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Koh E, Lee DY, Yoo D, Kim MJ, Lee IS, Hong JH, Park SJ, Kim J, Cha SC, Lee H, Oh CS, Shin DH. Revisiting diaphragmatic hernia of Joseon period Korean mummy by three-dimensional liver and heart segmentation and model reconstruction. Anat Cell Biol 2022; 55:507-511. [PMID: 35948525 PMCID: PMC9747339 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) segmentation and model reconstruction is a specialized tool to reveal spatial interrelationship between multiple internal organs by generating images without overlapping structures. This technique can also be applicable to mummy studies, but related reports have so far been very rare. In this study, we applied 3D segmentation and model reconstruction to computed tomography images of a Korean mummy with congenital diaphragmatic hernia. As originally revealed by the autopsy in 2013, the current 3D reconstruction reveals that the mummy's heart is shifted to the left due to the liver pushing up to thoracic cavity thorough diaphragmatic hernial defect. We can generate 3D images by calling up the data exclusively from mummy's target organs, thus minimizing the confusion of diagnosis that could be caused by overlapping organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensung Koh
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Yeong Lee
- Data Science Division, MEDICALIP Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongsoo Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - In Sun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Ha Hong
- Institute of Korean Archaeology and Ancient History, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Park
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Chul Cha
- Seorabeol Institute of Cultural Heritage, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Mortuary Science, College of Bio-Convergence, Eulji University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Corresponding author: Dong Hoon Shin, Institute of Forensic and Anthropological Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea, E-mail:
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Nystrom KC, Tilley L. Mummy studies and the bioarchaeology of care. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2019; 25:64-71. [PMID: 30017496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The bioarchaeology of care is a framework through which researchers can begin to infer the level of care an individual may have required based on the presence of paleopathological evidence. To date, all of the research that has employed the framework has been based on evidence derived from skeletal material. This special issue was organized in order to highlight how the analysis of mummified soft tissue, as well as other sources of data commonly associated with mummified remains, such as coprolites and intestinal contents, has the potential to provide valuable insight into the reconstruction of care in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Nystrom
- Department of Anthropology, State University of New York at New Paltz, USA.
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Medieval mummies of Zeleny Yar burial ground in the Arctic Zone of Western Siberia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210718. [PMID: 30682121 PMCID: PMC6347368 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the pioneering achievements of studies on arctic mummies in Siberia, there are insufficient data for any comprehensive understanding of the bio-cultural details of medieval people living in the region. In the Western Siberian arctic, permafrost mummies have been found in 12th to 13th century graves located in the Zeleny Yar (Z-Y) burial ground (66°19'4.54"С; 67°21'13.54"В). In 2013-2016, we were fortunate to be able to excavate that cemetery, locating a total of 47 burials, including cases of mummification. Some of these mummies had been wrapped in a multi-layered birch-bark cocoon. After removal of the cocoon, we conducted interdisciplinary studies using various scientific techniques. Gross anatomical examination and CT radiography showed that the internal organs were still well preserved inside the body cavities. Under light and electron microscopy, the histological findings were very similar to those for naturally mummified specimens discovered in other countries. Ancient DNA analysis showed that the Z-Y mummies' mtDNA haplotypes belong to five different haplogroups, namely U5a (#34), H3ao (#53), D (#67-1), U4b1b1 (#67-2), and D4j8 (#68), which distinguish them for their unique combination of Western- and Eastern Siberia-specific mtDNA haplogroups. Our interdisciplinary study obtained fundamental information that will form the foundation of successful future investigations on medieval mummies found in the Western Siberian arctic.
