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Ramadesikan S, Lee J, Aguilar RC. The Future of Genetic Disease Studies: Assembling an Updated Multidisciplinary Toolbox. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886448. [PMID: 35573700 PMCID: PMC9096115 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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2
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Rutsch F, Buers I, Nitschke Y. Hereditary Disorders of Cardiovascular Calcification. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:35-47. [PMID: 33176451 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arterial calcification is a common phenomenon in the elderly, in patients with atherosclerosis or renal failure and in diabetes. However, when present in very young individuals, it is likely to be associated with an underlying hereditary disorder of arterial calcification. Here, we present an overview of the few monogenic disorders presenting with early-onset cardiovascular calcification. These disorders can be classified according to the function of the respective disease gene into (1) disorders caused by an altered purine and phosphate/pyrophosphate metabolism, (2) interferonopathies, and (3) Gaucher disease. The finding of arterial calcification in early life should alert the clinician and prompt further genetic work-up to define the underlying genetic defect, to establish the correct diagnosis, and to enable appropriate therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Germany
| | - Insa Buers
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Germany
| | - Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Muenster University Children's Hospital, Germany
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3
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Mutual role of ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 and concentrative nucleoside transporter 3 in the intestinal uptake of dAMP. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223892. [PMID: 31634358 PMCID: PMC6802847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2'-Deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (dAMP), a deoxyribonucleotide found in DNA, affects intestinal cell growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying gastrointestinal absorption of foreign DNA ingested along with food has hardly been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying intestinal absorption of dAMP. The uptake of [3H]dAMP by Caco-2 cells was Na+- and pH-dependent and was inhibited by various nucleosides. In contrast, nitrobenzylthioinosine (NMBPR), an equilibrative nucleoside transporter inhibitor, showed little inhibitory effects on [3H]dAMP uptake. Additionally, human concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) 3, transiently expressed in COS-7 cells, mediated the uptake of [3H]dAMP. A kinetic study revealed that the Km value of CNT3-mediated uptake of dAMP (59.6 μM) was close to that of 2'-deoxyadenosine (dAdo) (56.3 μM), whereas the dAMP Vmax (15.6 pmol·mg protein–1min–1) was 500-fold lesser than the dAdo Vmax (7782 pmol·mg protein–1min–1). Further, [3H]dAMP uptake was greater in COS-7 cells expressing ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 with CNT3 than in those expressing CNT3 alone. These data suggest that, although dAMP is a substrate of CNT3, it is dephosphorylated to dAdo by CD73 and is efficiently absorbed as dAdo from the intestinal lumen.
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Qiao Z, Li X, Kang N, Yang Y, Chen C, Wu T, Zhao M, Liu Y, Ji X. A Novel Specific Anti-CD73 Antibody Inhibits Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Motility by Regulating Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051057. [PMID: 30823477 PMCID: PMC6429162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing researches have focused on cancer metastasis and development. The ectonucleotidase CD73 is one of the most common cell surface enzymes that are involved in immunosuppression. In this study, the recombinant plasmid pET28a-CD73 was constructed and the CD73 protein was overexpressed in E. coli as an inclusion body that was then subjected to refolding. The anti-CD73 monoclonal antibody (3F7) was obtained by hybridoma technology. The antibody subtype was identified as IgG2a with an affinity constant of 5.75 nM. This antibody could be applied to immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The results showed that the CD73 protein was not only located in the cytoplasm but also distributed on the surface of triple-negative breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468. Moreover, the level of CD73 protein was associated with the survival rate. Although the anti-CD73 antibody was not able to inhibit tumor cell growth, it could enhance the cytotoxic effect of Doxorubicin to triple-negative breast cancer cells. In vitro function assay results indicated that anti-CD73 mAb could inhibit cell migration and invasion in both human triple-negative breast cancer and mouse 4T1 cell lines. In this process, both the LC3I/LC3II ratio and p62 protein levels increased, which indicated that the blockage of CD73 could inhibit cell autophagy, and cell migration and invasion were restored by rapamycin. In vivo, anti-CD73 mAb could significantly inhibit lung metastasis of 4T1 cells in a mouse xenograft model. Taken together, this novel anti-CD73 antibody could be developed as an adjuvant drug for triple-negative breast cancer therapy and can be useful in tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qiao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Hainan Institute of drug research, 7 Medicine Valley one road, Haikou 570311, China.
