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Park I, Lee JH, Ahn J. Effects of the kinematic variable, time delay and data length on test-retest reliability of the maximal Lyapunov exponent of human walking. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240333. [PMID: 39386987 PMCID: PMC11461070 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
The maximal Lyapunov exponent (MLE) has been used to quantify the dynamic stability of human locomotion. The method for estimating MLE requires selecting a proper time series of kinematic variables and reconstructing phase space using proper time delay. The data length also affects the reliability of the measured MLE. However, there has been no criterion for the choice of the time series, time delay or data length. Here, we quantified the effect of these factors on the test-retest reliability of MLE estimations. We recruited 15 young and healthy adults and let them walk on a treadmill three times. We calculated MLE employing various lengths of time series of 18 frequently used kinematic variables and two typical choices of time delay: fixed delay and delay selected by average mutual information algorithm. Then, we measured the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the measured MLE under each condition. Our results show that the choice of time delay does not affect reliability. Five among the 18 kinematic variables enabled excellent reliability with ICC above 0.9 within 450 strides and also enabled ICC above 0.75 even with 60 or less strides. These findings can contribute to establishing the criteria for measuring the dynamic stability of human walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilseung Park
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jooeun Ahn
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institue of Sport Science, Seoul, South Korea
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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Bhat SG, Kaufman KR. Dynamical systems theory applied to short walking trials. J Biomech 2024; 176:112331. [PMID: 39340973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Human walking is an extremely complex neuromuscular activity whose simplicity disappears when an attempt is made to provide a quantitative description of the process. The dynamical systems theory provides a framework for analyzing the stability and chaotic nature of dynamical systems, employing Floquet multipliers (FM) and long and short-term Lyapunov exponents (LE), respectively. This report compares FM and LE from three methods: method A (false nearest neighbors and numerical approximation), method B (false nearest neighbors and semi-analytical technique) and method C (singular value decomposition and semi-analytical technique). Data from 33 healthy older adults with no history of falls were used to explain the dynamic system. A surrogate center of mass trajectory was calculated for the analysis of sway in the transverse plane. Results revealed methodological differences in LE and FM calculations with semi-analytical solutions providing closer approximations to observed gait behavior. The long-term LE from Methods A and B were similar, but other LE pairings differed. Method A's short-term LE indicated chaotic gaits for all subjects, while long-term LE from Methods A and B indicated chaos for half the subjects. Method C showed non-chaotic gait for most subjects. Method B's FM indicated over 30% of subjects had unstable gait. Method C yielded values of LE and FM that most closely matched the subjects' gait patterns. This study offers a methodological foundation for gait analysis using short time-series data, facilitating deeper insights into both stability and chaos within gait dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh G Bhat
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 565 1(st) St SW, DA 4-214, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Kenton R Kaufman
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, 565 1(st) St SW, DA 4-214, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Hulshof CM, van der Leeden M, van Netten JJ, Gijssel M, Evers J, Bus SA, Pijnappels M. The association between peripheral neuropathy and daily-life gait quality characteristics in people with diabetes. Gait Posture 2024; 114:152-159. [PMID: 39332310 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and increases the risk of falls, possibly through gait (quality) impairments in daily life. Characteristics of gait quality have been associated with peripheral neuropathy in a laboratory setting, but little is known about the more relevant association with gait quality in daily life. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between peripheral neuropathy and gait quality characteristics in daily life in people with diabetes? METHODS Data from two cross-sectional studies were combined in an exploratory analysis, including a total of 98 participants with diabetes (mean age: 68 (SD 7) years, 32 females), of which 68 with peripheral neuropathy. Participants wore a tri-axial accelerometer for seven consecutive days. Walking episodes ≥5 seconds were identified and analysed to determine various gait quality characteristics. Associations were assessed using linear regression analyses, adjusted for walking speed and other potential confounders. RESULTS Peripheral neuropathy was significantly associated with a lower walking speed (people with neuropathy: 0.81 vs without neuropathy: 0.88 m/s; β (95 % confidence interval (CI)): -0.114 (-0.202 to -0.026)), a lower stride frequency (0.81 vs 0.85 strides/s; β (95 % CI): -0.030 (-0.057 to -0.003)), lower gait intensity (i.e. lower root mean square) in vertical direction (1.38 vs 1.63 m/s2; β (95 % CI): -0.074 (-0.143 to -0.006)), and less gait symmetry (i.e. lower harmonic ratio) in vertical direction (1.82 vs 2.27; β (95 % CI): -0.322 (-0.474 to -0.170)). People with peripheral neuropathy had non-significantly poorer gait quality for most of the other 21 gait quality characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE Peripheral neuropathy seems to negatively affect several gait quality characteristics measured in daily life. These results need to be replicated in future studies and may help to develop targeted gait training to improve gait quality and potentially reduce fall risk in people with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Hulshof
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality and Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marike van der Leeden
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality and Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap J van Netten
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality and Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Maarten Gijssel
- Kinetic Analysis B.V., Jheronimus Academy of Data Science, Sint Janssingel 92, s-Hertogenbosch 5211 DA, the Netherlands; Master Geriatric Physical Therapy, AvansPlus, Claudius Prinsenlaan 140, Breda 4818 CP, the Netherlands
| | - Jordi Evers
- McRoberts B.V., Bezuidenhoutseweg 195, The Hague 2594 AJ, the Netherlands
| | - Sicco A Bus
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Rehabilitation Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality and Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Pijnappels
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Ageing & Vitality and Rehabilitation & Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 7, Amsterdam 1081 BT, the Netherlands
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4
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Piergiovanni S, Terrier P. Effects of metronome walking on long-term attractor divergence and correlation structure of gait: a validation study in older people. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15784. [PMID: 38982219 PMCID: PMC11233570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of metronome walking on gait dynamics in older adults, focusing on long-range correlation structures and long-range attractor divergence (assessed by maximum Lyapunov exponents). Sixty older adults participated in indoor walking tests with and without metronome cues. Gait parameters were recorded using two triaxial accelerometers attached to the lumbar region and to the foot. We analyzed logarithmic divergence of lumbar acceleration using Rosenstein's algorithm and scaling exponents for stride intervals from foot accelerometers using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Results indicated a concomitant reduction in long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents during metronome walking, while short-term divergence remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, long-term divergence exponents and scaling exponents were significantly correlated. Reliability analysis revealed moderate intrasession consistency for long-term divergence exponents, but poor reliability for scaling exponents. Our results suggest that long-term divergence exponents could effectively replace scaling exponents for unsupervised gait quality assessment in older adults. This approach may improve the assessment of attentional involvement in gait control and enhance fall risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Piergiovanni
- Haute-Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Espace de l'Europe 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Terrier
- Haute-Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Espace de l'Europe 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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Fink S, Suppanz M, Oberzaucher J, Castro MA, Fernandes O, Alves I. Gait characterization in rare bone diseases in a real-world environment - A comparative controlled study. Gait Posture 2024; 112:174-180. [PMID: 38850844 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rare bone diseases (RBD) cause physical and sensory disability that affects quality of life. Mobility challenges are common for people with RBDs, and travelling to gait analysis labs can be very complex. Smartphone sensors could provide remote monitoring. RESEARCH QUESTION This study aimed to search for and identify variables that can be used to discriminate between people with RBD and healthy people by using built-in smartphone sensors in a real-world setting. METHODS In total, 18 participants (healthy: n=9; RBD: n=9), controlled by age and sex, were included in this cross-sectional study. A freely available App (Phyphox) was used to gather data from built-in smartphone sensors (accelerometer & gyroscope) at 60 Hz during a 15-min walk on a level surface without turns or stops. Temporal gait parameters like cadence, mean stride time and, coefficient variance (CoVSt) and nonlinear analyses, as the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) & sample entropy (SE) in the three accelerometer axes were used to distinguish between the groups and describe gait patterns. RESULTS The LLE (p=0.04) and the SE of the z-axis (p=0.01), which are correlated with balance control during walking and regularity of the gait, are sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between RBD and controls. SIGNIFICANCE The use of smartphone sensors to monitor gait in people with RBD allows for the identification of subtle changes in gait patterns, which can be used to inform assessment and management strategies in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Fink
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1/III, Graz 8010, Austria; Institute for applied Human movement Science, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, Villach 9524, Austria; Institute for applied research on Aging, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, Villach 9524, Austria.
