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Lemoine RT, Svenning J. Nativeness is not binary ‐ a graduated terminology for native and non‐native species in the Anthropocene. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Taylor Lemoine
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) & Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114 DK‐8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) & Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Department of Biology Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114 DK‐8000 Aarhus C Denmark
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2
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Tamar K, Els J, Kornilios P, Soorae P, Tarroso P, Thanou E, Pereira J, Shah JN, Elhassan EEM, Aguhob JC, Badaam SF, Eltayeb MM, Pusey R, Papenfuss TJ, Macey JR, Carranza S. The demise of a wonder: Evolutionary history and conservation assessments of the Wonder Gecko Teratoscincus keyserlingii (Gekkota, Sphaerodactylidae) in Arabia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244150. [PMID: 33411750 PMCID: PMC7790289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective biodiversity conservation planning starts with genetic characterization within and among focal populations, in order to understand the likely impact of threats for ensuring the long-term viability of a species. The Wonder Gecko, Teratoscincus keyserlingii, is one of nine members of the genus. This species is distributed in Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, with a small isolated population in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where it is classified nationally as Critically Endangered. Within its Arabian range, anthropogenic activity is directly linked to the species’ decline, with highly localised and severely fragmented populations. Here we describe the evolutionary history of Teratoscincus, by reconstructing its phylogenetic relationships and estimating its divergence times and ancestral biogeography. For conservation implications of T. keyserlingii we evaluate the genetic structure of the Arabian population using genomic data. This study supports the monophyly of most species and reveals considerable intraspecific variability in T. microlepis and T. keyserlingii, which necessitate broad systematic revisions. The UAE population of T. keyserlingii likely arrived from southern Iran during the Pleistocene and no internal structure was recovered within, implying a single population status. Regional conservation of T. keyserlingii requires improved land management and natural habitat restoration in the species’ present distribution, and expansion of current protected areas, or establishment of new areas with suitable habitat for the species, mostly in northern Abu Dhabi Emirate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tamar
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (KT); (SC)
| | - Johannes Els
- Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Kornilios
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
- The Molecular Ecology Backshop, G. Lekka, Loutraki, Greece
| | | | - Pedro Tarroso
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Evanthia Thanou
- The Molecular Ecology Backshop, G. Lekka, Loutraki, Greece
- Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - John Pereira
- Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Junid Nazeer Shah
- Natural Resource Conservation Section, Environment Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Jeruel Cabadonga Aguhob
- Natural Resource Conservation Section, Environment Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saoud Faisal Badaam
- Natural Resource Conservation Section, Environment Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Mustafa Eltayeb
- Natural Resource Conservation Section, Environment Department, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Theodore J. Papenfuss
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - J. Robert Macey
- Peralta Genomics Institute, Chancellor’s Office, Peralta Community College District, Oakland, CA, United States of America
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (KT); (SC)
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3
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Melo ATO, Hale I. 'apparent': a simple and flexible R package for accurate SNP-based parentage analysis in the absence of guiding information. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:108. [PMID: 30819089 PMCID: PMC6396488 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The accurate determination of parent-progeny relationships within both in situ natural populations and ex situ genetic resource collections can greatly enhance plant breeding/domestication efforts and support plant genetic resource conservation strategies. Although a range of parentage analysis tools are available, none are designed to infer such relationships using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data in the complete absence of guiding information, such as generational groups, partial pedigrees, or genders. The R package (‘apparent’) developed and presented here addresses this gap. Results ‘apparent’ adopts a novel strategy of parentage analysis based on a test of genetic identity between a theoretically expected progeny (EPij), whose genotypic state can be inferred at all homozygous loci for a pair of putative parents (i and j), and all potential offspring (POk), represented by the k individuals of a given germplasm collection. Using the Gower Dissimilarity metric (GD), genetic identity between EPij and POk is taken as evidence that individuals i and j are the true parents of offspring k. Significance of a given triad (parental pairij + offspringk) is evaluated relative to the distribution of all GDij|k values for the population. With no guiding information provided, ‘apparent’ correctly identified the parental pairs of 15 lines of known pedigree within a test population of 77 accessions of Actinidia arguta, a performance unmatched by five other commonly used parentage analysis tools. In the case of an inconclusive triad analysis due to the absence of one parent from the test population, ‘apparent’ can perform a subsequent dyad analysis to identify a likely single parent for a given offspring. Average dyad analysis accuracy was 73.3% in the complete absence of pedigree information but increased to 100% when minimal generational information (adults vs. progeny) was provided. Conclusions The ‘apparent’ R package is a fast and accurate parentage analysis tool that uses genome-wide SNP data to identify parent-progeny relationships within populations for which no a priori knowledge of family structure exists. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2662-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur T O Melo