| | - Nannan Kang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Chuyuan Chen
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Mingjun Zhao
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xuemei Ji
- School of Life Science & Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Chang WA, Tsai MJ, Jian SF, Sheu CC, Kuo PL. Systematic analysis of transcriptomic profiles of COPD airway epithelium using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:2387-2398. [PMID: 30127601 PMCID: PMC6089098 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s173206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction COPD is a chronic inflammatory disease of lung. The inflammatory response in COPD is associated with neutrophils, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and bronchial epithelial cells, and occurs mainly in the small airway, leading to irreversible airflow limitation. Methods In order to investigate the microRNA–mRNA interaction in the microenvironment of the COPD airway, we used next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics in this study. Results We identified four genes with microRNA–mRNA interactions involved in COPD small-airway bronchial epithelial cells: NT5E, SDK1, TNS1, and PCDH7. Furthermore, miR6511a-5p–NT5E interaction was found to be involved in small-airway bronchial epithelial cells, large-airway bronchial epithelial cells, and alveolar macrophages. Conclusion Our results showed that miR6511a-5p–NT5E interaction plays an important role in COPD, which might be associated with cell–cell contact, activation of leukocytes, activation of T lymphocytes, and cellular homeostasis. These findings provide new information for further investigations of the COPD microenvironment, and may help to develop new diagnostic or therapeutic strategies targeting the bronchial epithelium for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-An Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University,
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Department of Respiratory Therapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University,
| | - Shu-Fang Jian
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University,
| | - Chau-Chyun Sheu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Department of Respiratory Therapy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University,
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, .,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Uemoto Y, Ohtake T, Sasago N, Takeda M, Abe T, Sakuma H, Kojima T, Sasaki S. Effect of two non-synonymous ecto-5'-nucleotidase variants on the genetic architecture of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and its degradation products in Japanese Black beef. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:874. [PMID: 29132308 PMCID: PMC5683534 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Umami is a Japanese term for the fifth basic taste and is an important sensory property of beef palatability. Inosine 5′-monophosphate (IMP) contributes to umami taste in beef. Thus, the overall change in concentration of IMP and its degradation products can potentially affect the beef palatability. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture of IMP and its degradation products in Japanese Black beef. First, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS), candidate gene analysis, and functional analysis to detect the causal variants that affect IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine. Second, we evaluated the allele frequencies in the different breeds, the contribution of genetic variance, and the effect on other economical traits using the detected variants. Results A total of 574 Japanese Black cattle were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip and were then used for GWAS. The results of GWAS showed that the genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on BTA9 were detected for IMP, inosine, and hypoxanthine. The ecto-5′-nucleotidase (NT5E) gene, which encodes the enzyme NT5E for the extracellular degradation of IMP to inosine, was located near the significant region on BTA9. The results of candidate gene analysis and functional analysis showed that two non-synonymous SNPs (c.1318C > T and c.1475 T > A) in NT5E affected the amount of IMP and its degradation products in beef by regulating the enzymatic activity of NT5E. The Q haplotype showed a positive effect on IMP and a negative effect on the enzymatic activity of NT5E in IMP degradation. The two SNPs were under perfect linkage disequilibrium in five different breeds, and different haplotype frequencies were seen among breeds. The two SNPs contribute to about half of the total genetic variance in IMP, and the results of genetic relationship between IMP and its degradation products showed that NT5E affected the overall concentration balance of IMP and its degradation products. In addition, the SNPs in NT5E did not have an unfavorable effect on the other economical traits. Conclusion Based on all the above findings taken together, two non-synonymous SNPs in NT5E would be useful for improving IMP and its degradation products by marker-assisted selection in Japanese Black cattle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi: 10.1186/s12864-017-4275-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Uemoto
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan.,Present address: Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-0845, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohtake
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Nanae Sasago
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Abe
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Hironori Sakuma
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kojima
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan
| | - Shinji Sasaki
- National Livestock Breeding Center, Nishigo, Fukushima, 961-8511, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We give an update on the etiology and potential treatment options of rare inherited monogenic disorders associated with arterial calcification and calcific cardiac valve disease. RECENT FINDINGS Genetic studies of rare inherited syndromes have identified key regulators of ectopic calcification. Based on the pathogenic principles causing the diseases, these can be classified into three groups: (1) disorders of an increased extracellular inorganic phosphate/inorganic pyrophosphate ratio (generalized arterial calcification of infancy, pseudoxanthoma elasticum, arterial calcification and distal joint calcification, progeria, idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, and hyperphosphatemic familial tumoral calcinosis; (2) interferonopathies (Singleton-Merten syndrome); and (3) others, including Keutel syndrome and Gaucher disease type IIIC. Although some of the identified causative mechanisms are not easy to target for treatment, it has become clear that a disturbed serum phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio is a major force triggering arterial and cardiac valve calcification. Further studies will focus on targeting the phosphate/pyrophosphate ratio to effectively prevent and treat these calcific disease phenotypes.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/drug therapy