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Mummification in Korea and China: Mawangdui, Song, Ming and Joseon Dynasty Mummies. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6215025. [PMID: 30302339 PMCID: PMC6158963 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6215025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the decades, mummy studies have expanded to reconstruct a multifaceted knowledge about the ancient populations' living conditions, pathologies, and possible cause of death in different spatiotemporal contexts. Mainly due to linguistic barriers, however, the international knowledge of East Asian mummies has remained sketchy until recently. We thus analyse and summarize the outcomes of the studies so far performed in Korea and China in order to provide mummy experts with little-known data on East Asian mummies. In this report, similarities and differences in the mummification processes and funerary rituals in Korea and China are highlighted. Although the historical periods, the region of excavation, and the structures of the graves differ, the cultural aspects, the mechanisms of mummification, and biological evidence appear to be essentially similar to each other. Independently from the way they are called locally, the Korean and Chinese mummies belong to the same group with a shared cultural background.
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OH CHANGSEOK, SHIN DONGHOON, HONG JONGHA, LEE SOONGDEOK, LEE EUNJU. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses on ABCC11, EDAR, FGFR2, and ABO genotypes of mummified people of the Joseon Dynasty, South Korea. ANTHROPOL SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.180302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CHANG SEOK OH
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology, and History of Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - DONG HOON SHIN
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology, and History of Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - JONG HA HONG
- Laboratory of Bioanthropology, Paleopathology, and History of Diseases, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - SOONG DEOK LEE
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - EUNJU LEE
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul
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Shin DH, Oh CS, Hong JH, Kim Y, Lee SD, Lee E. Paleogenetic study on the 17th century Korean mummy with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183098. [PMID: 28813480 PMCID: PMC5559090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is known to be common among modern people exposed to various risk factors, recent paleopathological studies have shown that it affected ancient populations much more frequently than expected. In 2010, we investigated a 17th century Korean female mummy with presumptive ASCVD signs. Although the resulting report was a rare and invaluable conjecture on the disease status of an ancient East Asian population, the diagnosis had been based only on anatomical and radiological techniques, and so could not confirm the existence of ASCVD in the mummy. In the present study, we thus performed a paleogenetic analysis to supplement the previous conventional diagnosis of ASCVD. In aDNA extracted from the same Korean mummy, we identified the risk alleles of seven different SNPs (rs5351, rs10757274, rs2383206, rs2383207, rs10757278, rs4380028 and rs1333049) that had already been revealed to be the major risk loci of ASCVD in East Asian populations. The reliability of this study could be enhanced by cross-validation using two different analyses: Sanger and SNaPshot techniques. We were able to establish that the 17th century Korean female had a strong genetic predisposition to increased risk of ASCVD. The current paleogenetic diagnosis, the first of its kind outside Europe, re-confirms its utility as an adjunct modality for confirmatory diagnosis of ancient ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Ha Hong
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yusu Kim
- Bioanthropology and Paleopathology Lab, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soong Deok Lee
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim MJ, Kim YS, Oh CS, Go JH, Lee IS, Park WK, Cho SM, Kim SK, Shin DH. Anatomical confirmation of computed tomography-based diagnosis of the atherosclerosis discovered in 17th century Korean mummy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119474. [PMID: 25816014 PMCID: PMC4376940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study on a newly discovered 17th century Korean mummy, computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple aortic calcifications within the aortic wall that were indicative of ancient atherosclerosis. The CT-based findings were confirmed by our subsequent post-factum dissection, which exhibited possible signs of the disease including ulcerated plaques, ruptured hemorrhages, and intimal thickening where the necrotic core was covered by the fibrous cap. These findings are strong indicators that the mummy suffered from aortic atherosclerosis during her lifetime. The present study is a good example of how CT images of vascular calcifications can be a useful diagnostic tool in forming at least preliminary diagnoses of ancient atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeung Ju Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Yi-Suk Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seok Oh
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jai-Hyang Go
- Department of Pathology, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - In Sun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Bundang, Korea
| | - Won-Kyu Park
- Department of Wood and Paper Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok-Min Cho
- Gaya National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Changwon, Korea
| | - Soon-Kwan Kim
- National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, Cultural Heritage Science Center, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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