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de Klerk DJ, de Keijzer MJ, Dias LM, Heemskerk J, de Haan LR, Kleijn TG, Franchi LP, Heger M. Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:405-480. [PMID: 35505025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally to noninvasive treatment modality that has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments. PDT induces hyperoxidative stress and disrupts cellular homeostasis in photosensitized cancer cells, resulting in cell death and ultimately removal of the tumor. However, various survival pathways can be activated in sublethally afflicted cancer cells following PDT. The acute stress response is one of the known survival pathways in PDT, which is activated by reactive oxygen species and signals via ASK-1 (directly) or via TNFR (indirectly). The acute stress response can activate various other survival pathways that may entail antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and proteotoxic stress responses that culminate in the cancer cell's ability to cope with redox stress and oxidative damage. This review provides an overview of the immediate early stress response in the context of PDT, mechanisms of activation by PDT, and molecular intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting survival signaling and improving PDT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jordi Heemskerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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The role of heat shock proteins in neoplastic processes and the research on their importance in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2021; 25:73-79. [PMID: 34667432 PMCID: PMC8506434 DOI: 10.5114/wo.2021.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are chaperones with highly conservative primary structure, necessary in the processes of protein folding to the most energetically advantageous conformation and maintaining their stability. HSPs perform a number of important functions in various cellular processes and are capable of modulating pathophysiological conditions at the cellular and systemic levels. An example is the high level of HSP expression in neoplastic tissues, which disrupts the apoptosis of transformed cells and promotes the processes of proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, an increasing amount of information is appearing about the participation of HSPs in the formation of multidrug resistance.This paper provides a review of the current state of research on the fundamental importance as well as the diagnostic and prognostic role of various classes of HSP in cancer treatment. It presents the prospects for using HSPs as biological markers of disease progression and targets in various cancer treatment strategies. However, the need for additional research is quite high. Only numerous joint efforts of research groups will allow the effective use of HSPs as a tool to combat cancer.
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Chen Z, Cao Y, Huang J, Tan Y, Wei J, Xiao J, Zou J, Feng H. NLK suppresses MAVS-mediated signaling in black carp antiviral innate immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104105. [PMID: 33872658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian Nemo-like kinase (NLK) plays important roles in multiple biological processes including immune response; however, the roles of teleost NLK remain largely unknown. In the present study, the NLK homolog (bcNLK) of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) has been cloned and characterized. The coding region of bcNLK consists of 1427 nucleotides and encodes 476 amino acid, including two low complexity region (LCR) domains at the N-terminus and a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic (S-TKc) domain in the middle region. The transcription of bcNLK are promoted after spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection and poly (I:C) stimulation in host cells, but not post LPS treatment. bcNLK exhibits weak impact on the transcription of interferon (IFN) promoter in the reporter assay, however, black carp MAVS (bcMAVS)-mediated IFN promoter transcription is remarkably dampened by bcNLK. The interaction between bcNLK and bcMAVS is detected through the co-immunoprecipitation assay. Accordingly, the plaque assay results show that bcMAVS-mediated antiviral ability is impaired by bcNLK. Moreover, knockdown of bcNLK in host cells leads to the enhanced antiviral ability against SVCV. All these data support the conclusion that black carp NLK associates with MAVS and inhibited MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yingyi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yaqi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Wang X, Veeraraghavan J, Liu CC, Cao X, Qin L, Kim JA, Tan Y, Loo SK, Hu Y, Lin L, Lee S, Shea MJ, Mitchell T, Li S, Ellis MJ, Hilsenbeck SG, Schiff R, Wang XS. Therapeutic Targeting of Nemo-like Kinase in Primary and Acquired Endocrine-resistant Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:2648-2662. [PMID: 33542078 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endocrine resistance remains a major clinical challenge in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Despite the encouraging results from clinical trials for the drugs targeting known survival signaling, relapse is still inevitable. There is an unmet need to discover new drug targets in the unknown escape pathways. Here, we report Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a new actionable kinase target that endows previously uncharacterized survival signaling in endocrine-resistant breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of NLK inhibition on the viability of endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines were examined by MTS assay. The effect of VX-702 on NLK activity was verified by kinase assay. The modulation of ER and its coactivator, SRC-3, by NLK was examined by immunoprecipitation, kinase assay, luciferase assay, and RNA sequencing. The therapeutic effects of VX-702 and everolimus were tested on cell line- and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models. RESULTS NLK overexpression endows reduced endocrine responsiveness and is associated with worse outcome of patients treated with tamoxifen. Mechanistically, NLK may function, at least in part, via enhancing the phosphorylation of ERα and its key coactivator, SRC-3, to modulate ERα transcriptional activity. Through interrogation of a kinase profiling database, we uncovered and verified a highly selective dual p38/NLK inhibitor, VX-702. Coadministration of VX-702 with the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect in cell line-derived xenograft and PDX tumor models of acquired or de novo endocrine resistance. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study reveals the potential of therapeutic modulation of NLK for the management of the endocrine-resistant breast cancers with active NLK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jamunarani Veeraraghavan