| | - Michael Suppanz
- Institute for applied Human movement Science, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Johannes Oberzaucher
- Institute for applied research on Aging, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Europastraße 4, Villach 9524, Austria
| | - Maria António Castro
- RoboCorp Laboratory, i2A, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra 3046-854, Portugal; School of Health Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, Leiria 2411-901, Portugal
| | - Orlando Fernandes
- Sport and Health Department, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Évora 7000-671, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora 7000-671, Portugal
| | - Inês Alves
- Sport and Health Department, School of Health and Human Development, University of Évora, Évora 7000-671, Portugal; Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), University of Évora, Évora 7000-671, Portugal; ANDO Portugal, National Association for Skeletal Dysplasias, Évora 7005-144, Portugal
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6
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Netukova S, Bizovska L, Krupicka R, Szabo Z. The relationship between the local dynamic stability of gait to cognitive and physical performance in older adults: A scoping review. Gait Posture 2024; 107:49-60. [PMID: 37734191 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local dynamic stability (LDS) has become accepted as a gait stability indicator. The deterioration of gait stability is magnified in older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the current state in the field regarding rthe relationship between LDS and cognitive and/or physical function in older adults? METHODS A scoping review design was used to search for peer-reviewed literature or conference proceedings published through May 2023 for an association between LDS and cognitive (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment) or physical performance (e.g., Timed Up & Go Test) in older adults. Only studies investigating gait stability via LDS during controlled walking, when dealing with a subject group consisting of healthy older adults, and quantifying LDS relationship to cognitive and/or physical measure were included. We analysed data from the studies in a descriptive manner. RESULTS In total, 814 potentially relevant articles were selected, of which 15 met the inclusion criteria. We identified 37 LDS quantifiers employed in LDS-cognition and/or LDS-physical performance relationship assessment. Nine measures of cognitive and 20 measures of physical performance were analysed. Most studies estimated LDS quantities using triaxial acceleration data. However, there was a variance in sensor placement and signal direction. Out of the 56 studied relationships of LDS to physical performance measures, sixteen were found to be relevant. Out of 22 studied relationships between LDS and cognitive measures, only two were worthwhile. SIGNIFICANCE Considering the heterogeneity of the utilized LDS (caused by different sensors locations, signals, and signal directions as well as variety of computational approaches to estimate LDS) and cognitive/physical measures, the results of this scoping review does not indicate a current need for a systematic review with meta-analysis. To assess the overall utility of LDS to reveal a relationship between LDS to cognitive and physical performance measures, an analysis of other subject groups would be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slavka Netukova
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nam Sitna 3105, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucia Bizovska
- Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Krupicka
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nam Sitna 3105, Czech Republic
| | - Zoltan Szabo
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, nam Sitna 3105, Czech Republic
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7
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Winter L, Taylor P, Bellenger C, Grimshaw P, Crowther RG. The application of the Lyapunov Exponent to analyse human performance: A systematic review. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1994-2013. [PMID: 38326239 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2308441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Variability is a normal component of human movement, allowing one to adapt to environmental perturbations. It can be analysed from linear or non-linear perspectives. The Lyapunov Exponent (LyE) is a commonly used non-linear technique, which quantifies local dynamic stability. It has been applied primarily to walking gait and appears to be limited application in other movements. Therefore, this systematic review aims to summarise research methodologies applying the LyE to movements, excluding walking gait. Four databases were searched using keywords related to movement variability, dynamic stability, LyE and divergence exponent. Articles written in English, using the LyE to analyse movements, excluding walking gait were included for analysis. 31 papers were included for data extraction. Quality appraisal was conducted and information related to the movement, data capture method, data type, apparatus, sampling rate, body segment/joint, number of strides/steps, state space reconstruction, algorithm, filtering, surrogation and time normalisation were extracted. LyE values were reported in supplementary materials (Appendix 2). Running was the most prevalent non-walking gait movement assessed. Methodologies to calculate the LyE differed in various aspects resulting in different LyE values being generated. Additionally, test-retest reliability, was only conducted in one study, which should be addressed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Winter
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Taylor
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clint Bellenger
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Grimshaw
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
- Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert G Crowther
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition & Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Szczęsna A, Augustyn D, Harężlak K, Josiński H, Świtoński A, Kasprowski P. Datasets for learning of unknown characteristics of dynamical systems. Sci Data 2023; 10:79. [PMID: 36750577 PMCID: PMC9905521 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-01978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to uncover characteristics based on empirical measurement is an important step in understanding the underlying system that gives rise to an observed time series. This is especially important for biological signals whose characteristic contributes to the underlying dynamics of the physiological processes. Therefore, by studying such signals, the physiological systems that generate them can be better understood. The datasets presented consist of 33,000 time series of 15 dynamical systems (five chaotic and ten non-chaotic) of the first, second, or third order. Here, the order of a dynamical system means its dimension. The non-chaotic systems were divided into the following classes: periodic, quasi-periodic, and non-periodic. The aim is to propose datasets for machine learning methods, in particular deep learning techniques, to analyze unknown dynamical system characteristics based on obtained time series. In technical validation, three classifications experiments were conducted using two types of neural networks with long short-term memory modules and convolutional layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szczęsna
- Department of Computer Graphics, Vision and Digital Systems, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Akademicka 16, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Augustyn
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Akademicka 16, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Harężlak
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Akademicka 16, Poland
| | - Henryk Josiński
- Department of Computer Graphics, Vision and Digital Systems, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Akademicka 16, Poland
| | - Adam Świtoński
- Department of Computer Graphics, Vision and Digital Systems, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Akademicka 16, Poland
| | - Paweł Kasprowski
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Akademicka 16, Poland
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The Influence of Cell Phone Usage on Dynamic Stability of the Body During Walking. J Appl Biomech 2022; 38:365-372. [PMID: 36180043 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2021-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Dual-task walking and cell phone usage, which is associated with high cognitive load and reduced situational awareness, can increase risk of a collision, a fall event, or death. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of dual-task cell phone talking, texting, and reading while walking on spatiotemporal gait parameters; minimum foot clearance; and dynamic stability of the lower limb joints, trunk, and head. Nineteen healthy male participants walked on an instrumented treadmill at their self-selected speed as well as walking while simultaneously (1) reading on a cell phone, (2) texting, and (3) talking on a cell phone. Gait analyses were performed using an optical motion analysis system, and dynamic stability was calculated using the Maximum Lyapunov Exponent. Dual-task cell phone usage had a significant destabilizing influence on the lower limb joints during walking. Cell phone talking while walking significantly increased step width and length and decreased minimum foot clearance height (P < .05). The findings suggest that dual-task walking and cell phone conversation may present a greater risk of a fall event than texting or reading. This may be due to the requirements for more rapid information processing and cognitive demand at the expense of motor control of joint stability.
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Feasibility of Sensor Technology for Balance Assessment in Home Rehabilitation Settings. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134438. [PMID: 34203571 PMCID: PMC8272234 DOI: 10.3390/s21134438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increased use of sensor technology has been crucial in releasing the potential for remote rehabilitation. However, it is vital that human factors, that have potential to affect real-world use, are fully considered before sensors are adopted into remote rehabilitation practice. The smart sensor devices for rehabilitation and connected health (SENDoc) project assesses the human factors associated with sensors for remote rehabilitation of elders in the Northern Periphery of Europe. This article conducts a literature review of human factors and puts forward an objective scoring system to evaluate the feasibility of balance assessment technology for adaption into remote rehabilitation settings. The main factors that must be considered are: Deployment constraints, usability, comfort and accuracy. This article shows that improving accuracy, reliability and validity is the main goal of research focusing on developing novel balance assessment technology. However, other aspects of usability related to human factors such as practicality, comfort and ease of use need further consideration by researchers to help advance the technology to a state where it can be applied in remote rehabilitation settings.
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11
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Measuring Gait Stability in People with Multiple Sclerosis Using Different Sensor Locations and Time Scales. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21124001. [PMID: 34200530 PMCID: PMC8228118 DOI: 10.3390/s21124001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of local divergence exponent (LDE) has been proposed as a common gait stability measure in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). However, differences in methods of determining LDE may lead to different results. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of different sensor locations and LDE measures on the sensitivity to discriminate PwMS. To accomplish this, 86 PwMS and 30 healthy participants were instructed to complete a six-minute walk wearing inertial sensors attached to the foot, trunk and lumbar spine. Due to possible fatigue effects, the LDE short (~50% of stride) and very short (~5% of stride) were calculated for the remaining first, middle and last 30 strides. The effect of group (PwMS vs. healthy participants) and time (begin, mid, end) and the effect of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and time were assessed with linear random intercepts models. We found that perturbations seem to be better compensated in healthy participants on a longer time scale based on trunk movements and on a shorter time scale (almost instantaneously) according to the foot kinematics. Therefore, we suggest to consider both sensor location and time scale of LDE when calculating local gait stability in PwMS.
