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Koyanagi T, Saga Y, Takahashi Y, Tamura K, Yoshiba T, Takahashi S, Taneichi A, Takei Y, Urabe M, Mizukami H, Fujiwara H. Knockout of vasohibin-2 reduces tubulin carboxypeptidase activity and increases paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2732-2739. [PMID: 33710778 PMCID: PMC8026928 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) is a VEGF-inducible endothelium-derived angiogenesis inhibitor, and vasohibin-2 (VASH2), its homolog, exhibits proangiogenic activity. VASH2 is expressed by various cancer cells and accelerates tumor angiogenesis and progression. VASH2 was recently shown to exhibit tubulin carboxypeptidase (TCP) activity related to microtubule functions. Paclitaxel (PTX), an effective chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used to treat ovarian cancer, inhibits microtubule depolymerization and may interact with VASH2. We herein established several VASH2 knockout ovarian cancer cell lines using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to examine the intracellular tubulin detyrosination status and PTX chemosensitivity. The knockout of VASH2 did not affect the proliferation or sphere-forming activity of ovarian cancer cells in vitro. A Western blot analysis of VASH2 knockout cells revealed the weak expression of detyrosinated tubulin and upregulated expression of cyclin B1. The knockout of VASH2 significantly increased chemosensitivity to PTX, but not to cisplatin in ovarian cancer cell lines. The knockout of VASH2 reduced TCP activity and increased cyclin B1 expression, resulting in increased PTX chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. The inhibition of angiogenesis and regulation of microtubule activity may be achieved in ovarian cancer treatment strategies targeting VASH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Koyanagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kohei Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshiba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Suzuyo Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akiyo Taneichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuji Takei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Masashi Urabe
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mizukami
- Division of Genetic Therapeutics, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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Deletion of the Syncytin A receptor Ly6e impairs syncytiotrophoblast fusion and placental morphogenesis causing embryonic lethality in mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3961. [PMID: 29500366 PMCID: PMC5834536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth and survival is dependent on the elaboration and propinquity of the fetal and maternal circulations within the placenta. Central to this is the formation of the interhaemal membrane, a multi-cellular lamina facilitating exchange of oxygen, nutrients and metabolic waste products between the mother and fetus. In rodents, this cellular barrier contains two transporting layers of syncytiotrophoblast, which are multinucleated cells that form by cell-cell fusion. Previously, we reported the expression of the GPI-linked cell surface protein LY6E by the syncytial layer closest to the maternal sinusoids of the mouse placenta (syncytiotrophoblast layer I). LY6E has since been shown to be a putative receptor for the fusogenic protein responsible for fusion of syncytiotrophoblast layer I, Syncytin A. In this report, we demonstrate that LY6E is essential for the normal fusion of syncytiotrophoblast layer I, and for the proper morphogenesis of both fetal and maternal vasculatures within the placenta. Furthermore, specific inactivation of Ly6e in the epiblast, but not in placenta, is compatible with embryonic development, indicating the embryonic lethality reported for Ly6e−/− embryos is most likely placental in origin.
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Protective effect of miR-200b/c by inhibiting vasohibin-2 in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Life Sci 2017; 191:245-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Du H, Zhao J, Hai L, Wu J, Yi H, Shi Y. The roles of vasohibin and its family members: Beyond angiogenesis modulators. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:827-832. [PMID: 28886304 PMCID: PMC5710674 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1373217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasohibin-1 is an intrinsic angiogenesis inhibitor, and is expressed in endothelial cells via induction by pro-angiogenesis factors. It is known to inhibit several processes of angiogenesis, with different mechanisms from extrinsic angiogenesis inhibitors. Vasohibin-2 is mainly expressed by mononuclear cells which have been mobilized from bone marrow. It not only promotes angiogenesis, but also modulates the releases of FGF-2 and VEGF, which are the two major inducers for vasohibin1. Hypoxic environment induces the expression of hypoxia-inducible Factor 1α with a result of VEGF release nearly in all tumor cell lines and tissues. However, it has been observed that hypoxia reduces the inducible effects of VEGF on vasohibin, which indicates that a complicated mechanism exists in the angiogenesis. Vasohibin and its family members play important roles in both the physiological and pathological procedures, in contrary but complementary patterns. Furthermore, human aortic smooth muscle cells and fibroblast have also been detected to express vasohibin on a moderate to weak scale range. Recently, the results of an increasing number of studies in vivo have shown that vasohibin can also be detected in several cancers, and is associated with micro-vessel densities, histology grades, invasions, poor clinical features, metastasis, and dissemination in abdominal cavities, as well as EMT. In more recent reports, it has been confirmed that, along with being angiogenesis regulators, a variety of other roles have been associated with this family. The focus of this study was the upstream regulatory mechanisms of vasohibin expressions, and their role in regard to the downstream target proteins of vasohibin, especially in carcinoma. Vasohibin is considered to be an original angiogenesis inhibitor, and has a much broader significance in pathological processes. It can be taken as an independent prognostic factor, as well as a potential strategy for cancer therapy programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Du
