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Yamazaki H, Shimizu M. Species Specificity and Selection of Models for Drug Oxidations Mediated by Polymorphic Human Enzymes. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:123-129. [PMID: 35772770 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drug oxygenations are mainly mediated by polymorphic cytochromes P450 (P450s) and also by flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs). More than 50 years of research on P450/FMO-mediated drug oxygenations have clarified their catalytic roles. The natural product coumarin causes hepatotoxicity in rats via the reactive coumarin 3,4-epoxide, a reaction catalyzed by P450 1A2; however, coumarin undergoes rapid 7-hydroxylation by polymorphic P450 2A6 in humans. The primary oxidation product of the teratogen thalidomide in rats is deactivated 5'-hydroxythalidomide plus sulfate and glucuronide conjugates; however, similar 5'-hydroxythalidomide and 5-hydroxythalidomide are formed in rabbits in vivo. Thalidomide causes human P450 3A enzyme induction in liver (and placenta) and is also activated in vitro and in vivo by P450 3A through the primary human metabolite 5-hydroxythalidomide (leading to conjugation with glutathione/nonspecific proteins). Species differences exist in terms of drug metabolism in rodents and humans, and such differences can be very important when determining the contributions of individual enzymes. The approaches used for investigating the roles of human P450 and FMO enzymes in understanding drug oxidations and clinical therapy have not yet reached maturity and still require further development. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Drug oxidations in animals and humans mediated by P450s and FMOs are important for understanding the pharmacological properties of drugs, such as the species-dependent teratogenicity of the reactive metabolites of thalidomide and the metabolism of food-derived odorous trimethylamine to non-odorous (but proatherogenic) trimethylamine N-oxide. Recognized differences exist in terms of drug metabolism between rodents, non-human primates, and humans, and such differences are important when determining individual liver enzyme contributions with substrates in in vitro and in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Holtze S, Gorshkova E, Braude S, Cellerino A, Dammann P, Hildebrandt TB, Hoeflich A, Hoffmann S, Koch P, Terzibasi Tozzini E, Skulachev M, Skulachev VP, Sahm A. Alternative Animal Models of Aging Research. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:660959. [PMID: 34079817 PMCID: PMC8166319 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.660959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most research on mechanisms of aging is being conducted in a very limited number of classical model species, i.e., laboratory mouse (Mus musculus), rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica), the common fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans). The obvious advantages of using these models are access to resources such as strains with known genetic properties, high-quality genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data, versatile experimental manipulation capabilities including well-established genome editing tools, as well as extensive experience in husbandry. However, this approach may introduce interpretation biases due to the specific characteristics of the investigated species, which may lead to inappropriate, or even false, generalization. For example, it is still unclear to what extent knowledge of aging mechanisms gained in short-lived model organisms is transferable to long-lived species such as humans. In addition, other specific adaptations favoring a long and healthy life from the immense evolutionary toolbox may be entirely missed. In this review, we summarize the specific characteristics of emerging animal models that have attracted the attention of gerontologists, we provide an overview of the available data and resources related to these models, and we summarize important insights gained from them in recent years. The models presented include short-lived ones such as killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri), long-lived ones such as primates (Callithrix jacchus, Cebus imitator, Macaca mulatta), bathyergid mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber, Fukomys spp.), bats (Myotis spp.), birds, olms (Proteus anguinus), turtles, greenland sharks, bivalves (Arctica islandica), and potentially non-aging ones such as Hydra and Planaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Holtze
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Gorshkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stan Braude
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alessandro Cellerino
- Biology Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
- Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Dammann
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas B. Hildebrandt
- Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Division Signal Transduction, Institute for Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp Koch