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12
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Carpinella I, Gervasoni E, Anastasi D, Di Giovanni R, Tacchino A, Brichetto G, Confalonieri P, Rovaris M, Solaro C, Ferrarin M, Cattaneo D. Instrumentally assessed gait quality is more relevant than gait endurance and velocity to explain patient-reported walking ability in early-stage multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2259-2268. [PMID: 33864413 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE People with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) often report walking limitations even when the gold standard Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) indicates normal walking endurance/autonomy. The present multicenter study on early-stage PwMS aims at analyzing which aspects are associated with patient-reported walking limitations measured with the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). METHODS Eighty-two PwMS (EDSS ≤ 2.5) were assessed using the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale-short (FAB-s), the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the 6-min Walk Test (6MWT), the latter administered also to 21 healthy subjects. Participants performed the 6MWT wearing three inertial sensors on ankles and trunk. Instrumented metrics describing gait velocity (stride length and frequency) and quality (regularity, symmetry, instability) were computed from sensor data. Fatigue (FSS), balance (FAB-s), walking endurance (6MWT) and instrumented metrics were entered in a multiple regression model with MSWS-12 as dependent variable. RESULTS Gait symmetry, gait instability, fatigue and balance were significantly associated with self-rated walking ability, whilst walking endurance and velocity were not. Fatigue, balance, gait symmetry and instability were more impaired in participants reporting mild-to-moderate (MSMM-PWL , 25 ≤ MSWS-12 < 75) compared to those reporting none-to-minimal (MSnm-PWL , 0 ≤ MSWS-12 ≤ 25) perceived walking limitations. Compared to healthy subjects, gait symmetry and stability were reduced in MSnm-PWL and MSMM-PWL , even in those participants with EDSS ≤ 1.5. CONCLUSION Instrumentally assessed gait quality aspects (symmetry and instability) are associated with patient-reported walking ability in early-stage PwMS and seem sensitive biomarkers to detect subtle impairments even in the earliest stages of the disease (EDSS ≤ 1.5). Future studies should assess their ability to follow walking change due to MS progression or pharmacological/rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Tacchino
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Brichetto
- Scientific Research Area, Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Davide Cattaneo
- IRCSS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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13
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Crowley P, Vuillerme N, Samani A, Madeleine P. The effects of walking speed and mobile phone use on the walking dynamics of young adults. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1237. [PMID: 33441673 PMCID: PMC7806980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79584-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking while using a mobile phone has been shown to affect the walking dynamics of young adults. However, this has only been investigated using treadmill walking at a fixed walking speed. In this study, the dynamics of over ground walking were investigated using lower trunk acceleration measured over 12 consecutive trials, following differing walking speed and mobile phone use instructions. Higher walking speed significantly increased the proportion of acceleration along the vertical measurement axis, while decreasing the proportion of acceleration along the anteroposterior axis (p < 0.001). Moreover, higher walking speed also resulted in increased sample entropy along all measurement axes (p < 0.05). When walking while texting, the maximum Lyapunov exponent increased along the anteroposterior and vertical measurement axes (p < 0.05), while sample entropy decreased significantly along the vertical axis (p < 0.001). Walking speed and mobile phone use both affect the walking dynamics of young adults. Walking while texting appears to produce a reduction in local dynamic stability and an increase in regularity, however, caution is required when interpreting the extent of this task effect, since walking speed also affected walking dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Crowley
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark. .,University of Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France. .,The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nicolas Vuillerme
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,University of Grenoble Alpes, AGEIS, Grenoble, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.,LabCom Telecom4Health, University of Grenoble Alpes and Orange Labs, Grenoble, France
| | - Afshin Samani
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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14
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Janshen L, Santuz A, Ekizos A, Arampatzis A. Fuzziness of muscle synergies in patients with multiple sclerosis indicates increased robustness of motor control during walking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7249. [PMID: 32350313 PMCID: PMC7190675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficits during gait poses a significant threat to the quality of life in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Using the muscle synergy concept, we investigated the modular organization of the neuromuscular control during walking in MS patients compared to healthy participants (HP). We hypothesized a widening and increased fuzziness of motor primitives (e.g. increased overlap intervals) in MS patients compared to HP allowing the motor system to increase robustness during walking. We analysed temporal gait parameters, local dynamic stability and muscle synergies from myoelectric signals of 13 ipsilateral leg muscles using non-negative matrix factorization. Compared to HP, MS patients showed a significant decrease in the local dynamic stability of walking during both, preferred and fixed (0.7 m/s) speed. MS patients demonstrated changes in time-dependent activation patterns (motor primitives) and alterations of the relative muscle contribution to the specific synergies (motor modules). We specifically found a widening in three out of four motor primitives during preferred speed and in two out of four during fixed speed in MS patients compared to HP. The widening increased the fuzziness of motor control in MS patients, which allows the motor system to increase its robustness when coping with pathology-related motor deficits during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Janshen
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, 10115, Germany.
| | - Alessandro Santuz
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, 10115, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Antonis Ekizos
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, 10115, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, 10115, Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, 10115, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, Berlin, 10115, Germany
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15
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Hardware/Software Co-design of Fractal Features based Fall Detection System. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20082322. [PMID: 32325712 PMCID: PMC7219672 DOI: 10.3390/s20082322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Falls are a leading cause of death in older adults and result in high levels of mortality, morbidity and immobility. Fall Detection Systems (FDS) are imperative for timely medical aid and have been known to reduce death rate by 80%. We propose a novel wearable sensor FDS which exploits fractal dynamics of fall accelerometer signals. Fractal dynamics can be used as an irregularity measure of signals and our work shows that it is a key discriminant for classification of falls from other activities of life. We design, implement and evaluate a hardware feature accelerator for computation of fractal features through multi-level wavelet transform on a reconfigurable embedded System on Chip, Zynq device for evaluating wearable accelerometer sensors. The proposed FDS utilises a hardware/software co-design approach with hardware accelerator for fractal features and software implementation of Linear Discriminant Analysis on an embedded ARM core for high accuracy and energy efficiency. The proposed system achieves 99.38% fall detection accuracy, 7.3× speed-up and 6.53× improvements in power consumption, compared to the software only execution with an overall performance per Watt advantage of 47.6×, while consuming low reconfigurable resources at 28.67%.
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16
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Cofré Lizama LE, Bruijn SM, Galea MP. Gait stability at early stages of multiple sclerosis using different data sources. Gait Posture 2020; 77:214-217. [PMID: 32058286 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People at early stages of multiple sclerosis have subtle balance problems that may affect gait stability. However, differences in methods of determining stability such as sensor type and placements, may lead to different results and affect their interpretation when comparing to controls and other studies. QUESTIONS Do people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) exhibit lower gait stability? Do location and type of data used to calculate stability metrics affect comparisons? METHODS 30 PwMS with no walking impairments as clinically measured and 15 healthy controls walked on a treadmill at 1.2 ms-1 while 3D acceleration data was obtained from sacrum, shoulder and cervical markers and from an accelerometer placed at the sacrum. The local divergence exponent was calculated for the four data sources. An ANOVA with group (multiple sclerosis and control) and data source as main factors was used to determine the effect of disease, data source and their interaction on stability metrics. RESULTS PwMS walked with significantly less stability according to all sensors (no interaction). A significant effect of data source on stability was also found, indicating that the local divergence exponent derived from sacrum accelerometer was lower than that derived from the other 3 sensor locations. SIGNIFICANCE PwMS with no evident gait impairments are less stable than healthy controls when walking on a treadmill. Although different data sources can be used to determine MS-related stability deterioration, a consensus about location and data source is needed. The local divergence exponent can be a useful measure of progression of gait instability at early stages of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eduardo Cofré Lizama
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre (ARRC), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia.