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/drug therapy
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/drug therapy
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/genetics
- Basal Ganglia Diseases/metabolism
- Calcinosis/drug therapy
- Calcinosis/genetics
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Cartilage Diseases/drug therapy
- Cartilage Diseases/genetics
- Cartilage Diseases/metabolism
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/drug therapy
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/genetics
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia/metabolism
- Diphosphates/metabolism
- Enzyme Replacement Therapy
- Gaucher Disease/drug therapy
- Gaucher Disease/genetics
- Gaucher Disease/metabolism
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/drug therapy
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Hand Deformities, Congenital/metabolism
- Humans
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/drug therapy
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/genetics
- Hyperostosis, Cortical, Congenital/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/drug therapy
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/metabolism
- Interferons/metabolism
- Metacarpus/abnormalities
- Metacarpus/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/drug therapy
- Muscular Diseases/genetics
- Muscular Diseases/metabolism
- Odontodysplasia/drug therapy
- Odontodysplasia/genetics
- Odontodysplasia/metabolism
- Osteoporosis/drug therapy
- Osteoporosis/genetics
- Osteoporosis/metabolism
- Phosphates/metabolism
- Progeria/drug therapy
- Progeria/genetics
- Progeria/metabolism
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/drug therapy
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/genetics
- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum/metabolism
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/genetics
- Pulmonary Valve Stenosis/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/drug therapy
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Nitschke
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Rutsch
- Department of General Pediatrics, Münster University Children's Hospital, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48149, Münster, Germany.
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Population pharmacokinetics of fludarabine in patients with aplastic anemia and Fanconi anemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:977-983. [PMID: 28481355 PMCID: PMC5584518 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) with a conditioning regimen consisting of fludarabine (F-araA) and cyclophosphamide (Cy) is associated with improved outcome in young patients with aplastic anemia (AA) and Fanconi anemia (FA), several factors limit the success of the procedure. We evaluated the population pharmacokinetics (POPPK) of F-araA and its influence on HSCT outcome in patients (n=53) with AA and FA undergoing HSCT. Patients carrying a 5′-UTR polymorphism in NT5E gene (rs2295890 G>C) exhibited significantly lower plasma F-araA clearance compared to those with wild-type genotype (7.12 vs 5.03 L/h/m2 (29%) P<0.05). F-araA clearance was significantly higher in patients with AA compared to FA (2.46 ×, P<1e−6). Of all the outcome parameters evaluated (engraftment, rejection/graft failure, GvHD, TRM, OS), high F-araA AUC (>29.4 μm*h) was the only significant factor associated with the development of aGvHD by both univariate and multivariate analysis (P=0.02). The influence of plasma F-araA levels need to be evaluated in a larger cohort of patients to propose the need for therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Zhu J, Zeng Y, Li W, Qin H, Lei Z, Shen D, Gu D, Huang JA, Liu Z. CD73/NT5E is a target of miR-30a-5p and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of non-small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:34. [PMID: 28158983 PMCID: PMC5291990 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CD73 (ecto-5′-nucleotidase) is implicated in the development of many types of cancer. CD73 inhibitors are currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Understanding the molecular and cellular actions of CD73 inhibitors is the key to improving this line of therapy. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of CD73 and miR-30a-5p; Western blot and immunohistochemical assays were used to investigate the levels of CD73 and other proteins. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle stage and apoptosis. CCK-8 and clonogenic assays were used to investigate cell proliferation. Wound healing, migration and invasion assays were used to investigate the motility of cells. A lung carcinoma xenograft mouse model was used to investigate the in vivo effects of CD73 and miR-30a-5p. Results In the present study, we found that CD73 is overexpressed and miR-30a-5p is underexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer tissues compared with adjacent noncancerous. Further, we showed that CD73 is a direct target of miR-30a-5p by luciferase reporter assays, qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. We also found that overexpression of miR-30a-5p in these non-small cell lung cancer cell lines inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal phenotype was suppressed and cell migration and invasion were inhibited; these effects were brought about via the EGF signaling pathway. Conclusions Our findings reveal a new post-transcriptional mechanism of CD73 regulation via miR-30a-5p and EGFR-related drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-017-0591-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hualong Qin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhe Lei
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Gu
