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Zhang X, Li P, Gan Y, Xiang S, Gu L, Zhou J, Zhou X, Wu P, Zhang B, Deng D. Driving effect of P16 methylation on telomerase reverse transcriptase-mediated immortalization and transformation of normal human fibroblasts. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-00975. [PMID: 38420748 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P16 inactivation is frequently accompanied by telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) amplification in human cancer genomes. P16 inactivation by DNA methylation often occurs automatically during immortalization of normal cells by TERT. However, direct evidence remains to be obtained to support the causal effect of epigenetic changes, such as P16 methylation, on cancer development. This study aimed to provide experimental evidence that P16 methylation directly drives cancer development. METHODS A zinc finger protein-based P16-specific DNA methyltransferase (P16-Dnmt) vector containing a "Tet-On" switch was used to induce extensive methylation of P16 CpG islands in normal human fibroblast CCD-18Co cells. Battery assays were used to evaluate cell immortalization and transformation throughout their lifespan. Cell subcloning and DNA barcoding were used to track the diversity of cell evolution. RESULTS Leaking P16-Dnmt expression (without doxycycline-induction) could specifically inactivate P16 expression by DNA methylation. P16 methylation only promoted proliferation and prolonged lifespan but did not induce immortalization of CCD-18Co cells. Notably, cell immortalization, loss of contact inhibition, and anchorage-independent growth were always prevalent in P16-Dnmt&TERT cells, indicating cell transformation. In contrast, almost all TERT cells died in the replicative crisis. Only a few TERT cells recovered from the crisis, in which spontaneous P16 inactivation by DNA methylation occurred. Furthermore, the subclone formation capacity of P16-Dnmt&TERT cells was two-fold that of TERT cells. DNA barcoding analysis showed that the diversity of the P16-Dnmt&TERT cell population was much greater than that of the TERT cell population. CONCLUSION P16 methylation drives TERT-mediated immortalization and transformation of normal human cells that may contribute to cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Paiyun Li
- Division of Etiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
- Radiation Oncology Department, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ying Gan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Shengyan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Xiaorui Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Peihuang Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
- Division of Etiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Fan Z, Qin Y, Zhou J, Chen R, Gu J, Li M, Zhou J, Li X, Lin D, Wang J, Deng D, Wei W. Feasibility of using P16 methylation as a cytologic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma screening: A pilot study. Cancer Med 2022; 11:4033-4042. [PMID: 35352503 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous cell dysplasia (ESCdys) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) could significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of ESCC. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether P16/CDKN2A methylation could serve as a cytologic biomarker for early detection of ESCdys and ESCC. METHODS Paired esophageal biopsy and cytology specimens (exfoliated cells) were obtained from subjects at different stages of ESCC development. The methylation status of P16 gene in these two specimen types was determined using a 115-bp MethyLight assay. Categorical data were compared by the Chi-square test. Logistic regression was performed to assess adjusted odds ratios of P16 methylation associated with ESCC and ESCdys. Prediction models for identifying individuals at risk of ESCC and high-grade ESCdys (high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, HGIN) were developed by multivariable logistic regression. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Internal validation of the prediction models was performed using the 1000-bootstrap resample. RESULTS A total of 105 subjects with diagnoses ranging from normal mucosa through ESCC were included in this study. An increase in P16 methylation frequency was observed with increasing severity of esophageal lesions (p for trend <0.001). In the adjusted logistic regression models, P16 methylation in cytology specimens was positively associated with ESCC and ESCdys risk, whereas P16 methylation in biopsy specimens was only associated with a higher risk of developing ESCC. The predictive capacity of base model I (AUC, 0.816) for ESCC and HGIN was significantly increased by adding P16 methylation in cytology specimens (model III; AUC, 0.882; p = 0.043), but not P16 methylation in biopsy specimens (model II; AUC, 0.850; p = 0.225). Bootstrap validation showed optimism-corrected AUC of 0.789 for model I, 0.822 for model II, and 0.854 for model III. CONCLUSION P16 methylation as a cytologic marker was associated with the ESCC development and has the potential for application in minimally invasive ESCC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Chen
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minjuan Li
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinqing Li