- Core Facility Life Science Computing, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Terzibasi Tozzini
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Maxim Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Skulachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arne Sahm
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging – Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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Matsumoto S, Uehara S, Kamimura H, Ikeda H, Maeda S, Hattori M, Nishiwaki M, Kato K, Yamazaki H. Human total clearance values and volumes of distribution of typical human cytochrome P450 2C9/19 substrates predicted by single-species allometric scaling using pharmacokinetic data sets from common marmosets genotyped for P450 2C19. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:479-493. [PMID: 33455494 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1871113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are small non-human primates that genetically lack cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9). Polymorphic marmoset CYP2C19 compensates by mediating oxidations of typical human CYP2C9/19 substrates.Twenty-four probe substrates were intravenously administered in combinations to marmosets assigned to extensive or poor metaboliser (PM) groups by CYP2C19 genotyping. Eliminations from plasma of cilomilast, phenytoin, repaglinide, tolbutamide, and S-warfarin in the CYP2C19 PM group were significantly slow; these drugs are known substrates of human CYP2C8/9/19.Human total clearance values and volumes of distribution of the 24 test compounds were extrapolated using single-species allometric scaling with experimental data from marmosets and found to be mostly comparable with the reported values.Human total clearance values and volumes of distribution of 15 of the 24 test compounds similarly extrapolated using reported data sets from cynomolgus or rhesus monkeys were comparable to the present predicted results, especially to those based on data from PM marmosets.These results suggest that single-species allometric scaling using marmosets, being small, has advantages over multiple-species-based allometry and could be applicable for pharmacokinetic predictions at the discovery stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Matsumoto
- Pharmaceutical Research Labs., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.,Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Kamimura
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan.,Business Promotion Dept., CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Tokyo Animal & Diet Dept., CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Yaotsu Breeding Center, CLEA Japan, Inc., Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Megumi Nishiwaki
- Fuji Technical Service Center, CLEA Japan, Inc.., Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kato
- Pharmaceutical Research Labs., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Yokohama, Japan
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Yamazaki H. The marmoset cytochrome P450 superfamily: Sequence/phylogenetic analyses, genomic structure, and catalytic function. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 171:113721. [PMID: 31751534 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has attracted much attention as a potentially useful primate model for preclinical testing. A total of 36 marmoset cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms in the P450 1-51 subfamilies have been identified and characterized by the application of genome analysis and molecular functional characterization. In this mini-review, we provide an overview of the genomic structures, sequence identities, and substrate selectivities of marmoset P450s compared with those of human P450s. Based on the sequence identity, phylogeny, and genomic organization of marmoset P450s, orthologous relationships were established between human and marmoset P450s. Twenty-four members of the marmoset P450 1A, 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E, 3A, 4A, and 4F subfamilies shared high degrees of homology in terms of cDNA (>89%) and amino acid sequences (>85%) with the corresponding human P450s; P450 2C76 was among the exceptions. Phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences revealed that marmoset P450s in the P450 1-51 families were located in the same clades as their human and macaque P450 homologs. This finding underlines the evolutionary closeness of marmoset P450s to their human and macaque homologs. Most marmoset P450 1-4 enzymes catalyzed the typical drug-metabolizing reactions of the corresponding human P450 homologs, except for some differences of P450 2A6 and 2B6. Consequently, it appears that the substrate specificities of enzymes in the P450 1-4 families are generally similar in marmosets and humans. The information presented here supports a better understanding of the functional characteristics of marmoset P450s and their similarities and differences with human P450s. It is hoped that this mini-review will facilitate the successful use of marmosets as primate models in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima-city, Kagoshima 890-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan.
