) and non-muscle myosin II (MyoII, encoded by zip in flies) control turnover, amount and contractility of actomyosin. Much less investigated has been a potential function for the distribution of F-actin plus and minus ends. In syncytial Drosophila embryos, Rho1 signaling is high between actin caps, i.e. the cortical intercap region. Capping protein binds to free plus ends of F-actin to prevent elongation of the filament. Capping protein has served as a marker to visualize the distribution of F-actin plus ends in cells and in vitro. In the present study, we probed the distribution of plus ends with capping protein in syncytial Drosophila embryos. We found that capping proteins are specifically enriched in the intercap region similar to Dia and MyoII but distinct from overall F-actin. The intercap enrichment of Capping protein was impaired in dia mutants and embryos, in which Rok and MyoII activation was inhibited. Our observations reveal that Dia and Rok-MyoII control Capping protein enrichment and support a model that Dia and Rok-MyoII control the organization of cortical actin cytoskeleton downstream of Rho1 signaling. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper. Summary: Plus ends of actin filaments are enriched at cortical regions rich in Rho signaling in syncytial Drosophila embryos depending on the actin regulator Dia and Rho kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schmidt
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Long Li
- Department of Biology/FB17, Philipps University, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- Department of Biology/FB17, Philipps University, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Shuling Yan
- Department of Biology/FB17, Philipps University, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Großhans
- Department of Biology/FB17, Philipps University, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 8, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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4
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Szikora S, Gajdos T, Novák T, Farkas D, Földi I, Lenart P, Erdélyi M, Mihály J. Nanoscopy reveals the layered organization of the sarcomeric H-zone and I-band complexes. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:132617. [PMID: 31816054 PMCID: PMC7039190 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201907026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres are extremely highly ordered macromolecular assemblies where structural organization is intimately linked to their functionality as contractile units. Although the structural basis of actin and Myosin interaction is revealed at a quasiatomic resolution, much less is known about the molecular organization of the I-band and H-zone. We report the development of a powerful nanoscopic approach, combined with a structure-averaging algorithm, that allowed us to determine the position of 27 sarcomeric proteins in Drosophila melanogaster flight muscles with a quasimolecular, ∼5- to 10-nm localization precision. With this protein localization atlas and template-based protein structure modeling, we have assembled refined I-band and H-zone models with unparalleled scope and resolution. In addition, we found that actin regulatory proteins of the H-zone are organized into two distinct layers, suggesting that the major place of thin filament assembly is an M-line-centered narrow domain where short actin oligomers can form and subsequently anneal to the pointed end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Szikora
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Gajdos
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Novák
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Farkas
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Földi
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Lenart
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miklós Erdélyi
- Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Mihály
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Verboon JM, Nakamura M, Davidson KA, Decker JR, Nandakumar V, Parkhurst SM. Drosophila Wash and the Wash regulatory complex function in nuclear envelope budding. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243576. [PMID: 32503943 PMCID: PMC7358131 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear envelope (NE) budding is a recently described phenomenon wherein large macromolecular complexes are packaged inside the nucleus and extruded through the nuclear membranes. Although a general outline of the cellular events occurring during NE budding is now in place, little is yet known about the molecular machinery and mechanisms underlying the physical aspects of NE bud formation. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we identify Wash, its regulatory complex (SHRC), capping protein and Arp2/3 as new molecular components involved in the physical aspects of NE bud formation in a Drosophila model system. Interestingly, Wash affects NE budding in two ways: indirectly through general nuclear lamina disruption via an SHRC-independent interaction with Lamin B leading to inefficient NE bud formation, and directly by blocking NE bud formation along with its SHRC, capping protein and Arp2/3. In addition to NE budding emerging as an important cellular process, it shares many similarities with herpesvirus nuclear egress mechanisms, suggesting new avenues for exploration in both normal and disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Verboon
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakamura
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kerri A Davidson
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jacob R Decker
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Vivek Nandakumar
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Susan M Parkhurst
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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6