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mary P Galea
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), University of Melbourne, Australia; Australian Rehabilitation Research Centre (ARRC), Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia; Department of Rehabiliation Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Australia
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17
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Terrier P. Complexity of human walking: the attractor complexity index is sensitive to gait synchronization with visual and auditory cues. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7417. [PMID: 31396452 PMCID: PMC6679905 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During steady walking, gait parameters fluctuate from one stride to another with complex fractal patterns and long-range statistical persistence. When a metronome is used to pace the gait (sensorimotor synchronization), long-range persistence is replaced by stochastic oscillations (anti-persistence). Fractal patterns present in gait fluctuations are most often analyzed using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). This method requires the use of a discrete times series, such as intervals between consecutive heel strikes, as an input. Recently, a new nonlinear method, the attractor complexity index (ACI), has been shown to respond to complexity changes like DFA, while being computed from continuous signals without preliminary discretization. Its use would facilitate complexity analysis from a larger variety of gait measures, such as body accelerations. The aim of this study was to further compare DFA and ACI in a treadmill experiment that induced complexity changes through sensorimotor synchronization. Methods Thirty-six healthy adults walked 30 min on an instrumented treadmill under three conditions: no cueing, auditory cueing (metronome walking), and visual cueing (stepping stones). The center-of-pressure trajectory was discretized into time series of gait parameters, after which a complexity index (scaling exponent alpha) was computed via DFA. Continuous pressure position signals were used to compute the ACI. Correlations between ACI and DFA were then analyzed. The predictive ability of DFA and ACI to differentiate between cueing and no-cueing conditions was assessed using regularized logistic regressions and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results DFA and ACI were both significantly different among the cueing conditions. DFA and ACI were correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.86). Logistic regressions showed that DFA and ACI could differentiate between cueing/no cueing conditions with a high degree of confidence (AUC = 1.00 and 0.97, respectively). Conclusion Both DFA and ACI responded similarly to changes in cueing conditions and had comparable predictive power. This support the assumption that ACI could be used instead of DFA to assess the long-range complexity of continuous gait signals. However, future studies are needed to investigate the theoretical relationship between DFA and ACI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Terrier
- Haute Ecole Arc Santé, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,Clinique romande de réadaptation SUVA, Sion, Switzerland.,Department of Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Josiński H, Świtoński A, Michalczuk A, Grabiec P, Pawlyta M, Wojciechowski K. Assessment of Local Dynamic Stability in Gait Based on Univariate and Multivariate Time Series. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6917658. [PMID: 31428185 PMCID: PMC6683834 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6917658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability of the locomotor system to maintain continuous walking despite very small external or internal disturbances is called local dynamic stability (LDS). The importance of the LDS requires constantly working on different aspects of its assessment method which is based on the short-term largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). A state space structure is a vital aspect of the LDS assessment because the algorithm of the LLE computation for experimental data requires a reconstruction of a state space trajectory. The gait kinematic data are usually one- or three-dimensional, which enables to construct a state space based on a uni- or multivariate time series. Furthermore, two variants of the short-term LLE are present in the literature which differ in length of a time span, over which the short-term LLE is computed. Both a state space structure and the consistency of the observations based on values of both short-term LLE variants were analyzed using time series representing the joint angles at ankle, knee, and hip joints. The short-term LLE was computed for individual joints in three state spaces constructed on the basis of either univariate or multivariate time series. Each state space revealed walkers' locally unstable behavior as well as its attenuation in the current stride. The corresponding conclusions made on the basis of both short-term LLE variants were consistent in ca. 59% of cases determined by a joint and a state space. Moreover, the authors present an algorithm for estimation of the embedding dimension in the case of a multivariate gait time series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Josiński
- Institute of Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adam Świtoński
- Institute of Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Michalczuk
- Institute of Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Grabiec
- Centre for Research and Development, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, Aleja Legionów 2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pawlyta
- Centre for Research and Development, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, Aleja Legionów 2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
| | - Konrad Wojciechowski
- Centre for Research and Development, Polish-Japanese Academy of Information Technology, Aleja Legionów 2, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
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19
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Tajali S, Mehravar M, Negahban H, van Dieën JH, Shaterzadeh-Yazdi MJ, Mofateh R. Impaired local dynamic stability during treadmill walking predicts future falls in patients with multiple sclerosis: A prospective cohort study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 67:197-201. [PMID: 31234121 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falling is a significant problem in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and the majority of falls occur during dynamic activities. Recently, there have been evidences focusing on falls and local stability of walking based on dynamic system theory in the elderly as well as patients with cerebral concussion. However, in patient with MS, this relationship has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate local stability of walking as a risk factor for falling in patients with MS. METHODS Seventy patients were assessed while walking at their preferred speed on a treadmill under single and dual task conditions. A cognitive task (backward counting) was used to assess the importance of dual tasking to fall risk. Trunk kinematics were collected using a cluster marker over the level of T7 and a 7-camera motion capture system. To quantify local stability of walking, maximal finite-time Lyapunov exponent was calculated from a 12-dimensional state space reconstruction based on 3-dimensional trunk linear and angular velocity time series. Participants were classified as fallers (≥1) and non-fallers based on their prospective fall occurrence. FINDINGS 30 (43%) participants recorded ≥1 falls and were classified as fallers. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that short-term local dynamic stability in the single task condition (P<0.05, odds ratio=2.214 (1.037-4.726)) was the significant fall predictor. INTERPRETATION The results may indicate that the assessment of local stability of walking can identify patients who would benefit from gait retraining and fall prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Tajali
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehravar
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Hossein Negahban
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Orthopedic Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Research Institute MOVE, VU University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Razieh Mofateh
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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20
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Santuz A, Akay T, Mayer WP, Wells TL, Schroll A, Arampatzis A. Modular organization of murine locomotor pattern in the presence and absence of sensory feedback from muscle spindles. J Physiol 2019; 597:3147-3165. [DOI: 10.1113/jp277515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Santuz
- Department of Training and Movement SciencesHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 10115 Berlin Germany
- Berlin School of Movement ScienceHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 10115 Berlin Germany
- Atlantic Mobility Action ProjectBrain Repair CentreDepartment of Medical NeuroscienceDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Turgay Akay
- Atlantic Mobility Action ProjectBrain Repair CentreDepartment of Medical NeuroscienceDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - William P. Mayer
- Atlantic Mobility Action ProjectBrain Repair CentreDepartment of Medical NeuroscienceDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
- Department of MorphologyFederal University of Espirito Santo Vitoria CEP 29040–090 Brazil
| | - Tyler L. Wells
- Atlantic Mobility Action ProjectBrain Repair CentreDepartment of Medical NeuroscienceDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Arno Schroll
- Department of Training and Movement SciencesHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 10115 Berlin Germany
- Berlin School of Movement ScienceHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 10115 Berlin Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement SciencesHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 10115 Berlin Germany
- Berlin School of Movement ScienceHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin 10115 Berlin Germany
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21
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de Oliveira EA, Andrade AO, Vieira MF. Linear and nonlinear measures of gait variability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2019; 46:21-27. [PMID: 30878649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess gait variability after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), as an indicative of possible altered gait pattern and a measure of recovery compared to control subjects. Forty subjects (32 male), divided into 4 groups of 10 participants, were enrolled in the study: a control group (CG), and observational groups OG-I (90 days), OG-II (180 days), and OG-III (360 days) after ACLR. All subjects underwent the same rehabilitation program for six months. For kinematic recording, each subject walked on a treadmill for 4 min at a preferred walking speed. Linear gait variability was assessed using average standard deviation (VAR) and normalized root mean square of medial-lateral (ML) trunk acceleration (RMSratio). Gait stability was assessed using the margin of stability (MoS) and local dynamic stability (LDS), and nonlinear variability was assessed using sample entropy (SEn). Compared to the CG, the VAR ML increased significantly in the OG-I group and decreased incrementally in OG-II and OG-III. MoS increased significantly in the OG-I group and tends to maintain in OG-II and OG-III, while LDS was greater in the CG and decreased incrementally in the OG groups. The SEn was higher in the OG groups than in the CG and increased in OG-II and OG-III. The results indicated that ACL reconstruction was followed by a progressive increase in stability and a progressive increase in variability over the postoperative rehabilitation period. In terms of stability and gait variability, six months of physiotherapy for rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction appears to be effective, but it is insufficient for a complete recovery as compared to healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriano O Andrade
- Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health (NIATS), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Marcus Fraga Vieira
- Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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22