- a The Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital , Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , R. P. of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- a The Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital , Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , R. P. of China
| | - Ling Hai
- a The Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital , Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , R. P. of China
| | - Jing Wu
- a The Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital , Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , R. P. of China
| | - Hua Yi
- a The Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital , Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , R. P. of China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- a The Department of Pathology Affiliated Hospital , Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region , R. P. of China
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Koyanagi T, Suzuki Y, Komori K, Saga Y, Matsubara S, Fujiwara H, Sato Y. Targeting human vasohibin-2 by a neutralizing monoclonal antibody for anti-cancer treatment. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:512-519. [PMID: 28032401 PMCID: PMC5378258 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There are two members of the vasohibin (VASH) family, VASH1 and VASH2. VASH1 is expressed mainly in endothelial cells to inhibit angiogenesis, whereas VASH2 is expressed mainly in cancer cells to stimulate tumor growth. The aim of the present study was to establish neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against human VASH2 and apply it as an anti‐cancer treatment. We previously raised mAb against several synthetic peptides of hVASH1, and found that one of them exhibited neutralizing activity against hVASH1. Because of the similarity in the amino acid sequences between VASH1 and VASH2, we hypothesized that they shared the bioactive center. When we mutated four amino acids within the region, the mutant VASH2 lost its pro‐angiogenic activity. Therefore, we raised mAb against a synthetic peptide overlapping the mutated amino acids of hVASH2, and isolated one clone (1760) that almost completely inhibited the stimulatory effect of hVASH2 on the migration of and tube formation by endothelial cells. When we used this clone 1760 antibody for cancer treatment, the peritoneal injection of it inhibited both tumor growth and angiogenesis in a mouse xenograft model of human cancer cells. In terms of anti‐tumor activity, 25 mg/kg of clone 1760 was equivalent to 5 mg/kg of bevacizmab. From these results, we propose the targeting of human VASH2 with neutralizing mAb as a new strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Koyanagi
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuki Komori
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Saga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Takeda E, Suzuki Y, Sato Y. Age-associated downregulation of vasohibin-1 in vascular endothelial cells. Aging Cell 2016; 15:885-92. [PMID: 27325558 PMCID: PMC5013028 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) is an angiogenesis-inhibiting factor synthesized by endothelial cells (ECs) and it also functions to increase stress tolerance of ECs, which function is critical for the maintenance of vascular integrity. Here, we examined whether the expression of VASH1 would be affected by aging. We passaged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and observed that VASH1 was downregulated in old HUVECs. This decrease in VASH1 expression with aging was confirmed in mice. To explore the mechanism of this downregulation, we compared the expression of microRNAs between old and young HUVECs by performing microarray analysis. Among the top 20 microRNAs that were expressed at a higher level in old HUVECs, the third highest microRNA, namely miR-22-3p, had its binding site on the 3' UTR of VASH1 mRNA. Experiments with microRNA mimic and anti-miR revealed that miR-22-3p was involved at least in part in the downregulation of VASH1 in ECs during replicative senescence. We then clarified the significance of this defective expression of VASH1 in the vasculature. When a cuff was placed around the femoral arteries of wild-type mice and VASH1-null mice, neointimal formation was augmented in the VASH1-null mice accompanied by an increase in adventitial angiogenesis, macrophage accumulation in the adventitia, and medial/neointimal proliferating cells. These results indicate that in replicative senescence, the downregulation of VASH1 expression in ECs was caused, at least in part, by the alteration of microRNA expression. Such downregulation of VASH1 might be involved in the acceleration of age-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eichi Takeda
- Department of Vascular Biology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University 4‐1, Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Vascular Biology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University 4‐1, Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
| | - Yasufumi Sato
- Department of Vascular Biology Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer Tohoku University 4‐1, Seiryo‐machi, Aoba‐ku Sendai 980‐8575 Japan