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Uehara S, Oshio T, Nakanishi K, Tomioka E, Suzuki M, Inoue T, Uno Y, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Survey of Drug Oxidation Activities in Hepatic and Intestinal Microsomes of Individual Common Marmosets, a New Nonhuman Primate Animal Model. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:103-113. [PMID: 30280664 PMCID: PMC6635653 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666181003143312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are potentially useful nonhuman primate models for preclinical studies. Information for major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes is now available that supports the use of this primate species as an animal model for drug development. Here, we collect and provide an overview of information on the activities of common marmoset hepatic and intestinal microsomes with respect to 28 typical human P450 probe oxidations. RESULTS Marmoset P450 2D6/8-dependent R-metoprolol O-demethylation activities in hepatic microsomes were significantly correlated with those of midazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylations, testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, and progesterone 6β-hydroxylation, which are probe reactions for marmoset P450 3A4/5/90. In marmosets, the oxidation activities of hepatic microsomes and intestinal microsomes were roughly comparable for midazolam and terfenadine. Overall, multiple forms of marmoset P450 enzymes in livers and intestines had generally similar substrate recognition functionalities to those of human and/or cynomolgus monkey P450 enzymes. CONCLUSION The marmoset could be a model animal for humans with respect to the first-pass extraction of terfenadine and related substrates. These findings provide a foundation for understanding individual pharmacokinetic and toxicological results in nonhuman primates as preclinical models and will help to further support understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human P450 function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Address correspondence to this author at the Showa Pharmaceutical University, 3-3165 Higashi-Tamagawa Gakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan; Tel/Fax: +81-42-721-1406; E-mail:
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes in cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys and common marmosets in preclinical studies for humans. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:184-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Oshio T, Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset cytochrome P450 2B6, a propofol hydroxylase expressed in liver. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:265-269. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1439204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Oshio
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Center of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Oshio T, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset pulmonary cytochrome P450 2F1 oxidizes biphenyl and 7-ethoxycoumarin and hepatic human P450 substrates. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:656-662. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1354138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, Japan,
| | - Toru Oshio
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan,
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan, and
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan, and
- Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan,
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Harding JD. Genomic Tools for the Use of Nonhuman Primates in Translational Research. ILAR J 2017; 58:59-68. [PMID: 28838069 PMCID: PMC6279127 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important preclinical models for understanding the etiology of human diseases and for developing therapies and vaccines to cure or eliminate disease. Most human diseases have genetic components. Therefore, to be of maximal utility, the NHP species used for translational science should be as well characterized in regard to their genome and transcriptome as possible. This article reviews the current status of genomic information for the five NHP species used most often in translational research: rhesus macaque, cynomolgus macaque, vervet (African green) monkey, baboon, and marmoset NHP. These species have published whole genome sequences (with the exception of the baboon) and relatively well-characterized transcriptomes. Some have also been characterized in regard to specific genetic loci that are particularly related to translational concerns, such as the major histocompatability complex and the cytochrome P40 genes. Genomic resources to aid in stratifying captive populations in regard to genetic and phenotypic characteristics have been developed as an aid to enhancing reproducibility and facilitating more efficient use of animals. Taken together, the current genomic resources and numerous studies currently underway to improve them should enhance the value of NHPs as preclinical models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Harding
- John D. Harding, PhD, recently retired after several years of service at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, where he was program officer for grants funding the US National Primate Research Centers
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Tomioka E, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Functional characterization and tissue expression of marmoset cytochrome P450 2E1. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:394-397. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center; Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.; Kainan Wakayama Japan
| | - Etsuko Tomioka
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Department of marmoset research; Central Institute for Experimental Animals; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of marmoset research; Central Institute for Experimental Animals; Kawasaki Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Center; Keio University; Minato-ku Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Showa Pharmaceutical University; Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