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Gsell KY, Beaudette SM, Capcap IM, Brown SHM. Variations of handheld loads increase the range of motion of the lumbar spine without compromising local dynamic stability during walking. Gait Posture 2018; 66:101-106. [PMID: 30172215 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Walking is often considered a beneficial management strategy for certain populations of low back pain patients. However, little is known about how simple challenges that people often encounter, such as carrying loads in the hands, affect the low back during walking. RESEARCH QUESTION How do variations in hand loading affect arm swing, lumbar spine range of motion (ROM), and lumbar spine local dynamic stability (LDS) during walking? METHODS Sixteen young healthy participants (8 female) performed nine treadmill walking trials, each at 1.25 m/s for 3 consecutive minutes. Conditions manipulated the magnitude of hand loads (unloaded, low, high) and location of hand loads (directly in hands, in bags). Kinematic markers were used to measure sagittal plane arm swing, 3D lumbar spine ROM, and lumbar spine LDS during each trial. RESULTS Arm swing was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced as load increased directly in the hands; however, when held in bags load magnitude had no effect. Further, arm swing was significantly (p < 0.0001) lower when loads were held in bags. Lumbar flexion/extension ROM was greatest with the low load compared to both unloaded (p = 0.012) and high load (p = 0.0717) conditions, and was also greater (p < 0.0001) with loads held directly in the hands compared to loads in bags. Despite these changes in lumbar spine ROM, lumbar spine LDS was not significantly affected by any of the variations in hand loading. SIGNIFICANCE The greater lumbar spine cyclic motion, elicited by low hand loads held directly in the hands during walking, may be beneficial to the health of the low back. No changes in lumbar LDS were found, thereby suggesting that the small, likely beneficial, increases in lumbar spine ROM are well controlled by the motor control system and do not create an increased risk of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Y Gsell
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shawn M Beaudette
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ivan M Capcap
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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23
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Ekizos A, Santuz A, Schroll A, Arampatzis A. The Maximum Lyapunov Exponent During Walking and Running: Reliability Assessment of Different Marker-Sets. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1101. [PMID: 30197597 PMCID: PMC6117405 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The maximum Lyapunov exponent (MLE) has often been suggested as the prominent measure for evaluation of dynamic stability of locomotion in pathological and healthy population. Although the popularity of the MLE has increased in the last years, there is scarce information on the reliability of the method, especially during running. The purpose of the current study was, thus, to examine the reliability of the MLE during both walking and running. Sixteen participants walked and ran on a treadmill completing two measurement blocks (i.e., two trials per day for three consecutive days per block) separated by 2 months on average. Six different marker-sets on the trunk were analyzed. Intraday, interday and between blocks reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the root mean square difference (RMSD). The MLE was on average significantly higher (p < 0.001) in running (1.836 ± 0.080) compared to walking (1.386 ± 0.207). All marker-sets showed excellent ICCs (>0.90) during walking and mostly good ICCs (>0.75) during running. The RMSD ranged from 0.023 to 0.047 for walking and from 0.018 to 0.050 for running. The reliability was better when comparing MLE values between blocks (ICCs: 0.965–0.991 and 0.768–0.961; RMSD: 0.023–0.034 and 0.018–0.027 for walking and running respectively), and worse when considering trials of the same day (ICCs: 0.946–0.980 and 0.739–0.844; RMSD: 0.042–0.047 and 0.045–0.050 for walking and running respectively). Further, different marker-sets affect the reliability of the MLE in both walking and running. Our findings provide evidence that the assessment of dynamic stability using the MLE is reliable in both walking and running. More trials spread over more than 1 day should be considered in study designs with increased demands of accuracy independent of the locomotion condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Ekizos
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Santuz
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arno Schroll
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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24
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Bruyneel AV, Gafner SC, Ferrari S, Gold G, Monnin D, Terrier P, Bastiaenen CH, Allet L. Intra-rater reliability of hip abductor isometric strength testing in a standing position in older fallers and non-fallers. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2018; 15:9. [PMID: 30093923 PMCID: PMC6080561 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-018-0198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reduced hip muscle strength has been shown to be a major factor related to falls in older persons. However, comprehensive assessment of hip abduction strength in the clinical setting is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and intra-rater reliability of a quick and simple hip abductor strength test in a functional standing position. Methods Individuals over 65 years of age were recruited from the geriatric department of a university hospital and an outpatient clinic. Thirty-two older subjects, including 16 fallers (≥1 fall during the last 12 months) and 16 non-fallers were included. Maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) and rate of force generation (RFG) of the hip abductors of the right leg were evaluated in a standing position using a hand-held dynamometer. Two test-sessions were carried out. All hip strength values were normalized to participants’ weight. Reliability was determined using the intra-class correlation coefficient agreement (ICCagreement), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and a Bland and Altman analysis (BA). Results All participants completed the strength tests, which took a mean 2.47 ± 0.49 min (one limb). Intra-rater reliability was higher for MVIS (0.98[0.95–0.99]) than RFG (ICC = 0.93[0.87–0.97]) for the entire sample. In the non-fallers, ICC was 0.98[0.95–1.00] (SEM = 0.08 N.kg− 1) for MVIS and 0.88[0.75–0.96] for RFG (SEM = 1.34 N.kg-1.s-1). In the fallers, ICC was 0.94[0.89–0.98] (SEM = 0.11 N.kg− 1) for MVIS and 0.93[0.84–0.98] (SEM = 1.12 N.kg− 1.s− 1) for RFG. The BA plot showed that the MVIS and RFG values did not differ across test-sessions, showing that no learning effect occurred (no systematic effect). The mean differences between test-sessions were larger and the LOA smaller in the fallers than in the non-fallers. Conclusion Assessment of hip strength in a standing position is feasible, rapid and reliable. We therefore recommend this position for clinical practice. Future studies should investigate the diagnostic value of hip abductor strength in standing to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers, and to determine if change in strength following a falls prevention program reduces the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Violette Bruyneel
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue des Caroubiers 25, CH 1227 Carouge Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone C Gafner
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue des Caroubiers 25, CH 1227 Carouge Geneva, Switzerland.,2Department of Epidemiology, Research program Functioning and Rehabilitation, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Serge Ferrari
- 3Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Gold
- 4Department of Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Monnin
- 3Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Terrier
- 5Clinique romande de réadaptation Suva, Sion, Switzerland.,Institute for Research in Rehabilitation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Caroline H Bastiaenen
- 2Department of Epidemiology, Research program Functioning and Rehabilitation, CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,7Department of Health, School of Health Professions, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Lara Allet
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Sciences, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Rue des Caroubiers 25, CH 1227 Carouge Geneva, Switzerland.,8Department of Community Medicine, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Rodrigues FB, Magnani RM, Lehnen GC, Souza GSDSE, Andrade AO, Vieira MF. Effects of backpack load and positioning on nonlinear gait features in young adults. ERGONOMICS 2018; 61:720-728. [PMID: 29202661 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2017.1413213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Overloaded backpacks can cause changes in posture and gait dynamic balance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess gait regularity and local dynamic stability in young adults as they carried a backpack in different positions, and with different loads. Twenty-one healthy young adults participated in the study, carrying a backpack that was loaded with 10 and 20% of their body weight (BW). The participants walked on a level treadmill at their preferred walking speeds for 4 min under different conditions of backpack load and position (i.e. with backpack positioned back bilaterally, back unilaterally, frontally or without a backpack). Results indicate that backpack load and positioning significantly influence gait stability and regularity, with the exception of the 10% BW bilateral back position. Therefore, the recommended safe load for school-age children and adolescents (10% of BW) should also be considered for young adults. Practitioner summary: Increase in load results in changes in posture, muscle activity and gait parameters, so we investigated the gait adaptations related to regularity and stability. Conditions with high backpack loads significantly influenced gait stability and regularity in a position-dependent manner, except for 10% body weight bilateral back position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Barbosa Rodrigues
- a Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory , Federal University of Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Rina Marcia Magnani
- a Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory , Federal University of Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - Georgia Cristina Lehnen
- a Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory , Federal University of Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | | | - Adriano O Andrade
- b Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Centre for Innovation and Technology Assessment in Health, Postgraduate Program in Electrical and Biomedical Engineering , Federal University of Uberlândia , Uberlândia , Brazil
| | - Marcus Fraga Vieira
- a Bioengineering and Biomechanics Laboratory , Federal University of Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
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Hamacher D, Schley F, Hollander K, Zech A. Effects of manipulated auditory information on local dynamic gait stability. Hum Mov Sci 2018; 58:219-223. [PMID: 29486428 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Auditory information affects sensorimotor control of gait. Noise or active noise cancelling alters the perception of movement related sounds and, probably, gait stability. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of noise cancelling on gait stability. Twenty-five healthy older subjects (70 ± 6 years) were included into a randomized cross-over study. Gait stability (largest Lyapunov exponent) in normal overground walking was determined for the following hearing conditions: no manipulation and active noise cancelling. To assess differences between the two hearing conditions (no manipulation vs. active noise cancelling), Student's repeated measures t-test was used. The results indicate an improvement of gait stability when using active noise cancelling compared to normal hearing. In conclusion, our results indicate that auditory information might not be needed for a stable gait in elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hamacher
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749 Jena, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schley
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749 Jena, Germany.
| | - Karsten Hollander
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Turmweg 2, 20148 Hamburg, Germany; Department of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, BG Trauma Hospital of Hamburg, Bergedorfer Str. 10, 21033 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Astrid Zech
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Seidelstraße 20, 07749 Jena, Germany.