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Zeyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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Allard D, Allard B, Gaudreau PO, Chrobak P, Stagg J. CD73-adenosine: a next-generation target in immuno-oncology. Immunotherapy 2016; 8:145-63. [PMID: 26808918 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has entered in a new era with the development of first-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the PD1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 pathways. In this context, considerable research effort is being deployed to find the next generation of cancer immunotherapeutics. The CD73-adenosine axis constitutes one of the most promising pathways in immuno-oncology. We and others have demonstrated the immunosuppressive role of CD73-adenosine in cancer and established proof-of-concept that the targeted blockade of CD73 or adenosine receptors could effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and enhance the activity of first-generation immune checkpoint blockers. With Phase I clinical trials now underway evaluating anti-CD73 or anti-A2A therapies in cancer patients, we here discuss the fundamental, preclinical and clinical findings related to the role of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Bertrand Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pavel Chrobak
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal et Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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11
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Calcification of joints and arteries: second report with novel NT5E mutations and expansion of the phenotype. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:561-4. [PMID: 26178434 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Calcification of joints and arteries (CALJA; MIM 211800) is an extremely rare mendelian disorder of isolated calcification that is characterized by late onset calcification of the extremity arteries and hand and foot joint capsules. Mutations of NT5E, encoding cluster of differentiation 73, have been implicated in CALJA. Here we report on a Chinese family with CALJA and novel compound heterozygous mutations (c.1360G>A (p.Gly454Arg) and c.1387C>T (p.Arg463X)) in NT5E. Our study represents the second report on patients with CALJA associated with NT5E mutations. The clinical features expand the previously reported phenotype of NT5E mutations. The propositus has calcification of the lower extremity arteries and hand and foot joint capsules similar to those previously reported patients. However, he also has calcification of the upper extremity arteries. By protein structural modeling, we found the mutation p.Gly454Arg may disrupt the folding of β-pleated sheet and destabilize the protein structure. Our findings will provide clues to the phenotype-genotype relations and may assist not only in the clinical diagnosis but also in the interpretation of genetic information used for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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12
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Correction: NT5E mutations that cause human disease are associated with intracellular mistrafficking of NT5E protein. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118252. [PMID: 25741693 PMCID: PMC4351006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Sherwani MA, Tufail S, Khan AA, Owais M. Dendrimer-PLGA based multifunctional immuno-nanocomposite mediated synchronous and tumor selective delivery of siRNA and cisplatin: potential in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra03651h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The in-house synthesized PLK-1 siRNA and cisplatin loaded innovative dendrimer-PLGA immuno-nanocomposite bears the capacity of delivering both the cargos simultaneously to the same liver cancer cell in a targeted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saba Tufail
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
| | - Aijaz Ahmed Khan
- Department of Anatomy
- Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College
- Faculty of Medicine
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
| | - Mohammad Owais
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh
- India
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14
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Snider NT, Altshuler PJ, Wan S, Welling TH, Cavalcoli J, Omary MB. Alternative splicing of human NT5E in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma produces a negative regulator of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73). Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:4024-33. [PMID: 25298403 PMCID: PMC4263446 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of human NT5E generates CD73S, an endoplasmic reticulum–associated and dimerization-deficient glycoprotein that lacks enzymatic activity. CD73S functions as a negative regulator of canonical CD73 by promoting its proteasomal degradation, which may have significance in chronic liver disease and liver cancer. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73), encoded by NT5E, is the major enzymatic source of extracellular adenosine. CD73 controls numerous pathophysiological responses and is a potential disease target, but its regulation is poorly understood. We examined NT5E regulation by alternative splicing. Genomic database analysis of human transcripts led us to identify NT5E-2, a novel splice variant that was expressed at low abundance in normal human tissues but was significantly up-regulated in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NT5E-2 encodes a shorter CD73 isoform we named CD73S. The presence of CD73S protein, which lacks 50 amino acids, was detected in HCC using an isoform-specific antibody. A noncanonical mouse mRNA, similar to human CD73S, was observed, but the corresponding protein was undetectable. The two human isoforms exhibited functional differences, such that ectopic expression of canonical CD73 (CD73L) in human HepG2 cells was associated with decreased expression of the proliferation marker Ki67, whereas CD73S expression did not have an effect on Ki67 expression. CD73S was glycosylated, catalytically inactive, unable to dimerize, and complexed intracellularly with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone calnexin. Furthermore, CD73S complexed with CD73L and promoted proteasome-dependent CD73L degradation. The findings reveal species-specific CD73 regulation, with potential significance to cancer, fibrosis, and other diseases characterized by changes in CD73 expression and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T Snider
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter J Altshuler
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shanshan Wan
- Departments of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | | | - James Cavalcoli
- Departments of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Departments of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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