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Chia-Chia Liu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xixi Cao
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lanfang Qin
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jin-Ah Kim
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ying Tan
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Suet Kee Loo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yiheng Hu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ling Lin
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Martin J Shea
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tamika Mitchell
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at St Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew J Ellis
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan G Hilsenbeck
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Daams R, Massoumi R. Nemo-Like Kinase in Development and Diseases: Insights from Mouse Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239203. [PMID: 33276680 PMCID: PMC7731171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathway is a central communication cascade between cells to orchestrate polarity and fate during development and adult tissue homeostasis in various organisms. This pathway can be regulated by different signalling molecules in several steps. One of the coordinators in this pathway is Nemo-like kinase (NLK), which is an atypical proline-directed serine/threonine mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Very recently, NLK was established as an essential regulator in different cellular processes and abnormal NLK expression was highlighted to affect the development and progression of various diseases. In this review, we focused on the recent discoveries by using NLK-deficient mice, which show a phenotype in the development and function of organs such as the lung, heart and skeleton. Furthermore, NLK could conduct the function and differentiation of cells from the immune system, in addition to regulating neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease and spinocerebellar ataxias. Overall, generations of NLK-deficient mice have taught us valuable lessons about the role of this kinase in certain diseases and development.
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Decreased expression of nemo-like kinase in melanoma is correlated with increased vascularity and metastasis. Melanoma Res 2019; 29:376-381. [DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shi C, Xu L, Tang Z, Zhang W, Wei Y, Ni J, Zhang S, Feng J. Knockdown of Nemo‑like kinase promotes metastasis in non‑small‑cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2019; 42:1090-1100. [PMID: 31322229 PMCID: PMC6667924 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase Nemo-like kinase (NLK) serves an important role in cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis by regulating transcription factors among various cancers. In the present study, the function of NLK in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was investigated. Immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting demonstrated that NLK expression was significantly reduced in NSCLC tissues compared with corresponding peritumoral tissues. Statistical analysis revealed that decreased NLK expression was associated with the presence of primary tumors, tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Univariate analysis indicated that NLK expression, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, and E-cadherin and vimentin expression affected the prognosis of NSCLC. Cox regression analyses revealed NLK expression and TNM as independent factors that affected prognosis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients with NSCLC and low NLK expression had relatively shorter durations of overall survival. In vitro, NLK overexpression inhibited A549 ncell migration and invasion as determined by wound healing and Transwell migration assays, respectively. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining indicated that downregulation of NLK expression could induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NSCLC. NLK knockdown significantly decreased the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and markedly increased that of β-catenin and the mesenchymal marker vimentin. Furthermore, NLK was reported to directly interact with β-catenin as determined by a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that decreased NLK expression could promote tumor metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Shi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Weishuai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Yulin Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Narayanankutty V, Narayanankutty A, Nair A. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs): A Novel Target for Cancer Metastasis Prevention. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 20:727-737. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181211111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are predominant molecular chaperones which are
actively involved in the protein folding; which is essential in protecting the structure and functioning
of proteins during various stress conditions. Though HSPs have important physiological roles, they
have been well known for their roles in various pathogenic conditions such as carcinogenesis; however,
limited literature has consolidated its potential as an anti-metastatic drug target.