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Huang Y, Mao X, van Jaarsveld RH, Shu L, Terhal PA, Jia Z, Xi H, Peng Y, Yan H, Yuan S, Li Q, Wang H, Bellen HJ. Variants in CAPZA2, a member of an F-actin capping complex, cause intellectual disability and developmental delay. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:1537-1546. [PMID: 32338762 PMCID: PMC7268783 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is regulated by many proteins including capping proteins that stabilize actin filaments (F-actin) by inhibiting actin polymerization and depolymerization. Here, we report two pediatric probands who carry damaging heterozygous de novo mutations in CAPZA2 (HGNC: 1490) and exhibit neurological symptoms with shared phenotypes including global motor development delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia and a history of seizures. CAPZA2 encodes a subunit of an F-actin-capping protein complex (CapZ). CapZ is an obligate heterodimer consisting of α and β heterodimer conserved from yeast to human. Vertebrate genomes contain three α subunits encoded by three different genes and CAPZA2 encodes the α2 subunit. The single orthologue of CAPZA genes in Drosophila is cpa. Loss of cpa leads to lethality in early development and expression of the human reference; CAPZA2 rescues this lethality. However, the two CAPZA2 variants identified in the probands rescue this lethality at lower efficiency than the reference. Moreover, expression of the CAPZA2 variants affects bristle morphogenesis, a process that requires extensive actin polymerization and bundling during development. Taken together, our findings suggest that variants in CAPZA2 lead to a non-syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiao Mao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | | | - Li Shu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Paulien A Terhal
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht CX 3584, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengjun Jia
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xi
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ying Peng
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Huiming Yan
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shan Yuan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qibin Li
- Clabee Genomics, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
- Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hua Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
- Department of Medical Genetics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Forest E, Logeay R, Géminard C, Kantar D, Frayssinoux F, Heron-Milhavet L, Djiane A. The apical scaffold big bang binds to spectrins and regulates the growth of Drosophila melanogaster wing discs. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1047-1062. [PMID: 29326287 PMCID: PMC5839784 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
During development, cell proliferation is regulated, ensuring that tissues reach their correct size and shape. Forest et al. show that the Drosophila melanogaster scaffold protein big bang (Bbg) controls epithelial tissue growth without affecting epithelial polarity and architecture. Bbg interacts with spectrins at the apical cortex and promotes Yki signaling and actomyosin contractility. During development, cell numbers are tightly regulated, ensuring that tissues and organs reach their correct size and shape. Recent evidence has highlighted the intricate connections between the cytoskeleton and the regulation of the key growth control Hippo pathway. Looking for apical scaffolds regulating tissue growth, we describe that Drosophila melanogaster big bang (Bbg), a poorly characterized multi-PDZ scaffold, controls epithelial tissue growth without affecting epithelial polarity and architecture. bbg-mutant tissues are smaller, with fewer cells that are less apically constricted than normal. We show that Bbg binds to and colocalizes tightly with the β-heavy–Spectrin/Kst subunit at the apical cortex and promotes Yki activity, F-actin enrichment, and the phosphorylation of the myosin II regulatory light chain Spaghetti squash. We propose a model in which the spectrin cytoskeleton recruits Bbg to the cortex, where Bbg promotes actomyosin contractility to regulate epithelial tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Forest
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémi Logeay
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Géminard
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - Diala Kantar
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Alexandre Djiane
- IRCM, Inserm, University of Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
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8
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Tsoumpekos G, Nemetschke L, Knust E. Drosophila Big bang regulates the apical cytocortex and wing growth through junctional tension. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1033-1045. [PMID: 29326288 PMCID: PMC5839783 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201705104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth of epithelial tissues is regulated by a plethora of components, including signaling and scaffolding proteins, but also by junctional tension, mediated by the actomyosin cytoskeleton. However, how these players are spatially organized and functionally coordinated is not well understood. Here, we identify the Drosophila melanogaster scaffolding protein Big bang as a novel regulator of growth in epithelial cells of the wing disc by ensuring proper junctional tension. Loss of big bang results in the reduction of the regulatory light chain of nonmuscle myosin, Spaghetti squash. This is associated with an increased apical cell surface, decreased junctional tension, and smaller wings. Strikingly, these phenotypic traits of big bang mutant discs can be rescued by expressing constitutively active Spaghetti squash. Big bang colocalizes with Spaghetti squash in the apical cytocortex and is found in the same protein complex. These results suggest that in epithelial cells of developing wings, the scaffolding protein Big bang controls apical cytocortex organization, which is important for regulating cell shape and tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Tsoumpekos