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Uehara S, Shimizu M, Uno Y, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 in the Liver Is a Major Benzydamine and Sulindac Sulfide Oxygenase. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:497-500. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.075184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Nakanishi K, Ishii S, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset Cytochrome P450 3A4 Ortholog Expressed in Liver and Small-Intestine Tissues Efficiently Metabolizes Midazolam, Alprazolam, Nifedipine, and Testosterone. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:457-467. [PMID: 28196829 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.074898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), small New World primates, are increasingly attracting attention as potentially useful animal models for drug development. However, characterization of cytochrome P450 (P450) 3A enzymes involved in the metabolism of a wide variety of drugs has not investigated in marmosets. In this study, sequence homology, tissue distribution, and enzymatic properties of marmoset P450 3A4 ortholog, 3A5 ortholog, and 3A90 were investigated. Marmoset P450 3A forms exhibited high amino acid sequence identities (88-90%) to the human and cynomolgus monkey P450 3A orthologs and evolutionary closeness to human and cynomolgus monkey P450 3A orthologs compared with other P450 3A enzymes. Among the five marmoset tissues examined, P450 3A4 ortholog mRNA was abundant in livers and small intestines where P450 3A4 ortholog proteins were immunologically detected. Three marmoset P450 3A proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli membranes catalyzed midazolam 1'- and 4-hydroxylation, alprazolam 4-hydroxylation, nifedipine oxidation, and testosterone 6β-hydroxylation, similar to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 3A enzymes. Among the marmoset P450 3A enzymes, P450 3A4 ortholog effectively catalyzed midazolam 1'-hydroxylation, comparable to microsomes from marmoset livers and small intestines. Correlation analyses with 23 individual marmoset liver microsomes suggested contributions of P450 3A enzymes to 1'-hydroxylation of both midazolam (human P450 3A probe) and bufuralol (human P450 2D6 probe), similar to cynomolgus monkey P450 3A enzymes. These results indicated that marmoset P450 3A forms had functional characteristics roughly similar to cynomolgus monkeys and humans in terms of tissue expression patterns and catalytic activities, suggesting marmosets as suitable animal models for P450 3A-dependent drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Kazuyuki Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Sakura Ishii
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., K.N., S.I., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.), and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
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Sakai C, Iwano S, Shimizu M, Onodera J, Uchida M, Sakurada E, Yamazaki Y, Asaoka Y, Imura N, Uno Y, Murayama N, Hayashi R, Yamazaki H, Miyamoto Y. Analysis of gene expression for microminipig liver transcriptomes using parallel long-read technology and short-read sequencing. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 37:220-32. [PMID: 27214158 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The microminipig is one of the smallest minipigs that has emerged as a possible experimental animal model, because it shares many anatomical and/or physiological similarities with humans, including the coronary artery distribution in the heart, the digestive physiology, the kidney size and its structure, and so on. However, information on gene expression profiles, including those on drug-metabolizing phase I and II enzymes, in the microminipig is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify transcripts in microminipig livers and to determine gene expression profiles. De novo assembly and expression analyses of microminipig transcripts were conducted with liver samples from three male and three female microminipigs using parallel long-read and short-read sequencing technologies. After unique sequences had been automatically aligned by assembling software, the mean contig length of 50843 transcripts was 707 bp. The expression profiles of cytochrome P450 (P450) 1A2, 2C, 2E1 and 3A genes in livers in microminipigs were similar to those in humans. Liver carboxylesterase (CES) precursor, liver CES-like, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2C1-like, amine sulfotransferase (SULT)-like, N-acetyltransferases (NAT8) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) A2 genes, which are relatively unknown genes in pigs and/or humans, were expressed strongly. Furthermore, no significant gender differences were observed in the gene expression profiles of phase I enzymes, whereas UGT2B17, SULT1E1, SULT2A1, amine SULT-like, NAT8 and GSTT4 genes were different between males and females among phase II enzyme genes under the present sample conditions. These results provide a foundation for mechanistic studies and the use of microminipigs as model animals for drug development in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuka Sakai
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Iwano
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan.,Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Onodera
- Eurofins Genomics K.K., Ohta-ku, Tokyo, 143-0003, Japan
| | - Masashi Uchida
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Eri Sakurada
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yuri Yamazaki
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Asaoka
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Imura
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd, Kainan, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Hayashi
- Toxicology and Pharmacokinetics Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Laboratories, Toray Industries, Inc., Kamakura, Kanagawa, 248-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyamoto
- Pharmaceutical Clinical Research Department, Toray Industries, Inc., 1-1, Nihonbashi-muromachi 2-chome, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-8666, Japan
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14
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Uno Y, Uehara S, Yamazaki H. Utility of non-human primates in drug development: Comparison of non-human primate and human drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 121:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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15
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Xie F, Ding X, Zhang QY. An update on the role of intestinal cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug disposition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:374-383. [PMID: 27709006 PMCID: PMC5045550 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug treatment. Intestinal cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism can eliminate a large proportion of some orally administered drugs before they reach systemic circulation, while leaving the passage of other drugs unimpeded. A better understanding of the ability of intestinal P450 enzymes to metabolize various clinical drugs in both humans and preclinical animal species, including the identification of the CYP enzymes expressed, their regulation, and the relative importance of intestinal metabolism compared to hepatic metabolism, is important for improving bioavailability of current drugs and new drugs in development. Here, we briefly review the expression of drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes in the small intestine of humans and several preclinical animal species, and provide an update of the various factors or events that regulate intestinal P450 expression, including a cross talk between the liver and the intestine. We further compare various clinical and preclinical approaches for assessing the impact of intestinal drug metabolism on bioavailability, and discuss the utility of the intestinal epithelium–specific NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-null (IECN) mouse as a useful model for studying in vivo roles of intestinal P450 in the disposition of orally administered drugs.