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Linzhou Cancer Hospital, Linzhou, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- Office of National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Li P, Gan Y, Qin S, Han X, Cui C, Liu Z, Zhou J, Gu L, Lu ZM, Zhang B, Deng D. DNA hydroxymethylation increases the susceptibility of reactivation of methylated P16 alleles in cancer cells. Epigenetics 2019; 15:618-631. [PMID: 31790633 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in genomic DNA of mammalian cells can be oxidized into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and other derivates by DNA dioxygenase TETs. While conversion of 5mC to 5hmC plays an important role in active DNA demethylation through further oxidation steps, a certain proportion of 5hmCs remain in the genome. Although 5hmCs contribute to the flexibility of chromatin and protect bivalent promoters from hypermethylation, the direct effect of 5hmCs on gene transcription is unknown. In this present study, we have engineered a zinc-finger protein-based P16-specific DNA dioxygenase (P16-TET) to induce P16 hydroxymethylation and demethylation in cancer cells. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that although the hydroxymethylated P16 alleles retain transcriptionally inactive, hydroxymethylation could increase the susceptibility of reactivation of methylated P16 alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Sisi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Chenghua Cui
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Zhe-Ming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Division of Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute , Beijing, China
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Liu H, Liu Z, Liu XW, Xu S, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhou J, Gu L, Gao Y, Liu XY, Shi H, Sun Z, Deng D. A similar effect of P16 hydroxymethylation and true-methylation on the prediction of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia: observation from a prospective study. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:918. [PMID: 30249192 PMCID: PMC6154879 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Total P16 methylation (P16M), including P16 hydroxymethylation (P16H) and true-P16M, correlates with malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). Both true-P16M and P16H are early events in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to prospectively determine if discrimination of true-P16M from P16H is necessary for prediction of cancer development from OEDs. Methods Patients (n = 265) with mild or moderate OED were recruited into the double blind two-center cohort. Total-P16M and P16H were analyzed using the 115-bp MethyLight, TET-assisted bisulfite (TAB) methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and TAB-sequencing. Total-P16M-positive and P16H-negative samples were defined as true-P16M-positive. Progression of OEDs was monitored for a minimum 24 months follow-up period. Results P16H was detected in 23 of 73 (31.5%) total-P16M-positive OEDs. Follow-up information was obtained from 247 patients with an ultimate compliance rate of 93.2%. OED-derived squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 13.0% (32/247) patients during follow-up (median, 41.0 months). The cancer progression rate for total-P16M-positive patients was significantly increased when compared to total-P16M-negative patients [23.3% vs 8.6%; adjusted odds ratio = 2.67 (95% CI: 1.19–5.99)]. However, the cancer progression rates were similar between P16H- and true-P16M-positive OEDs [26.1% (6/23) vs 22.0% (11/50); odds ratio = 0.80 (95% CI: 0.22–2.92)]. The cancer-free survival was also similar for these patients. Conclusion P16H and true-P16M are similar biomarkers for determining malignant potential of OEDs. Discrimination of P16H from true-P16M, at least in OED, may be not necessary in clinical applications. Trial registration This study is registered prospectively in the U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Protocol Registration System (trial number NCT02967120, available at https://ClinicalTrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02967120). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4787-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Aetiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Si Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Aetiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Aetiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Dajun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (MOE/Beijing), Division of Aetiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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The Impact of p53 Dysfunction in ATR Inhibitor Cytotoxicity and Chemo- and Radiosensitisation. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080275. [PMID: 30127241 PMCID: PMC6116113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related kinase (ATR) signals replication stress and DNA damage to S and G2 arrest and promotes DNA repair. Mutations in p53, critical for G1 checkpoint control, are common in cancer and predicted to confer vulnerability to ATR inhibitors. Reported data on the impact of p53 status are variable possibly because of the use of unmatched cells and surrogate endpoints of survival. The cytotoxicity of VE-821 alone and its ability to potentiate radiation and gemcitabine cytotoxicity was determined in isogenic and unmatched p53 wild-type (wt) and null/mutant cells, as well as immortalised nonmalignant MCF10 (immortalised non-neoplastic) cells, by colony-forming assay. The effect on cell cycle checkpoints was determined by flow cytometry. The isogenic p53 defective cells were not more sensitive to VE-821 alone. Defective p53 consistently conferred greater chemo- and radiosensitisation, particularly at high dose levels in isogenic cells but not unmatched cells. VE-821 did not sensitise MCF10 cells. We conclude that p53 status is just one factor contributing to chemo- and radiosensitisation by ATR inhibition, the lack of chemo- or radiosensitisation in the noncancerous cells suggests an element of tumour-specificity that warrants further investigation. The greater sensitisation at high-dose irradiation suggests that ATR inhibitors may be most effective with hypofractionated radiotherapy.