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Iago Hale
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
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Modesto P, Biolatti C, Favaro L, Colussi S, Peletto S, Piga S, Riina MV, Pessani D, Trincas E, Isaja V, Acutis PL. Molecular Genetics Unveiled Unknown Family Relationships and Hybrids in an Ex-Situ Colony of African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus). J Hered 2018; 109:653-662. [PMID: 30010804 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esy032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genealogical relationships among colony members, inbreeding status, and presence of hybrids are crucial data that can assist zoo curators in captive colony management and decision-making on relocation for reproduction. This study employed molecular markers to study a large colony (n = 56) of African Penguin hosted in an Italian biopark. A panel of 15 STRs (single tandem repeats) was selected, and genotype data were analyzed using COLONY software to determine parentage relationships and compare the existing studbook information to a pedigree built from genetic analyses. The existence of extra-pair mating and the presence of hybrids were investigated: discrepancies in kinship relationships emerged following molecular parentage analysis and 10 unknown genetic relationships were revealed. Infidelity of one member of the pair was observed in 6 cases and extra-pair copulation was assessed by genetic analysis in 2 episodes. One member of the colony was found to be a hybrid (S. demersus × S. humboldti); his progeny, derived by extra-pair copulation, was traced. Three other hidden hybrids were discovered and assessed using the identified candidate private alleles. Overall, our results demonstrate that molecular methods to confirm parentage and analyze relatedness among colony members are a valuable tool to complement studbook-based genetic management of African penguin captive populations. Because a variety of behavioral dynamics (e.g., extra-pair mating) can make observations ineffective in some species and because molecular markers outperform studbook in identifying the presence of hybrids, reliance on studbook information alone is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Modesto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Biolatti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Livio Favaro
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Colussi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Peletto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Piga
- Zoom Torino, Strada Piscina, Cumiana, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Riina
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Pessani
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Turin, Italy
| | - Egle Trincas
- Laboratorio di Zoologia e Biologia Marina, Dipartimento Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Pier Luigi Acutis
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d1Aosta, Turin, Italy
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Multiple paternity in the cultured yellow pond turtles ( Mauremys mutica ). Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 183:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Valbuena-Ureña E, Soler-Membrives A, Steinfartz S, Alonso M, Carbonell F, Larios-Martín R, Obon E, Carranza S. Getting off to a good start? Genetic evaluation of the ex situ conservation project of the Critically Endangered Montseny brook newt ( Calotriton arnoldi). PeerJ 2017. [PMID: 28626615 PMCID: PMC5472038 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex situ management strategies play an important role in the conservation of threatened species when the wild survival of the species cannot be ensured. Molecular markers have become an outstanding tool for the evaluation and management of captive breeding programs. Two main genetic objectives should be prioritized when planning breeding programs: the maintenance of maximum neutral genetic diversity, and to obtain “self-sustaining” captive populations. In this study, we use 24 microsatellite loci to analyze and evaluate the genetic representativity of the initial phases of the captive breeding program of the Montseny brook newt, Calotriton arnoldi, an Iberian endemic listed as Critically Endangered. The results show that the initial captive stock has 74–78% of the alleles present in the wild populations, and captures roughly 93–95% of their total genetic diversity as observed in a previous study on wild newts, although it does not reach the desired 97.5%. Moreover, the percentage of unrelatedness among individuals does not exceed 95%. Therefore, we conclude that the genetic diversity of the captive stock should be improved by incorporating genetic material from unrelated wild newts. In recognition of the previously described significant genetic and morphological differentiation between eastern and western wild populations of C. arnoldi, we suggest maintaining two distinct breeding lines, and we do not recommend outbreeding between these lines. Our comparisons of genetic diversity estimates between real and distinct sample-sized simulated populations corroborated that a minimum of 20 individuals are needed for each captive population, in order to match the level of genetic diversity present in the wild populations. Thus, the current initial stock should be reinforced by adding wild specimens. The captive stock and subsequent cohorts should be monitored in order to preserve genetic variation. In order to avoid genetic adaptation to captivity, occasionally incorporating previously genotyped individuals from the wild into the captive populations is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Valbuena-Ureña