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Nemetschke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Coravos JS, Martin AC. Apical Sarcomere-like Actomyosin Contracts Nonmuscle Drosophila Epithelial Cells. Dev Cell 2016; 39:346-358. [PMID: 27773487 PMCID: PMC5102765 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Actomyosin networks generate contractile force that changes cell and tissue shape. In muscle cells, actin filaments and myosin II appear in a polarized structure called a sarcomere, in which myosin II is localized in the center. Nonmuscle cortical actomyosin networks are thought to contract when nonmuscle myosin II (myosin) is activated throughout a mixed-polarity actin network. Here, we identified a mutant version of the myosin-activating kinase, ROCK, that localizes diffusely, rather than centrally, in epithelial cell apices. Surprisingly, this mutant inhibits constriction, suggesting that centrally localized apical ROCK/myosin activity promotes contraction. We determined actin cytoskeletal polarity by developing a barbed end incorporation assay for Drosophila embryos, which revealed barbed end enrichment at junctions. Our results demonstrate that epithelial cells contract with a spatially organized apical actomyosin cortex, involving a polarized actin cytoskeleton and centrally positioned myosin, with cell-scale order that resembles a muscle sarcomere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Coravos
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Adam C Martin
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 31 Ames Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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10
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Urdy S, Goudemand N, Pantalacci S. Looking Beyond the Genes: The Interplay Between Signaling Pathways and Mechanics in the Shaping and Diversification of Epithelial Tissues. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 119:227-90. [PMID: 27282028 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The core of Evo-Devo lies in the intuition that the way tissues grow during embryonic development, the way they sustain their structure and function throughout lifetime, and the way they evolve are closely linked. Epithelial tissues are ubiquitous in metazoans, covering the gut and internal branched organs, as well as the skin and its derivatives (ie, teeth). Here, we discuss in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies on epithelial tissues to illustrate the conserved, dynamical, and complex aspects of their development. We then explore the implications of the dynamical and nonlinear nature of development on the evolution of their size and shape at the phenotypic and genetic levels. In rare cases, when the interplay between signaling and mechanics is well understood at the cell level, it is becoming clear that the structure of development leads to covariation of characters, an integration which in turn provides some predictable structure to evolutionary changes. We suggest that such nonlinear systems are prone to genetic drift, cryptic genetic variation, and context-dependent mutational effects. We argue that experimental and theoretical studies at the cell level are critical to our understanding of the phenotypic and genetic evolution of epithelial tissues, including carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Urdy
- University of Zürich, Institute of Physics, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - N Goudemand
- Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242, Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - S Pantalacci
- Univ Lyon, ENS Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR 5239, INSERM U1210, Lyon Cedex 07, France
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11
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Kasap M, Yeğenağa I, Akpinar G, Tuncay M, Aksoy A, Karaoz E. Comparative Proteome Analysis of hAT-MSCs Isolated from Chronic Renal Failure Patients with Differences in Their Bone Turnover Status. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142934. [PMID: 26575497 PMCID: PMC4648497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the stem cells and the bone turnover in uremic bone disease due to chronic renal failure (CRF) is not described. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bone turnover status on stem cell properties. To search for the presence of such link and shed some light on stem-cell relevant mechanisms of bone turnover, we carried out a study with mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue biopsies were taken from the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of a CRF patient with secondary hyperparathyroidism with the high turnover bone disease. This patient underwent parathyroidectomy operation (PTX) and another sample was taken from this patient after PTX. A CRF patient with adynamic bone disease with low turnover and a healthy control were also included. Mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the subjects were analyzed using proteomic and molecular approaches. Except ALP activity, the bone turnover status did not affect common stem cell properties. However, detailed proteome analysis revealed the presence of regulated protein spots. A total of 32 protein spots were identified following 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF analyzes. The identified proteins were classified into seven distinct groups and their potential relationship to bone turnover were discussed. Distinct protein expression patterns emerged in relation to the bone turnover status indicate a possible link between the stem cells and bone turnover in uremic bone disease due to CRF.
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MESH Headings
- Adipose Tissue/cytology
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Bone Diseases/complications
- Bone Diseases/diagnosis
- Bone Remodeling
- Cell Differentiation
- Cells, Cultured
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Humans
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/complications
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/diagnosis
- Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary/surgery
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Parathyroidectomy
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteomics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Telomerase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasap
- Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Itır Yeğenağa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Gurler Akpinar
- Department of Medical Biology/DEKART Proteomics Laboratory, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuncay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Kocaeli University Medical School, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ayça Aksoy
- Department of Stem Cell, Center for Stem Cell and Gene Therapies Research and Practice, Institute of Health Sciences, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erdal Karaoz
- Liv Hospital Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research and Manufacturing, İstanbul, Turkey
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