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Abstract
DNA methylation is a dynamic epigenetic mark that characterizes different cellular developmental stages, including tissue-specific profiles. This CpG dinucleotide modification cooperates in the regulation of the output of the cellular genetic content, in both healthy and pathological conditions. According to endogenous and exogenous stimuli, DNA methylation is involved in gene transcription, alternative splicing, imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation, and control of transposable elements. When these dinucleotides are organized in dense regions are called CpG islands (CGIs), being commonly known as transcriptional regulatory regions frequently associated with the promoter region of several genes. In cancer, promoter DNA hypermethylation events sustained the mechanistic hypothesis of epigenetic transcriptional silencing of an increasing number of tumor suppressor genes. CGI hypomethylation-mediated reactivation of oncogenes was also documented in several cancer types. In this chapter, we aim to summarize the functional consequences of the differential DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides in cancer, focused in CGIs. Interestingly, cancer methylome is being recently explored, looking for biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and predictors of drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto J Ferreira
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Cancer Epigenetics and Biology Program (PEBC), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Physiological Sciences II, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Fujita T, Yuno M, Fujii H. Allele-specific locus binding and genome editing by CRISPR at the p16INK4a locus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30485. [PMID: 27465215 PMCID: PMC4964623 DOI: 10.1038/srep30485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system has been adopted for a wide range of biological applications including genome editing. In some cases, dissection of genome functions requires allele-specific genome editing, but the use of CRISPR for this purpose has not been studied in detail. In this study, using the p16INK4a gene in HCT116 as a model locus, we investigated whether chromatin states, such as CpG methylation, or a single-nucleotide gap form in a target site can be exploited for allele-specific locus binding and genome editing by CRISPR in vivo. First, we showed that allele-specific locus binding and genome editing could be achieved by targeting allele-specific CpG-methylated regions, which was successful for one, but not all guide RNAs. In this regard, molecular basis underlying the success remains elusive at this stage. Next, we demonstrated that an allele-specific single-nucleotide gap form could be employed for allele-specific locus binding and genome editing by CRISPR, although it was important to avoid CRISPR tolerance of a single nucleotide mismatch brought about by mismatched base skipping. Our results provide information that might be useful for applications of CRISPR in studies of allele-specific functions in the genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshitsugu Fujita
- Chromatin Biochemistry Research Group, Combined Program on Microbiology and Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yuno
- Chromatin Biochemistry Research Group, Combined Program on Microbiology and Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
| | - Hodaka Fujii
- Chromatin Biochemistry Research Group, Combined Program on Microbiology and Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka, Japan
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Chunharojrith P, Nakayama Y, Jiang X, Kery RE, Ma J, De La Hoz Ulloa CS, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Klibanski A. Tumor suppression by MEG3 lncRNA in a human pituitary tumor derived cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2015; 416:27-35. [PMID: 26284494 PMCID: PMC4605874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human clinically non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFAs) account for approximately 40% of diagnosed pituitary tumors. Epigenetic mutations in tumor suppressive genes play an important role in NFA development. Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and we hypothesized that it is a candidate tumor suppressor whose epigenetic silencing is specifically linked to NFA development. In this study, we introduced MEG3 expression into PDFS cells, derived from a human NFA, using both inducible and constitutively active expression systems. MEG3 expression significantly suppressed xenograft tumor growth in vivo in nude mice. When induced in culture, MEG3 caused cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. In addition, inactivation of p53 completely abolished tumor suppression by MEG3, indicating that MEG3 tumor suppression is mediated by p53. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that MEG3 is a lncRNA tumor suppressor in the pituitary and its inactivation contributes to NFA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweena Chunharojrith