- Unitat de Zoologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, Catalan Wildlife Service -Forestal Catalana, Santa Perpètua de la Mogoda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Unitat de Zoologia, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sebastian Steinfartz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mònica Alonso
- Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, Catalan Wildlife Service -Forestal Catalana, Santa Perpètua de la Mogoda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francesc Carbonell
- Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, Catalan Wildlife Service -Forestal Catalana, Santa Perpètua de la Mogoda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raquel Larios-Martín
- Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, Catalan Wildlife Service -Forestal Catalana, Santa Perpètua de la Mogoda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Elena Obon
- Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, Catalan Wildlife Service -Forestal Catalana, Santa Perpètua de la Mogoda, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Salvador Carranza
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Edwards T, Tollis M, Hsieh P, Gutenkunst RN, Liu Z, Kusumi K, Culver M, Murphy RW. Assessing models of speciation under different biogeographic scenarios; an empirical study using multi-locus and RNA-seq analyses. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:379-96. [PMID: 26843925 PMCID: PMC4729248 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary biology often seeks to decipher the drivers of speciation, and much debate persists over the relative importance of isolation and gene flow in the formation of new species. Genetic studies of closely related species can assess if gene flow was present during speciation, because signatures of past introgression often persist in the genome. We test hypotheses on which mechanisms of speciation drove diversity among three distinct lineages of desert tortoise in the genus Gopherus. These lineages offer a powerful system to study speciation, because different biogeographic patterns (physical vs. ecological segregation) are observed at opposing ends of their distributions. We use 82 samples collected from 38 sites, representing the entire species' distribution and generate sequence data for mtDNA and four nuclear loci. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis in *BEAST estimates the species tree. RNA‐seq data yield 20,126 synonymous variants from 7665 contigs from two individuals of each of the three lineages. Analyses of these data using the demographic inference package ∂a∂i serve to test the null hypothesis of no gene flow during divergence. The best‐fit demographic model for the three taxa is concordant with the *BEAST species tree, and the ∂a∂i analysis does not indicate gene flow among any of the three lineages during their divergence. These analyses suggest that divergence among the lineages occurred in the absence of gene flow and in this scenario the genetic signature of ecological isolation (parapatric model) cannot be differentiated from geographic isolation (allopatric model).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Edwards
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721; University of Arizona Genetics Core University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Marc Tollis
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287
| | - PingHsun Hsieh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Ryan N Gutenkunst
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Zhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China
| | - Kenro Kusumi
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287
| | - Melanie Culver
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment The University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721; Arizona Cooperative Fish & Wildlife Research Unit USGS University of Arizona Tucson Arizona 85721
| | - Robert W Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China; Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Royal Ontario Museum Toronto ON Canada
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Yuan ML, Dean SH, Longo AV, Rothermel BB, Tuberville TD, Zamudio KR. Kinship, inbreeding and fine-scale spatial structure influence gut microbiota in a hindgut-fermenting tortoise. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2521-36. [PMID: 25809385 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herbivorous vertebrates rely on complex communities of mutualistic gut bacteria to facilitate the digestion of celluloses and hemicelluloses. Gut microbes are often convergent based on diet and gut morphology across a phylogenetically diverse group of mammals. However, little is known about microbial communities of herbivorous hindgut-fermenting reptiles. Here, we investigate how factors at the individual level might constrain the composition of gut microbes in an obligate herbivorous reptile. Using multiplexed 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we characterized the faecal microbial community of a population of gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) and examined how age, genetic diversity, spatial structure and kinship influence differences among individuals. We recovered phylotypes associated with known cellulolytic function, including candidate phylum Termite Group 3, suggesting their importance for gopher tortoise digestion. Although host genetic structure did not explain variation in microbial composition and community structure, we found that fine-scale spatial structure, inbreeding, degree of relatedness and possibly ontogeny shaped patterns of diversity in faecal microbiomes of gopher tortoises. Our findings corroborate widespread convergence of faecal-associated microbes based on gut morphology and diet and demonstrate the role of spatial and demographic structure in driving differentiation of gut microbiota in natural populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Yuan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-2701, USA; Archbold Biological Station, Venus, FL, 33960, USA
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