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Challenging human locomotion: stability and modular organisation in unsteady conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2740. [PMID: 29426876 PMCID: PMC5807318 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The need to move over uneven terrain is a daily challenge. In order to face unexpected perturbations due to changes in the morphology of the terrain, the central nervous system must flexibly modify its control strategies. We analysed the local dynamic stability and the modular organisation of muscle activation (muscle synergies) during walking and running on an even- and an uneven-surface treadmill. We hypothesized a reduced stability during uneven-surface locomotion and a reorganisation of the modular control. We found a decreased stability when switching from even- to uneven-surface locomotion (p < 0.001 in walking, p = 0.001 in running). Moreover, we observed a substantial modification of the time-dependent muscle activation patterns (motor primitives) despite a general conservation of the time-independent coefficients (motor modules). The motor primitives were considerably wider in the uneven-surface condition. Specifically, the widening was significant in both the early (+40.5%, p < 0.001) and late swing (+7.7%, p = 0.040) phase in walking and in the weight acceptance (+13.6%, p = 0.006) and propulsion (+6.0%, p = 0.041) phase in running. This widening highlighted an increased motor output’s robustness (i.e. ability to cope with errors) when dealing with the unexpected perturbations. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that humans adjust their motor control strategies’ timing to deal with unsteady locomotion.
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Ekizos A, Santuz A, Arampatzis A. Short- and long-term effects of altered point of ground reaction force application on human running energetics. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.176719. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.176719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study investigates an acute and a gradual transition of the point of force application (PFA) from the rearfoot towards the fore of the foot during running, on the rate of metabolic energy consumption. The participants were randomly assigned in two experimental and one control groups: a short-term intervention group (STI, N=17; two training sessions), a long-term intervention group (LTI, N=10; 14-week gradual transition) and a control group (CG, N=11). Data were collected at two running velocities (2.5 and 3.0 m/s). The cost coefficient (i.e. energy required for a unit of vertical ground reaction force, J/N) decreased (p<0.001) after both interventions due to a more anterior PFA during running (STI:12%, LTI:11%), but led to a higher (p<0.001) rate of force generation (STI:17%, LTI:15.2%). Dynamic stability of running showed a significant (p<0.001) decrease in the STI (2.1%), but no differences (p=0.673) in the LTI. The rate of metabolic energy consumption increased in the STI (p=0.038), but remained unchanged in the LTI (p=0.660). The control group had no changes. These results demonstrate that the cost coefficient was successfully decreased following an alteration in the running technique towards a more anterior PFA. However, the energy consumption remained unchanged because of a simultaneous increase in rate of force generation due to a decreased contact time per step. The increased instability found during the short-term intervention and its neutralization after the long-term intervention indicates a role of motor control errors in the economy of running after acute alterations in habitual running execution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Ekizos
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessandro Santuz
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adamantios Arampatzis
- Department of Training and Movement Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School of Movement Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Speedtsberg MB, Christensen SB, Stenum J, Kallemose T, Bencke J, Curtis DJ, Jensen BR. Local dynamic stability during treadmill walking can detect children with developmental coordination disorder. Gait Posture 2018; 59:99-103. [PMID: 29028627 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is an innate impairment of motor coordination that affects basic locomotion and balance. This study investigated local dynamic stability of trunk accelerations during treadmill walking as an objective evaluation of gait stability and the sensitivity and specificity of this measure to discriminate children with DCD from typically developing children. METHOD Eight children with DCD and ten age- and gender-matched typically developing children (TD) walked four minutes on a treadmill. Trunk accelerations in vertical, medio-lateral and anterior-posterior directions were recorded with a sternum mounted accelerometer at 256Hz. Short term local dynamic stability (λs), root mean square (RMS) and relative root mean square (RMSR) were calculated from measures of orthogonal trunk accelerations. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to discriminate between groups based on short term local dynamic stability. RESULTS λs was significantly greater in children with DCD in the main movement direction (AP) (DCD: 1.69±0.17 λs; TD:1.41±0.17 λs; p=0.005), indicating reduced local dynamic stability. RMS and RMSR accelerations showed no difference between children with DCD and TD children in any direction. The ROC analysis of λs in separate directions and in two dimensions showed an excellent accuracy of discriminating between children with DCD and TD children. Anterior-posterior direction in combination with medio-lateral or vertical showed best performance with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91. CONCLUSION We have shown that children with developmental coordination disorder have general reduced local dynamic stability and that the short term Lyapunov exponent has good power of discrimination between DCD and TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete B Speedtsberg
- Laboratory of Human Movement Analysis, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab., Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sofie B Christensen
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab., Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Stenum
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab., Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Locomotion Neuromechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Kallemose
- Clinical Orthopaedic Research Hvidovre, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bencke
- Laboratory of Human Movement Analysis, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Derek J Curtis
- Laboratory of Human Movement Analysis, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Metropolitan University College, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente R Jensen
- Biomechanics and Motor Control Lab., Integrated Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Reynard F, Terrier P. Determinants of gait stability while walking on a treadmill: A machine learning approach. J Biomech 2017; 65:212-215. [PMID: 29100597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic balance in human locomotion can be assessed through the local dynamic stability (LDS) method. Whereas gait LDS has been used successfully in many settings and applications, little is known about its sensitivity to individual characteristics of healthy adults. Therefore, we reanalyzed a large dataset of accelerometric data measured for 100 healthy adults from 20 to 70 years of age performing 10 min treadmill walking. We sought to assess the extent to which the variations of age, body mass and height, sex, and preferred walking speed (PWS) could influence gait LDS. The random forest (RF) and multiple adaptive regression splines (MARS) algorithms were selected for their good bias-variance tradeoff and their capabilities to handle nonlinear associations. First, through variable importance measure (VIM), we used RF to evaluate which individual characteristics had the highest influence on gait LDS. Second, we used MARS to detect potential interactions among individual characteristics that may influence LDS. The VIM and MARS results indicated that PWS and age correlated with LDS, whereas no associations were found for sex, body height, and body mass. Further, the MARS model detected an age by PWS interaction: on one hand, at high PWS, gait stability is constant across age while, on the other hand, at low PWS, gait instability increases substantially with age. We conclude that it is advisable to consider the participants' age as well as their PWS to avoid potential biases in evaluating dynamic balance through LDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippe Terrier
- Clinique romande de réadaptation SUVACare, Sion, Switzerland; IRR, Institute for Research in Rehabilitation, Sion, Switzerland.
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Wollesen B, Mattes K, Rönnfeldt J. Influence of age, gender and test conditions on the reproducibility of Dual-Task walking performance. Aging Clin Exp Res 2017; 29:761-769. [PMID: 27838829 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-016-0664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The review of methodological problems (confounding factors) of gait analysis in intervention studies with seniors is underrepresented. AIM This study focusses on two common problems of gait analysis under single-task (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions (visual verbal Stroop test): (1) reproducibility of walking variables and (2) the effects of gait velocity, gender and age on peak plantar pressure to identify confounding effects on relevant outcome parameters. METHODS The participants (N = 86, 71.9 ± 4.6 years) were divided into a (1) reproducibility (n = 28) and an (2) outcome parameter group (n = 58). Gait kinematics (step length; cadence) and kinetics (peak plantar pressure under heel, midfoot and forefoot) were analyzed walking barefoot on a treadmill (100 Hz) at self-selected speed for the reproducibility and at two different speeds (v = 3.5; 4.5 km/h) for outcome parameters. ICC analysis combined with the repeatability coefficient and SEM calculation, an ANOVA with repeated measurements and determination of effect sizes (η p2 ) as well as a partial correlation analyses with body mass were done. RESULTS The reproducibility of the walking variables under ST and DT conditions was excellent with ICC values of .67 to .99. The SEM and CR results as presented in Table 2 support these findings for some of the parameters. DISCUSSION Plantar pressure values were influenced by gait velocity but less by age and gender. For DT walking the differences between preferred and fixed gait speed have to be controlled to assign the DT effects. CONCLUSION Effects of intervention studies should be carefully interpreted regarding the absolute reproducibility.
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Transition from shod to barefoot alters dynamic stability during running. Gait Posture 2017; 56:31-36. [PMID: 28482203 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Barefoot running recently received increased attention, with controversial results regarding its effects on injury risk and performance. Numerous studies examined the kinetic and kinematic changes between the shod and the barefoot condition. Intrinsic parameters such as the local dynamic stability could provide new insight regarding neuromuscular control when immediately transitioning from one running condition to the other. We investigated the local dynamic stability during the change from shod to barefoot running. We further measured biomechanical parameters to examine the mechanisms governing this transition. METHODS Twenty habitually shod, young and healthy participants ran on a pressure plate-equipped treadmill and alternated between shod and barefoot running. We calculated the largest Lyapunov exponents as a measure of errors in the control of the movement. Biomechanical parameters were also collected. RESULTS Local dynamic stability decreased significantly (d=0.41; 2.1%) during barefoot running indicating worse control over the movement. We measured higher cadence (d=0.35; 2.2%) and total flight time (d=0.58; 19%), lower total contact time (d=0.58; -5%), total vertical displacement (d=0.39; -4%), and vertical impulse (d=1.32; 11%) over the two minutes when running barefoot. The strike index changed significantly (d=1.29; 237%) towards the front of the foot. CONCLUSIONS Immediate transition from shod to the barefoot condition resulted in an increased instability and indicates a worst control over the movement. The increased instability was associated with biomechanical changes (i.e. foot strike patterns) of the participants in the barefoot condition. Possible reasons why this instability arises, might be traced in the stance phase and particularly in the push-off. The decreased stability might affect injury risk and performance.