Objectives:
The present review outlines the role of different HSPs on cancer progression and metastasis;
possible role of HSP inhibitors as anti-neoplastic agents is also discussed.
Methods:
The data were collected from PubMed/Medline and other reputed journal databases. The literature
that was too old and had no significant role to the review was then omitted.
Results:
Despite their strong physiological functions, HSPs are considered as good markers for cancer
prognosis and diagnosis. They have control over survival, proliferation and progression events of cancer
including drug resistance, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Since, neoplastic cells are more dependent
on HSPs for survival and proliferation, the selectivity and specificity of HSP-targeted cancer drugs
remain high. This has made various HSPs potential clinical and experimental targets for cancer prevention.
An array of HSP inhibitors has been in trials and many others are in experimental conditions
as anticancer and anti-metastatic agents. Several natural products are also being investigated for their
efficacy for anticancer and anti-metastatic agents by modulating HSPs.
Conclusion:
Apart from their role as an anticancer drug target, HSPs have shown to be promising targets
for the prevention of cancer progression. Extensive studies are required for the use of these molecules
as anti-metastatic agents. Further studies in this line may yield specific and effective antimetastatic
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Postgraduate & Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College, Devagiri (Autonomous), Calicut, Kerala- 673 008, India
| | - Anusree Nair
- Cell and Tissue Culture Department, Micro labs, Bangalore, India
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Liu X, Feng C, Liu J, Cao L, Xiang G, Liu F, Wang S, Jiao J, Niu Y. Androgen receptor and heat shock protein 27 co-regulate the malignant potential of molecular apocrine breast cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:90. [PMID: 29699584 PMCID: PMC5921986 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The most striking feature of molecular apocrine breast cancer (MABC) is the expression of androgen receptor (AR). We report here the mechanism of the AR in regulating the behavior of MABC. Methods The MABC cell line, MDA-MB-453, and the nonMABC cell line, MCF7, were used in this study. The effect of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) on cell proliferation was quantified using the cell counter kit-8 (CCK8) and clonogenic assays in vitro and by a xenograft tumor model in vivo. The expression of the AR and HSP27 was analyzed using western blot, qPCR, and immunofluorescence assays. Complexes of the AR and HSP27 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Results In MDA-MB-453 cells, DHT promoted cell proliferation and stimulated AR and HSP27 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, whereas, it inhibited MCF7 cell growth, and only the AR translocated into the nucleus. HSP27 knock-down decreased the proliferative ability of MDA-MB-453 cells, which could be rescued by DHT, while HSP27 and DHT had synergistic effects on MCF7 cells. HSP27 phosphorylation was a prerequisite for AR translocation into the nucleus, especially phosphorylation on serine 82. In addition, DHT stimulated the tumorigenic and metastatic capacities of MDA-MB-453 cells, while HSP27 knock-down decreased the rate of tumor formation and induced apoptosis in cells. Conclusions The results suggest that HSP27 assists the AR in regulating the malignant behavior of MABC, and these findings might be helpful in the treatment of MABC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0762-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Changyun Feng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Linyi, Qinghe-South Road, Luozhuang District, Linyi, 276016, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Guomin Xiang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China.,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China
| | - Yun Niu
- Department of Breast Cancer Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, 300060, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, West Huanhu Road, Ti Yuan Bei, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300060, China.