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yuki Nakayama
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rachel E Kery
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jun Ma
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Xun Zhang
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yunli Zhou
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Anne Klibanski
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Qin S, Zhang B, Tian W, Gu L, Lu Z, Deng D. Kaiso mainly locates in the nucleus in vivo and binds to methylated, but not hydroxymethylated DNA. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:148-55. [PMID: 25937776 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kaiso is upregulated in many cancers and proposed to bind with both methylated- and unmethylated-DNA in the nucleus as a transcriptional repressor. The objective is to define its subcellular localization in vivo and exact binding DNA sequences in cells. METHODS Compartmentalization of exogenous Kaiso in cells was tracked with enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) tag. The endogenous Kaiso expression in gastric carcinoma tissue was examined with immunohistochemical staining. Kaiso-DNA binding was tested using electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP). RESULTS Kaiso mainly localized in the nucleus of cancer and stromal cells in vivo, but remained in the cytoplasm of cultured cells. Most importantly, nuclear Kaiso can bind with the methylated-CGCG-containing sequence in the CDKN2A promoter, but not with the hydroxymethylated-CGCG sequence in HCT116 cells. CONCLUSIONS Kaiso locates mainly in the nucleus in vivo where it binds with the methylated-CGCG sequences, but does not bind with the hydroxymethylated-CGCG sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Zheming Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Division of Cancer Etiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
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Liu H, Liu XW, Dong G, Zhou J, Liu Y, Gao Y, Liu XY, Gu L, Sun Z, Deng D. P16 Methylation as an Early Predictor for Cancer Development From Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Double-blind Multicentre Prospective Study. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:432-7. [PMID: 26137587 PMCID: PMC4485905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Silencing of P16 through methylation and locus deletion is the most frequent early events in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to prospectively determine if early P16 methylation is a predictor for oral cancer development. Methods Patients (n = 181) with mild or moderate oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) were recruited into the double blind multicentre cohort. P16 methylation was analyzed using the MethyLight assay. Progression of OEDs was monitored for a minimum 3 year follow-up period. Findings P16 methylation-informative cases (n = 152) were enrolled in the prospective multicenter cohorts with an ultimate compliance of 96.7%. OED-derived squamous cell carcinomas were observed in 21 patients (14.3%) during the follow-up (median, 41.0 months). The cancer progression rate from the P16 methylation-positive patients was significantly increased when compared to P16 methylation-negative patients [27.1% vs 8.1%; adjusted odds ratio = 4.6; P = 0.006]. When the P16 methylation-positive criteria were used as a biomarker for early prediction of cancer development from OEDs, sensitivity and specificity of 62% and 76% were obtained, respectively. Interpretation P16 methylation is unequivocally a marker for determining the malignant potential of OED and there is no need for further research regarding this aspect. Funding National Basic Research Programs of China (2011CB504201 and 2015CB553902), Beijing Science and Technology Commission (Z090507017709016), and Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospital (XM201303) to Dajun Deng. The funding agencies have no role in the actual experimental design, patient recruitment, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or writing of this manuscript. P16 is most frequently inactivated through methylation and deletion in many cancers. A multicentral prospective study was carried out to test association between P16 methylation and oral cancer development. P16 methylation significantly increased risk of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia in Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Guangying Dong
- Fourth Military Medical University Hospital of Stomatology, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Aetiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Liu
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Liankun Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Aetiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, China
| | - Dajun Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Division of Aetiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, China
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