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Gafner S, Bastiaenen CHG, Terrier P, Punt I, Ferrari S, Gold G, de Bie R, Allet L. Evaluation of hip abductor and adductor strength in the elderly: a reliability study. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2017; 14:5. [PMID: 28450961 PMCID: PMC5404282 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-017-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In elderly individuals an increased muscle strength contributes to the diminution of the falls risk and associated adverse events. An increasing interest in lateral control exists due to the fatal consequences of postero-lateral falls. Therefore a proper assessment of frontal plane hip muscle strength in elderly is important but remains challenging. Therefore we aimed to investigate the feasibility and repeatability of a hip abductor and adductor maximum voluntary isometric strength (MVIS) and rate of force generation (RFG) test in elderly. This represents an initial step in the development process of a new and clinically relevant test that could lead to more specific treatment protocols for this population. METHODS In this measurement focused study hip abduction (ABD) and adduction (ADD) MVIS and RFG were tested twice within one to three hours with a dynamometer fixed to a custom made frame in a geriatric population including fallers and non-fallers. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCagreement), standard error of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable difference (SDD) were determined. RESULTS All recruited persons (N = 76; mean age (SD) 80.46 (7.05) years old) completed the tests. The average time needed to complete the strength tests was 10.58 min. (1.56) per muscle group. The reliability of the hip ABD and ADD was high with ICC'sagreement ranging from 0.83 to 0.97. The SDD varied between 18.1 and 81.8% depending on the muscle group and type of strength that was evaluated. CONCLUSION Hip abductor and adductor strength measures in older person are feasible and reliable. However, the significance of moderate changes in these measurements may be limited by the large SDD and SEM. Therefore, physical therapist should be careful when using this measure for assessing the progress of an individual person in a daily clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gafner
- Department of Physiotherapy, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Research program Functioning and Rehabilitation CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline H. G. Bastiaenen
- Department of Epidemiology, Research program Functioning and Rehabilitation CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Terrier
- Clinique romande de réadaptation SUVACare, Sion, Switzerland
- Institute for Research in Rehabilitation, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Punt
- Department of Physiotherapy, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Serge Ferrari
- Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Gold
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatric University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rob de Bie
- Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lara Allet
- Department of Physiotherapy, HES-SO//University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Community Medicine, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Terrier P, Le Carre J, Connaissa ML, Leger B, Luthi F. Monitoring of Gait Quality in Patients With Chronic Pain of Lower Limbs. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:1843-1852. [PMID: 28368823 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2017.2688485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Severe injuries of lower extremities often lead to chronic pain and reduced walking abilities. We postulated that measuring free-living gait can provide further information about walking ability in complement to clinical evaluations. We sought to validate a method that characterizes free gaits with a wearable sensor. Over one week, 81 healthy controls (HC) and 66 chronic lower limb pain patients (CLLPP) hospitalized for multidisciplinary rehabilitation wore a simple accelerometer (Actigraph). In the acceleration signals, steady 1-min walks detected numbered 7,835 (5,085 in CLLPP and 2,750 in HC). Five gait quality measures were assessed: movement intensity, cadence, stride regularity, and short-term and long-term local dynamic stability. Gait quality variables differed significantly between CLLPP and HC (4%-26%). Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed moderate to high repeatability (0.71-0.91), which suggests that seven days of measurement are sufficient to assess average gait patterns. Regression analyses showed significant association (R2 = 0.44) between the gait quality variables and a clinical evaluation of walking ability, i.e., the 6-min walk test. Overall, the results show that the method is easy to implement, valid (high concurrent validity), and reliable to assess walking abilities ecologically.
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Vieira MF, Rodrigues FB, de Sá e Souza GS, Magnani RM, Lehnen GC, Andrade AO. Linear and Nonlinear Gait Features in Older Adults Walking on Inclined Surfaces at Different Speeds. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1560-1571. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gait stability, variability and complexity on inclined surfaces. J Biomech 2017; 54:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Vieira MF, de Sá e Souza GS, Lehnen GC, Rodrigues FB, Andrade AO. Effects of general fatigue induced by incremental maximal exercise test on gait stability and variability of healthy young subjects. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2016; 30:161-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Southwell DJ, Hills NF, McLean L, Graham RB. The acute effects of targeted abdominal muscle activation training on spine stability and neuromuscular control. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2016; 13:19. [PMID: 26922079 PMCID: PMC4769829 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-016-0126-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted activation of the transversus abdominis (TrA) muscle through the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) is a frequently prescribed exercise for the prevention and rehabilitation of low back pain. However, there is still debate over the role the ADIM plays in maintaining a stable spine during movement. Thus, a single cohort pre/post-intervention protocol was used to examine whether 5 min of ADIM training prior to a dynamic movement task alters dynamic spine stability and control. Methods Thirteen healthy participants performed a repetitive spine flexion task twice, once before and once after they received biofeedback training on how to correctly perform the ADIM in standing. Abdominal and back muscle activation (indwelling and surface electromyography, EMG) and 3D kinematic data were recorded during all trials. EMG activation (percent maximum) and local dynamic stability of spine movement [maximum finite-time Lyapunov exponent (λmax)] were compared before and after the training using Friedman’s rank test and repeated-measures ANOVA, respectively. To assess the moderating effects of absolute changes in EMG (∆EMG) of each muscle after training on changes in stability, the ∆EMG (peak and mean) were added to the ANOVA as separate covariates (ANCOVA). Results Following ADIM training, there were greater peak and mean levels of activation in all tested abdominal muscles, including TrA, (p < 0.05), but not in the back muscles. The ANOVA showed no significant change in λmax following training (p = 0.633). However, after considering the moderating effects of the ∆EMG seen in each muscle with training, it was found that only changes in TrA EMG significantly influenced stability. The ANCOVA revealed a significant main effect of training on stability as well as a significant interaction effect between training and ∆EMG recorded from TrA (p < 0.05); those with larger increases in TrA activation demonstrated larger improvements in stability. Conclusion As a group, 5 min of ADIM training did not change spine stability during dynamic movement. However, those who were most successful in improving TrA activation with a 5-min ADIM training session showed the greatest improvements in local dynamic spine stability after training. As such, dynamic spine stability in some individuals may benefit from ADIM training. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12984-016-0126-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Southwell
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, Box 5002, North Bay, ON, P1B 8L7, Canada.