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Andersen H, Parhamifar L, Hunter AC, Shahin V, Moghimi SM. AFM visualization of sub-50 nm polyplex disposition to the nuclear pore complex without compromising the integrity of the nuclear envelope. J Control Release 2016; 244:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Masoumi KC, Daams R, Sime W, Siino V, Ke H, Levander F, Massoumi R. NLK-mediated phosphorylation of HDAC1 negatively regulates Wnt signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 28:346-355. [PMID: 27903773 PMCID: PMC5231902 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary embryonic fibroblast cells isolated from NLK-deficient mice proliferate faster and have a shorter cell cycle than wild-type cells. Nemo-like kinase and HDAC1 together negatively regulate Wnt signaling via Tcf/Lef transcription repression and prevent aberrant proliferation of fibroblast cells. The Wnt signaling pathway is essential in regulating various cellular processes. Different mechanisms of inhibition for Wnt signaling have been proposed. Besides β-catenin degradation through the proteasome, nemo-like kinase (NLK) is another molecule that is known to negatively regulate Wnt signaling. However, the mechanism by which NLK mediates the inhibition of Wnt signaling was not known. In the present study, we used primary embryonic fibroblast cells isolated from NLK-deficient mice and showed that these cells proliferate faster and have a shorter cell cycle than wild-type cells. In NLK-knockout cells, we observed sustained interaction between Lef1 and β-catenin, leading to elevated luciferase reporter of β-catenin/Lef1–mediated transcriptional activation. The mechanism for the reduced β-catenin/Lef1 promoter activation was explained by phosphorylation of HDAC1 at serine 421 via NLK. The phosphorylation of HDAC1 was achieved only in the presence of wild-type NLK because a catalytically inactive mutant of NLK was unable to phosphorylate HDAC1 and reduced the luciferase reporter of β-catenin/Lef1–mediated transcriptional activation. This result suggests that NLK and HDAC1 together negatively regulate Wnt signaling, which is vital in preventing aberrant proliferation of nontransformed primary fibroblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renée Daams
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Wondossen Sime
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Valentina Siino
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Hengning Ke
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden.,Cancer Research Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Fredrik Levander
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden.,National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
| | - Ramin Massoumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund 22381, Sweden
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12
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Kumar R, Ciprianidis A, Theiß S, Steinbeißer H, Kaufmann LT. Nemo-like kinase 1 (Nlk1) and paraxial protocadherin (PAPC) cooperatively control Xenopus gastrulation through regulation of Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling. Differentiation 2016; 93:27-38. [PMID: 27875771 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway directs cell migration during vertebrate gastrulation and is essential for proper embryonic development. Paraxial protocadherin (PAPC, Gene Symbol pcdh8.2) is an important activator of Wnt/PCP signaling during Xenopus gastrulation, but how PAPC activity is controlled is incompletely understood. Here we show that Nemo-like kinase 1 (Nlk1), an atypical mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, physically associates with the C-terminus of PAPC. This interaction mutually stabilizes both proteins by inhibiting polyubiquitination. The Nlk1 mediated stabilization of PAPC is essential for Wnt/PCP signaling, tissue separation and gastrulation movements. We identified two conserved putative phosphorylation sites in the PAPC C-terminus that are critical for Nlk1 mediated PAPC stabilization and Wnt/PCP regulation. Intriguingly, the kinase activity of Nlk1 itself was not essential for its cooperation with PAPC, suggesting an indirect regulation for example by impeding a different kinase that promotes protein degradation. Overall these results outline a novel, kinase independent role of Nlk1, wherein Nlk1 regulates PAPC stabilization and thereby controls gastrulation movements and Wnt/PCP signaling during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Ciprianidis
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Theiß
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Steinbeißer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lilian T Kaufmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Nemo-Like Kinase (NLK) Is a Pathological Signaling Effector in the Mouse Heart. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164897. [PMID: 27764156 PMCID: PMC5072578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in development, proliferation and apoptosis regulation. Here we identified NLK as a gene product induced in the hearts of mice subjected to pressure overload or myocardial infarction injury, suggesting a potential regulatory role with pathological stimulation to this organ. To examine the potential functional consequences of increased NLK levels, cardiac-specific transgenic mice with inducible expression of this gene product were generated, as well as cardiac-specific Nlk gene-deleted mice. NLK transgenic mice demonstrated baseline cardiac hypertrophy, dilation, interstitial fibrosis, apoptosis and progression towards heart failure in response to two surgery-induced cardiac disease models. In contrast, cardiac-specific deletion of Nlk from the heart, achieved by crossing a Nlk-loxP allele containing mouse with either a mouse containing a β-myosin heavy chain promoter driven Cre transgene or a tamoxifen inducible α-myosin heavy chain promoter containing transgene driving a MerCreMer cDNA, protected the mice from cardiac dysfunction following pathological stimuli. Mechanistically, NLK interacted with multiple proteins including the transcription factor Stat1, which was significantly increased in the hearts of NLK transgenic mice. These results indicate that NLK is a pathological effector in the heart.
