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Harkin EE, Browne JA, Murphy BA. Evaluation of short-term hair follicle storage conditions for maintenance of RNA integrity. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294089. [PMID: 38820307 PMCID: PMC11142484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair follicles provide an easily accessible tissue for interrogating gene expression for multiple purposes in mammals. RNAlater® is a liquid storage solution that stabilises and preserves cellular RNA, eliminating the need to immediately process or freeze tissue specimens. The manufacturer advises storage of samples at 2-8°C overnight before transfer to -20°C. This study aimed to evaluate RNA integrity in hair follicle samples collected from horses, stabilized in RNAlater®, and stored under three short-term storage conditions. Mane hair samples complete with follicles were collected from four horses at a single time point. Approximately 15 hairs were placed in each of three 2 mL tubes containing 0.75ml RNAlater® solution. Test group A was stored at 4°C for 24-h, then decanted and stored at -20°C. Test groups B and C were stored at 4°C and 19°C (room temperature) respectively for 7 days, then decanted and stored at -20°C. RNA was isolated from all samples and RNA quantity and quality were measured. One-way ANOVA revealed no difference in RNA concentration (A:516 +/-125 ng/ml, B:273+/-93 ng/ml, C:476+/-176 ng/ml;P = 0.2) or quality (A:9.5 +/-0.19, B:9.8+/-0.09, C:9.2+/-0.35 RIN; P = 0.46) between the test groups. There were no group differences in mean Cycle Threshold values from qPCR validation assays confirming high-quality template cDNA. The results suggest that storage of hair follicles for one week in RNAlater® at cool or room temperature conditions will not compromise RNA integrity and will permit extended transport times from remote sampling locations without the need for freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilís E. Harkin
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John A. Browne
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barbara A. Murphy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang J, Knight R, Wang Y, Sawyer TW, Martyniuk CJ, Langlois VS. Hair follicle miRNAs: a novel biomarker for primary blast Induced-Mild traumatic brain injury. Biomarkers 2018; 24:166-179. [DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2018.1531929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rosalinda Knight
- Canadian River Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Yushan Wang
- Suffield Research Centre, Defence Research and Development Canada, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas W. Sawyer
- Suffield Research Centre, Defence Research and Development Canada, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | | | - Valérie S. Langlois
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Song SH, Jang WJ, Hwang J, Park B, Jang JH, Seo YH, Yang CH, Lee S, Jeong CH. Transcriptome profiling of whisker follicles in methamphetamine self-administered rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11420. [PMID: 30061674 PMCID: PMC6065325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) is a highly addictive psychostimulant that disturbs the central nervous system; therefore, diagnosis of MA addiction is important in clinical and forensic toxicology. In this study, a MA self-administration rat model was used to illustrate the gene expression profiling of the rewarding effect caused by MA. RNA-sequencing was performed to examine changes in gene expression in rat whisker follicles collected before self-administration, after MA self-administration, and after withdrawal sessions. We identified six distinct groups of genes, with statistically significant expression patterns. By constructing the functional association network of these genes and performing the subsequent topological analysis, we identified 43 genes, which have the potential to regulate MA reward and addiction. The gene pathways were then analysed using the Reactome and Knowledgebase for Addiction-Related Gene database, and it was found that genes and pathways associated with Alzheimer's disease and the heparan sulfate biosynthesis were enriched in MA self-administration rats. The findings suggest that changes of the genes identified in rat whisker follicles may be useful indicators of the rewarding effect of MA. Further studies are needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungduck Park
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Jang
- School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu, 42158, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooyeun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang J, Wallace SJ, Shiu MY, Smith I, Rhind SG, Langlois VS. Human hair follicle transcriptome profiling: a minimally invasive tool to assess molecular adaptations upon low-volume, high-intensity interval training. Physiol Rep 2017; 5. [PMID: 29212859 PMCID: PMC5727284 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular fitness training approach under both civilian and military settings. Consisting of brief and intense exercise intervals, HIIT requires less time commitment yet is able to produce the consistent targeted physical adaptations as conventional endurance training. To effectively characterize and monitor HIIT‐induced cellular and molecular responses, a highly accessible yet comprehensive biomarker discovery source is desirable. Both gene differential expression (DE) and gene set (GS) analyses were conducted using hair follicle transcriptome established from pre and postexercise subjects upon a 10‐day HIIT program by RNA‐Seq, Comparing between pre and posttraining groups, differentially expressed protein coding genes were identified. To interpret the functional significance of the DE results, a comprehensive GS analysis approach featuring multiple algorithms was used to enrich gene ontology (GO) terms and KEGG pathways. The GS analysis revealed enriched themes such as energy metabolism, cell proliferation/growth/survival, muscle adaptations, and cytokine–cytokine interaction, all of which have been previously proposed as HIIT responses. Moreover, related cell signaling pathways were also measured. Specifically, G‐protein‐mediated signal transduction, phosphatidylinositide 3‐kinases (PI3K) – protein kinase B (PKB) and Janus kinase (JAK) – Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) signaling cascades were over‐represented. Additionally, the RNA‐Seq analysis also identified several HIIT‐responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) that were involved in regulating hair follicle‐specific processes, such as miR‐99a. For the first time, this study demonstrated that both existing and new biomarkers like miRNA can be explored for HIIT using the transcriptomic responses exhibited by the hair follicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah J Wallace
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Y Shiu
- Defense Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ingrid Smith
- Defense Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G Rhind
- Defense Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Zhang J, Knight R, Wang Y, Sawyer TW, Martyniuk CJ, Langlois VS. Comprehensive assessment of shockwave intensity: Transcriptomic biomarker discovery for primary blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury using the mammalian hair follicle. Brain Inj 2017; 32:123-134. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2017.1342000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rosalinda Knight
- University of New Brunswick and Canadian River Institute, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Yushan Wang
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Thomas W Sawyer
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Centre, Medicine Hat, AB, Canada
| | - Christopher J Martyniuk
- University of New Brunswick and Canadian River Institute, Fredericton, NB, Canada
- University of Florida, Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology & Department of Physiological Sciences, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Valerie S Langlois
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Department, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Exposure to blast events can cause severe trauma to vital organs such as the lungs, ears, and brain. Understanding the mechanisms behind such blast-induced injuries is of great importance considering the recent trend towards the use of explosives in modern warfare and terrorist-related incidents. To fully understand blast-induced injury, we must first be able to replicate such blast events in a controlled environment using a reproducible method. In this technique using shock tube equipment, shock waves at a range of pressures can be propagated over live cells grown in 2D, and markers of cell viability can be immediately analyzed using a redox indicator assay and the fluorescent imaging of live and dead cells. This method demonstrated that increasing the peak blast overpressure to 127 kPa can stimulate a significant drop in cell viability when compared to untreated controls. Test samples are not limited to adherent cells, but can include cell suspensions, whole-body and tissue samples, through minor modifications to the shock tube setup. Replicating the exact conditions that tissues and cells experience when exposed to a genuine blast event is difficult. Techniques such as the one presented in this article can help to define damage thresholds and identify the transcriptional and epigenetic changes within cells that arise from shock wave exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall J Logan
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London
| | - Hari Arora
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London
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Zou J, Wang M, Uchiumi O, Shui Y, Ishigaki Y, Liu X, Tajima N, Akai T, Iizuka H, Kato N. Learning impairment by minimal cortical injury in a mouse model of Alzheimer׳s disease. Brain Res 2016; 1637:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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