| | - Nicole F Hills
- School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, 31 George Street, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Linda McLean
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Ryan B Graham
- School of Physical and Health Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, Box 5002, North Bay, ON, P1B 8L7, Canada. .,School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, 125 University Private, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Local Stability of the Trunk in Patients with Degenerative Cerebellar Ataxia During Walking. THE CEREBELLUM 2016; 16:26-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-016-0760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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40
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Towards the assessment of local dynamic stability of level-grounded walking in an older population. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:1152-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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41
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Mavor MP, Graham RB. Exploring the relationship between local and global dynamic trunk stabilities during repetitive lifting tasks. J Biomech 2015; 48:3955-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Laffont I, Jourdan C, Coroian F, Blain H, Carre V, Viollet E, Tavares I, Fattal C, Gelis A, Nouvel F, Bakhti K, Cros V, Patte K, Schifano L, Porte M, Galano E, Dray G, Fouletier M, Rivier F, Morales R, Labauge P, Camu W, Combe B, Morel J, Froger J, Coulet B, Cottalorda J, Kouyoumdjian P, Jonquet O, Landreau L, Bonnin HY, Hantkié O, Nicolas P, Enjalbert M, Leblond C, Soua B, Coignard P, Guiraud D, Azevedo C, Mottet D, Fraisse P, Pastor E, Mercier J, Bourret R, Bousquet J, Pélissier J, Bardy B, Herisson C, Dupeyron A. [Living Lab MACVIA. Disability]. Presse Med 2015; 44 Suppl 1:S60-9. [PMID: 26482491 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- I Laffont
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France; Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - C Jourdan
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - F Coroian
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France; Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - H Blain
- Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CHRU de Montpellier, département de gériatrie, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - V Carre
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - E Viollet
- CHU de Nîmes, hôpital Carémeau et du Grau du Roi, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 30029 Nîmes, France; CHU Carémeau, CEDMH, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - I Tavares
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - C Fattal
- Association APPROCHE, CMRRF de Kerpape, BP 78, 56275 Ploemeur cedex, France
| | - A Gelis
- Centre Mutualiste Propara, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - F Nouvel
- CHU Carémeau, CEDMH, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - K Bakhti
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France; Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - V Cros
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - K Patte
- Institut Marin Saint-Pierre, 34250 Palavas les Flots, France
| | - L Schifano
- Institut Marin Saint-Pierre, 34250 Palavas les Flots, France
| | - M Porte
- CHU de Nîmes, hôpital Carémeau et du Grau du Roi, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - E Galano
- CHU de Nîmes, hôpital Carémeau et du Grau du Roi, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - G Dray
- École des Mines d'Alès, 30100 Alès, France
| | | | - F Rivier
- CHU de Montpellier, centre de référence Grand Sud des maladies neuromusculaires, département de neuropédiatrie, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - R Morales
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de neurologie, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - P Labauge
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de neurologie, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - W Camu
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de neurologie, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - B Combe
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de rhumatologie, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - J Morel
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de rhumatologie, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - J Froger
- Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CHU de Nîmes, hôpital Carémeau et du Grau du Roi, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - B Coulet
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de chirurgie orthopédique, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - J Cottalorda
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de chirurgie orthopédique et plastique infantile, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - P Kouyoumdjian
- CHU Carémeau, département de chirurgie orthopédique, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - O Jonquet
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de réanimation, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - L Landreau
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de réanimation, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - H-Y Bonnin
- Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CHU de Nîmes, hôpital Carémeau et du Grau du Roi, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - O Hantkié
- Centre Bourgès, groupe Oc Santé, 34173 Castelneau-le-lez cedex, France
| | - P Nicolas
- Centre Bourgès, groupe Oc Santé, 34173 Castelneau-le-lez cedex, France
| | - M Enjalbert
- Centre Bouffard-Vercelli, 66290 Cerbère, France; Association APPROCHE, CMRRF de Kerpape, BP 78, 56275 Ploemeur cedex, France
| | - C Leblond
- Centre Bouffard-Vercelli, 66290 Cerbère, France
| | - B Soua
- Association ADAGES, Les Fontaines d'Ô, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - P Coignard
- Association APPROCHE, CMRRF de Kerpape, BP 78, 56275 Ploemeur cedex, France
| | - D Guiraud
- Université de Montpellier, laboratoire d'informatique, de robotique et de microélectronique de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique, LIRMM, université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - C Azevedo
- Université de Montpellier, laboratoire d'informatique, de robotique et de microélectronique de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique, LIRMM, université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - D Mottet
- Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - P Fraisse
- Université de Montpellier, laboratoire d'informatique, de robotique et de microélectronique de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - E Pastor
- CCAS de Lattes, 34970 Lattes, France
| | - J Mercier
- CHRU de Montpellier, U1046 Inserm, université Montpellier 1, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - R Bourret
- CHRU de Montpellier, Direction générale, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - J Pélissier
- Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CHU de Nîmes, hôpital Carémeau et du Grau du Roi, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 30029 Nîmes, France
| | - B Bardy
- Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Herisson
- CHRU de Montpellier, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 34090 Montpellier, France; Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A Dupeyron
- Movement to Health (M2H), Euromov, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CHU de Nîmes, hôpital Carémeau et du Grau du Roi, département de médecine physique et de réadaptation, 30029 Nîmes, France; CHU Carémeau, CEDMH, 30029 Nîmes, France
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van den Hoorn W, Hug F, Hodges PW, Bruijn SM, van Dieën JH. Effects of noxious stimulation to the back or calf muscles on gait stability. J Biomech 2015; 48:4109-4115. [PMID: 26602375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Gait stability is the ability to deal with small perturbations that naturally occur during walking. Changes in motor control caused by pain could affect this ability. This study investigated whether nociceptive stimulation (hypertonic saline injection) in a low back (LBP) or calf (CalfP) muscle affects gait stability. Sixteen participants walked on a treadmill at 0.94ms(-1) and 1.67ms(-1), while thorax kinematics were recorded using 3D-motion capture. From 110 strides, stability (local divergence exponent, LDE), stride-to-stride variability and root mean squares (RMS) of thorax linear velocities were calculated along the three movement axes. At 0.94ms(-1), independent of movement axes, gait stability was lower (higher LDE) and stride-to-stride variability was higher, during LBP and CalfP than no pain. This was more pronounced during CalfP, likely explained by the biomechanical function of calf muscles in gait, as supported by greater mediolateral RMS and stance time asymmetry than in LBP and no pain. At 1.67ms(-1), independent of movement axes, gait stability was greater and stride-to-stride variability was smaller with LBP than no pain and CalfP, whereas CalfP was not different from no pain. Opposite effects of LBP on gait stability between speeds suggests a more protective strategy at the faster speed. Although mediolateral RMS was greater and participants had more asymmetric stance times with CalfP than LBP and no pain, limited effect of CalfP at the faster speed could relate to greater kinematic constraints and smaller effects of calf muscle activity on propulsion at this speed. In conclusion, pain effects on gait stability depend on pain location and walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolbert van den Hoorn
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - François Hug
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; University of Nantes, Laboratory "Motricité, Interactions, Performance" (EA 4334), Nantes, France
| | - Paul W Hodges
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, School of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Jaap H van Dieën
- MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Department of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Gsell KY, Beaudette SM, Graham RB, Brown SHM. The effect of different ranges of motion on local dynamic stability of the elbow during unloaded repetitive flexion-extension movements. Hum Mov Sci 2015; 42:193-202. [PMID: 26048713 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Local dynamic stability (LDS) of movement is controlled primarily by active muscles, and is known to be influenced by factors such as movement speed and inertial load. Other factors such as muscle length, the length of the target trajectory, and the resistance of passive tissues through ranges of motion (ROM) may also influence LDS. This study was designed to examine the effect of ROM, which impacts each of the aforementioned factors, on LDS of the elbow. 16 participants performed 30 unloaded, repetitive, flexion-extension movements of the elbow with varying (1) angular displacement magnitudes: 40° and 80°; (2) locations of ROM: mid-range, flexion end-range, extension end-range; and (3) rotated positions of the forearm: pronated and supinated. LDS was calculated using a finite time Lyapunov analysis of angular elbow flexion-extension kinematic data. EMG-based muscle activation and co-contraction data were also examined for possible mechanisms of stabilization. Results showed no changes in LDS with any movement condition; however, there were significant effects on muscle activation with ROM location and forearm rotated position. This suggests that a consistent level of LDS of the elbow through varying ROMs is maintained, at least in part, by the active control of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Y Gsell
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shawn M Beaudette
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ryan B Graham
- School of Physical & Health Education, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON P1B 8L7, Canada
| | - Stephen H M Brown
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Effect of age on the variability and stability of gait: a cross-sectional treadmill study in healthy individuals between 20 and 69 years of age. Gait Posture 2015; 41:170-4. [PMID: 25455699 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Falls during walking are a major health issue in the elderly population. Older individuals are usually more cautious, walk more slowly, take shorter steps, and exhibit increased step-to-step variability. They often have impaired dynamic balance, which explains their increased falling risk. Those locomotor characteristics might be the result of the neurological/musculoskeletal degenerative processes typical of advanced age or of a decline that began earlier in life. In order to help determine between the two possibilities, we analyzed the relationship between age and gait features among 100 individuals aged 20-69. Trunk acceleration was measured during a 5-min treadmill session using a 3D accelerometer. The following dependent variables were assessed: preferred walking speed, walk ratio (step length normalized by step frequency), gait instability (local dynamic stability, Lyapunov exponent method), and acceleration variability (root mean square [RMS]). Using age as a predictor, linear regressions were performed for each dependent variable. The results indicated that walking speed, walk ratio and trunk acceleration variability were not dependent on age (R(2)<2%). However, there was a significant quadratic association between age and gait instability in the mediolateral direction (R(2)=15%). We concluded that most of the typical gait features of older age do not result from a slow evolution over the life course. On the other hand, gait instability likely begins to increase at an accelerated rate as early as age 40-50. This finding supports the premise that local dynamic stability is likely a relevant early indicator of falling risk.
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The effect of walking speed on local dynamic stability is sensitive to calculation methods. J Biomech 2014; 47:3776-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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