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14
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Ke H, Masoumi KC, Ahlqvist K, Seckl MJ, Rydell-Törmänen K, Massoumi R. Nemo-like kinase regulates the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in alveolar epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23987. [PMID: 27035511 PMCID: PMC4817507 DOI: 10.1038/srep23987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical Wnt signaling can be silenced either through β-catenin-mediated ubiquitination and degradation or through phosphorylation of Tcf and Lef by nemo-like kinase (NLK). In the present study, we generated NLK deficient animals and found that these mice become cyanotic shortly before death because of lung maturation defects. NLK-/- lungs exhibited smaller and compressed alveoli and the mesenchyme remained thick and hyperplastic. This phenotype was caused by epithelial activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via recruitment of Lef1 to the promoter of VEGF. Elevated expression of VEGF and activation of the VEGF receptor through phosphorylation promoted an increase in the proliferation rate of epithelial and endothelial cells. In summary, our study identifies NLK as a novel signaling molecule for proper lung development through the interconnection between epithelial and endothelial cells during lung morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengning Ke
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Kristofer Ahlqvist
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Michael J Seckl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ramin Massoumi
- Molecular Tumor Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
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15
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Zhang XW, Chen SY, Xue DW, Xu HH, Yang LH, Xu HT, Wang EH. Expression of Nemo-like kinase was increased and negatively correlated with the expression of TCF4 in lung cancers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15086-15092. [PMID: 26823848 PMCID: PMC4713634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nemo-like kinase (NLK), as a mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)-like kinase, is involved in the development of several human cancers. In this study, we explored the expression of NLK in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma tissues, and investigated the associations among NLK, β-catenin, T-cell factor 4 (TCF4), and the clinicopathological factors of lung cancers. The expressions of NLK, β-catenin, TCF4 were examined in 109 cases of lung cancers using immunohistochemistry method. The expression of NLK was observed in the nuclei of lung cancer tissues, and was significantly higher in lung cancer tissues than that in corresponding normal lung tissues (t = 21.636, n = 109, P < 0.001). The high expression of NLK was found in 45 cases of lung SCCs (45/49, 91.84%), which was much more than that in adenocarcinomas (38/60, 63.33%) (P = 0.001). Furthermore, the high expression of NLK was negatively correlated with TCF4 expression and positively correlated with the membranous expression of β-catenin. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the expression of NLK was localized in nucleus and significantly increased in lung cancers. The expression of NLK was negatively correlated with TCF4 expression and positively correlated with β-catenin membranous expression in lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Song-Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, China
| | - Dong-Wei Xue
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Hui-Hui Xu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang, China
| | - Lian-He Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, China
| | - Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, China
| | - En-Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110001, China
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16
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Huang Y, Yang Y, He Y, Li J. The emerging role of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) in the regulation of cancers. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9147-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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17
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Ba HV, Reddy BV, Hwang I. Role of calpastatin in the regulation of mRNA expression of calpain, caspase, and heat shock protein systems in bovine muscle satellite cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2014; 51:447-54. [PMID: 25487673 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-014-9849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Calpastatin participates in apoptotic cell death and cell signaling, but its role in skeletal myoblast development and molecular involvements in cell growth still remains unknown. The current study aimed to investigate the role of calpastatin on the expression patterns of calpains, caspases, and heat shock proteins (HSPs). In addition, the cell viability during myoblast growth under calpastatin silence condition was also investigated. Three small interference RNA sequences (siRNAs) were used to silence calpastatin gene and ligated into pSilencer plasmid vector to construct short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression. The all three siRNAs significantly silence the calpastatin gene. Moreover, suppression of calpastatin significantly reduced the viability of myoblasts during growth phase when compared to control cells. Additionally, knockdown of calpastatin significantly increased the mRNA expression of μ-calpain, caspase-3, caspase-7, and caspase-9, as well as HSP-27, -70, and -90. The present study results suggested that the suppression of calpastatin resulted in the increased expression of μ-calpain, caspases, and HSPs which in turn regulate the apoptotic cell death. The present study throws light on the central role of calpastatin in the control of calpain activity, cell proliferation, cell survival, and apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoa Van Ba
- Department of Animal Science and BK21 PLUS program, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, South Korea
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