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Distinctive role of vasohibin-1A and its splicing variant vasohibin-1B in tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:133-41. [PMID: 27080222 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vasohibin-1 (VASH1) was isolated as a negative-feedback regulator of angiogenesis expressed in endothelial cells (ECs). There are two transcripts of VASH1, that is, the full-length VASH1A consisting of seven exons and the splicing variant VASH1B consisting of four exons. Here, we compared the effects of VASH1A and VASH1B on tumor angiogenesis. When ECs were transfected with VASH1A or VASH1B cDNAs, VASH1B transfectants, but not VASH1A ones, induced autophagic cell death of ECs. With sonoporation, the VASH1A or VASH1B gene were transfected specifically in ECs of tumor vessels in mice. Both VASH1A and VASH1B decreased tumor vessel density and inhibited tumor growth. VASH1A normalized the remaining tumor vessels, increased their rate of perfusion, decreased tumor hypoxia and enhanced the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapy, whereas VASH1B pruned tumor vessels without causing normalization, increased tumor hypoxia and tumor necrosis and did not enhance the efficacy of anticancer chemotherapy. The alternate transfection of mice with the VASH1A and VASH1B gene showed the highest effects on antitumor activity and normalization of tumor vessels. Our present findings on VASH1A and VASH1B should provide an innovative approach that would improve the efficacy of antiangiogenic cancer therapy by balancing vascular normalization and pruning.
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Luna RL, Vasconcelos AG, Nunes AKS, de Oliveira WH, Barbosa KPDS, Peixoto CA. Effects of Sildenafil Citrate and Heparin Treatments on Placental Cell Morphology in a Murine Model of Pregnancy Loss. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:193-202. [PMID: 26978649 DOI: 10.1159/000444123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections during pregnancy are well established as models for pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR), thrombophilia, preterm labor and abortion. Indeed, inflammation, as induced by LPS injection has been described as a pivotal factor in cases of miscarriage related to placental tissue damage. The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil (Viagra®) is currently used to treat FGR cases in women, while low-molecular weight heparin (Fragmin®) is a standard treatment for recurrent miscarriage (RM). However, the pathways and cellular dynamics involved in RM are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of sildenafil and dalteparin in a mouse model of LPS-induced abortion. Histopathology, ultrastructural analysis and immunofluorescence for P-selectin were studied in two different placental cell types: trophoblast cells and labyrinth endothelial cells. Treatment with sildenafil either alone or in combination with heparin showed the best response against LPS-induced injury during pregnancy. In conclusion, our results support the use of these drugs as future therapeutic agents that may protect the placenta against inflammatory injury in RM events. Analyses of the ultrastructure and placental immunophysiology are important to understand the mechanism underlying RM. These findings may spark future studies and aid in the development of new therapies in cases of RM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayana Leal Luna
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhx00E3;es Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
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Hutter S, Morales-Prieto DM, Andergassen U, Tschakert L, Kuhn C, Hofmann S, Markert UR, Jeschke U. Gal-1 silenced trophoblast tumor cells (BeWo) show decreased syncytium formation and different miRNA production compared to non-target silenced BeWo cells. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 10:28-38. [PMID: 26418280 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1089377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-1 (gal-1), a member of the mammalian β-galactoside-binding proteins, exerts biological effects by recognition of glycan ligands, including those involved in cell adhesion and growth regulation. In previous studies, we demonstrated that gal-1 induces cell differentiation processes on the membrane of choriocarcinoma cells BeWo, including the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) REarranged during Transfection (RET), Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3). Furthermore, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPK) and serine/threonine kinases were phosphorylated by gal-1. In addition, gal-1 in trophoblast cells in vitro induced syncytium formation especially after concentration dependent stimulation of the cells with this galectin. This is in contrast to MAPK-inhibitor U0126 that reduced syncytium formation of BeWo cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the syncytium formation abilities of BeWo cells that were gal-1 silenced. We found a significantly reduced syncytium formation rate in gal-1 silenced BeWo cells. In addition, these cells show a different miRNA expression profile. In summary, we found that gal-1 is a major trigger for fusion processes in BeWo cells. This function is accompanied by different regulation of miRNA synthesis in the BeWo cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hutter
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Andergassen
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Lisa Tschakert
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Christina Kuhn
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Simone Hofmann
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- b University Hospital Jena , Department of Obstetrics , Placenta Lab , Jena , Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- a Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Munich , Germany
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