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16
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Yasui Y, Hirakawa H, Oikawa T, Toyoshima M, Matsuzaki C, Ueno M, Mizuno N, Nagatoshi Y, Imamura T, Miyago M, Tanaka K, Mise K, Tanaka T, Mizukoshi H, Mori M, Fujita Y. Draft genome sequence of an inbred line of Chenopodium quinoa, an allotetraploid crop with great environmental adaptability and outstanding nutritional properties. DNA Res 2016; 23:535-546. [PMID: 27458999 PMCID: PMC5144677 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chenopodium quinoa Willd. (quinoa) originated from the Andean region of South America, and is a pseudocereal crop of the Amaranthaceae family. Quinoa is emerging as an important crop with the potential to contribute to food security worldwide and is considered to be an optimal food source for astronauts, due to its outstanding nutritional profile and ability to tolerate stressful environments. Furthermore, plant pathologists use quinoa as a representative diagnostic host to identify virus species. However, molecular analysis of quinoa is limited by its genetic heterogeneity due to outcrossing and its genome complexity derived from allotetraploidy. To overcome these obstacles, we established the inbred and standard quinoa accession Kd that enables rigorous molecular analysis, and presented the draft genome sequence of Kd, using an optimized combination of high-throughput next generation sequencing on the Illumina Hiseq 2500 and PacBio RS II sequencers. The de novo genome assembly contained 25 k scaffolds consisting of 1 Gbp with N50 length of 86 kbp. Based on these data, we constructed the free-access Quinoa Genome DataBase (QGDB). Thus, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying agronomically important traits of quinoa and the effect of allotetraploidy on genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yasui
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Oikawa
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Masami Toyoshima
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Mariko Ueno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mizuno
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukari Nagatoshi
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Imamura
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Manami Miyago
- Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan
| | - Kojiro Tanaka
- Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Mise
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tanaka
- Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Mizukoshi
- Technology Development Group, Actree Co., Hakusan, Ishikawa 924-0053, Japan
| | - Masashi Mori
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Function, Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan
| | - Yasunari Fujita
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
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17
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Ishii S, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset cytochrome P450 4A11, a novel arachidonic acid and lauric acid ω-hydroxylase expressed in liver and kidney tissues. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:553-561. [PMID: 27435360 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1206673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. A cDNA encoding novel cytochrome P450 (P450) 4A enzyme was cloned from marmoset livers by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the marmoset genome sequences. The amino acid sequence deduced from P450 4A11 cDNA contained consensus sequences of six substrate recognition sites and one heme-binding domain. 2. Marmoset P450 4A11, highly identical (85-88%) to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 4A enzymes, was grouped into the same cluster as cynomolgus monkey and human P450 4A enzymes by phylogenetic analysis. 3. The tissue distribution analyses by real-time RT PCR and immunoblotting demonstrated that marmoset P450 4A11 mRNA and proteins were expressed in kidneys and livers. Marmoset P450 4A11 enzyme heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli preferentially catalyzed the ω-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid and lauric acid, similar to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 4A11 enzymes. However, lauric acid ω-hydroxylation activity of marmoset P450 4A11 was low compared with those of marmoset liver microsomes. 4. These results indicated that novel marmoset P450 4A11 was also a fatty acid ω-hydroxylase expressed in kidneys and livers, with the same regioselectivity (at ω-position of fatty acid) as cynomolgus monkey and human P450 4A enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- b Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd , Kainan , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Sakura Ishii
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- c Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan , and
| | - Erika Sasaki
- c Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan , and.,d Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University , Minato-ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
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18
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Kawano M, Shimizu M, Toda A, Utoh M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Individual Differences in Metabolic Clearance of S-Warfarin Efficiently Mediated by Polymorphic Marmoset Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Livers. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 44:911-5. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Yuki Y, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. A New Marmoset P450 4F12 Enzyme Expressed in Small Intestines and Livers Efficiently Metabolizes Antihistaminic Drug Ebastine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:833-41. [PMID: 27044800 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.070367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) are attracting attention as animal models in preclinical studies for drug development. However, cytochrome P450s (P450s), major drug-metabolizing enzymes, have not been fully identified and characterized in marmosets. In this study, based on the four novel P450 4F genes found on the marmoset genome, we successfully isolated P450 4F2, 4F3B, 4F11, and 4F12 cDNAs in marmoset livers. Deduced amino acid sequences of the four marmoset P450 4F forms exhibited high sequence identities (87%-93%) to the human and cynomolgus monkey P450 4F homologs. Marmoset P450 4F3B and 4F11 mRNAs were predominantly expressed in livers, whereas marmoset P450 4F2 and 4F12 mRNAs were highly expressed in small intestines and livers. Four marmoset P450 4F proteins heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the ω-hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 In addition, marmoset P450 4F12 effectively catalyzed the hydroxylation of antiallergy drug ebastine, a human P450 2J/4F probe substrate. Ebastine hydroxylation activities by small intestine and liver microsomes from marmosets and cynomolgus monkeys showed greatly higher values than those of humans. Ebastine hydroxylation activities by marmoset and cynomolgus monkey small intestine microsomes were inhibited (approximately 60%) by anti-P450 4F antibodies, unlike human small intestine microsomes, suggesting that contribution of P450 4F enzymes for ebastine hydroxylation in the small intestine might be different between marmosets/cynomolgus monkeys and humans. These results indicated that marmoset P450 4F2, 4F3B, 4F11, and 4F12 were expressed in livers and/or small intestines and were functional in the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous compounds, similar to those of cynomolgus monkeys and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., Y.Y., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., Y.Y., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Yukako Yuki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., Y.Y., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., Y.Y., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., Y.Y., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., Y.Y., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
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20
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Okamoto E, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Marmoset cytochrome P450 2J2 mainly expressed in small intestines and livers effectively metabolizes human P450 2J2 probe substrates, astemizole and terfenadine. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:977-85. [PMID: 26899760 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1146366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a New World Monkey, has potential to be a useful animal model in preclinical studies. However, drug metabolizing properties have not been fully understood due to insufficient information on cytochrome P450 (P450), major drug metabolizing enzymes. 2. Marmoset P450 2J2 cDNA was isolated from marmoset livers. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high-sequence identity (91%) with cynomolgus monkey and human P450 2J2 enzymes. A phylogenetic tree revealed that marmoset P450 2J2 was evolutionarily closer to cynomolgus monkey and human P450 2J2 enzymes, than P450 2J forms in pigs, rabbits, rats or mice. 3. Marmoset P450 2J2 mRNA was abundantly expressed in the small intestine and liver, and to a lesser extent in the brain, lung and kidney. Immunoblot analysis also showed expression of marmoset P450 2J2 protein in the small intestine and liver. 4. Enzyme assays using marmoset P450 2J2 protein heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli indicated that marmoset P450 2J2 effectively catalyzed astemizole O-demethylation and terfenadine t-butyl hydroxylation, similar to human and cynomolgus monkey P450 2J2 enzymes. 5. These results suggest the functional characteristics of P450 2J2 enzymes are similar among marmosets, cynomolgus monkeys and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- b Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd , Kainan , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Takashi Inoue
- c Department of Applied Developmental Biology , Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan , and
| | - Eriko Okamoto
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- c Department of Applied Developmental Biology , Central Institute for Experimental Animals , Kawasaki , Japan , and.,d Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University , Minato-Ku, Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- a Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University , Machida , Tokyo , Japan
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Suzuki T, Utoh M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Caffeine 7-N-demethylation andC-8-oxidation mediated by liver microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes in common marmosets. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:573-578. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1096980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Kawano M, Shimizu M, Toda A, Utoh M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Novel Marmoset Cytochrome P450 2C19 in Livers Efficiently Metabolizes Human P450 2C9 and 2C19 Substrates, S-Warfarin, Tolbutamide, Flurbiprofen, and Omeprazole. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1408-16. [PMID: 26228688 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), a small New World monkey, has the potential for use in human drug development due to its evolutionary closeness to humans. Four novel cDNAs, encoding cytochrome P450 (P450) 2C18, 2C19, 2C58, and 2C76, were cloned from marmoset livers to characterize P450 2C molecular properties, including previously reported P450 2C8. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high sequence identities (>86%) with those of human P450 2Cs, except for marmoset P450 2C76, which has a low sequence identity (∼70%) with any human P450 2Cs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that marmoset P450 2Cs were more closely clustered with those of humans and macaques than other species investigated. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that all of the marmoset P450 2C mRNAs were predominantly expressed in liver as opposed to the other tissues tested. Marmoset P450 2C proteins were detected in liver by immunoblotting using antibodies against human P450 2Cs. Among marmoset P450 2Cs heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, marmoset P450 2C19 efficiently catalyzed human P450 2C substrates, S-warfarin, diclofenac, tolbutamide, flurbiprofen, and omeprazole. Marmoset P450 2C19 had high Vmax and low Km values for S-warfarin 7-hydroxylation that were comparable to those in human liver microsomes, indicating warfarin stereoselectivity similar to findings in humans. Faster in vivo S-warfarin clearance than R-warfarin after intravenous administration of racemic warfarin (0.2 mg/kg) to marmosets was consistent with the in vitro kinetic parameters. These results indicated that marmoset P450 2C enzymes had functional characteristics similar to those of humans, and that P450 2C-dependent metabolic properties are likewise similar between marmosets and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Mirai Kawano
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Akiko Toda
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Masahiro Utoh
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., M.K., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U., A.T., M.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology (T.I.) and Center of Applied Developmental Biology (E.S.), Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
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Uehara S, Inoue T, Utoh M, Toda A, Shimizu M, Uno Y, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Simultaneous pharmacokinetics evaluation of human cytochrome P450 probes, caffeine, warfarin, omeprazole, metoprolol and midazolam, in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Xenobiotica 2015; 46:163-8. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1057270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Substrate Selectivities and Catalytic Activities of Marmoset Liver Cytochrome P450 2A6 Differed from Those of Human P450 2A6. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:969-76. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Uehara S, Uno Y, Inoue T, Murayama N, Shimizu M, Sasaki E, Yamazaki H. Activation and deactivation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine by cytochrome P450 enzymes and flavin-containing monooxygenases in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:735-42. [PMID: 25735838 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential proneurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induces Parkinson-like syndromes in common marmosets, other primates, and humans. MPTP is metabolically activated to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ions (MPDP(+) and MPP(+), respectively) by desaturation reactions. MPTP is deactivated to 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (PTP) by N-demethylation and is also deactivated to MPTP N-oxide. The roles of cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) in the oxidative metabolism of MPTP-treated marmosets are not yet fully clarified. This study aimed to elucidate P450- and FMO-dependent MPTP metabolism in marmoset liver and brain. Rates of MPTP N-oxygenation in liver microsomes were similar to those in brain microsomes from 11 individual marmosets (substrate concentration, 50 μM) and were correlated with rates of benzydamine N-oxygenation (r = 0.75, P < 0.05); the reactions were inhibited by methimazole (10 μM). MPTP N-oxygenation was efficiently mediated by recombinantly expressed marmoset FMO3. Rates of PTP formation by MPTP N-demethylation in marmoset liver microsomes were correlated with bufuralol 1'-hydroxylation rates (r = 0.77, P < 0.01) and were suppressed by quinidine (1 μM), thereby indicating the importance of marmoset CYP2D6 in PTP formation. MPTP transformations to MPDP(+) and MPP(+) were efficiently catalyzed by recombinant marmoset CYP2D6 and human CYP1A2. These results indicated the contributions of multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes to MPTP oxidation, especially marmoset FMO3 in deactivation (N-oxygenation) and marmoset CYP2D6 for both MPTP deactivation and MPTP activation to MPDP(+) and MPP(+). These findings provide a foundation for understanding MPTP metabolism and for the successful production of preclinical marmoset models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Uehara
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., N.M., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (T.I., E.S.); and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Yasuhiro Uno
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., N.M., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (T.I., E.S.); and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Takashi Inoue
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., N.M., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (T.I., E.S.); and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., N.M., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (T.I., E.S.); and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., N.M., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (T.I., E.S.); and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., N.M., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (T.I., E.S.); and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan (S.U., N.M., M.S., H.Y.); Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis Center, Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kainan, Wakayama, Japan (Y.U.); Department of Applied Developmental Biology, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan (T.I., E.S.); and Keio Advanced Research Center, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan (E.S.)
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