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Acharjee A, Agarwal P, Nash K, Bano S, Rahman T, Gkoutos GV. Immune infiltration and prognostic and diagnostic use of LGALS4 in colon adenocarcinoma and bladder urothelial carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:11353-11363. [PMID: 34786063 PMCID: PMC8581917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a common tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with a high mortality rate. Current research has identified many genes associated with immune infiltration that play a vital role in the development of COAD. In this study, we analysed the prognostic and diagnostic features of such immune-related genes in the context of colonic adenocarcinoma (COAD). We analysed 17 overlapping gene expression profiles of COAD and healthy samples obtained from TCGA-COAD and public single-cell sequencing resources, to identify potential therapeutic COAD targets. We evaluated the abundance of immune infiltration with those genes using the TIMER (Tumor Immune Estimation Resource) deconvolution method. Subsequently, we developed predictive and survival models to assess the prognostic value of these genes. The LGALS4 (Galectin-4) gene was found to be significantly (P<0.05) downregulated in COAD and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) compared to healthy samples. We identified LGALS4 as a prognostic and diagnostic marker for multiple cancer types, including COAD and BLCA. Our analysis reveals a series of novel candidate drug targets, as well as candidate molecular markers, that may explain the pathogenesis of COAD and BLCA. LGALS4 gene is associated with multiple cancer types and is a possible prognostic, as well as diagnostic, marker of COAD and BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Acharjee
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation TrustB15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2WB, UK
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceStockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life LaboratorySolna, Sweden
| | - Katrina Nash
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Subia Bano
- Elvesys Microfluidic Innovation CentreParis 75011, France
| | - Taufiq Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tennis Court Road, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 1PD
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of BirminghamB15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS, Foundation TrustB15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, University Hospital BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2WB, UK
- MRC Health Data Research UK (HDR UK)
- NIHR Experimental Cancer Medicine CentreBirmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital BirminghamBirmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Impact of ABCG2 Gene Polymorphism on the Predisposition to Psoriasis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101601. [PMID: 34680995 PMCID: PMC8535938 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is caused by the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Evidence shows an association of psoriasis with co-morbidities including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia. Genome-wide association studies have revealed that the ABCG2 gene encoding ATP-binding cassette G2 protein was associated with inflammation and higher serum urate concentrations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the role of ABCG2 gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to psoriasis. The genotype distribution of two ABCG2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2231142 and rs2231137, was examined in 410 psoriasis patients and 1,089 gender-matched non-psoriasis controls. We found that heterozygotes (GT) for rs2231142 was associated with a decreased risk of psoriasis (p = 0.001; adjusted OR = 0.532; 95% CI, 0.370–0.765) after adjusting for age, as compared with homozygotes for the major allele (GG). Subjects who carried at least one polymorphic allele (homozygote or heterozygote for the minor allele) were less susceptible to psoriasis (p = 0.002; adjusted OR = 0.594; 95% CI, 0.249–0.823) and bearing higher serum urate levels (p = 0.026) than those homozygous for the major allele. Our results indicated that the ABCG2 gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of psoriasis.
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Kim CE, Park HY, Won HJ, Kim M, Kwon B, Lee SJ, Kim DH, Shin JG, Seo SK. Repression of PPARγ reduces the ABCG2-mediated efflux activity of M2 macrophages. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2020; 130:105895. [PMID: 33259947 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2020.105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though subclasses of macrophage have distinct roles during progression of infectious diseases, it remains poorly understood whether there is a subset-specific difference in drug responses. Here, we report that ABCG2 was expressed specifically in M2-like macrophages and that it controlled their efflux activities. Abcg2 expression is markedly induced during polarization of PMA-primed macrophages toward an M2 type. IL-4 and IL-13 induced Pparg expression through STAT6 and PPARγ in turn acted on the Abcg2 promoter for its transcription activation. Once polarized to M2-like macrophages, these cells had sustained PPARγ transcription activation of Abcg2 gene. Accordingly, interruption of this machinery by T0070907, an inverse agonist of PPARγ, was shown to be effective in Abcg2 downregulation and its efflux activity in M2-like macrophages. Taken together, our results implicate that ABCG2 of M2 macrophages may function as an important pump that plays a potential role in drug efflux and that T0070907 may be used to increase the efficacy of M2 macrophage-targeting drugs such as antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Eun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea; Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea; Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Won
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea; Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungsuk Kwon
- BK21 Integrated Immunometabolism Education and Research Team, School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea; Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea; Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacoGenomics Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea; Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Kil Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea; Center for Personalized Precision Medicine of Tuberculosis, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 47932, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Kwak M, Lee PCW, Jin JO. Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide promoted activation of human dendritic cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:232-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Shin JA, Jeong SI, Kim HW, Jang G, Ryu DR, Ahn YH, Choi JH, Choi YH, Park EM. Repression of adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 by estrogen increases intracellular glutathione in brain endothelial cells following ischemic reperfusion injury. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 66:138-148. [PMID: 29574357 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette efflux transporter ABCG2, which is located in the blood-brain barrier limits the entry of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics into the brain, and its expression and activity are regulated by estrogen. This study was aimed to define the role of ABCG2 in estrogen-mediated neuroprotection against ischemic injury. ABCG2 protein levels before and after ischemic stroke were increased in the brain of female mice by ovariectomy, which were reversed by estrogen replacement. In brain endothelial cell line bEnd.3, estrogen reduced the basal ABCG2 protein level and efflux activity and protected cells from ischemic injury without inducing ABCG2 expression. When bEnd.3 cells were transfected with ABCG2 small interfering RNA, ischemia-induced cell death was reduced, and the intracellular concentration of glutathione, an antioxidant that is transported by ABCG2, was increased. In addition, after ischemic stroke in ovariectomized mice, estrogen prevented the reduction of intracellular glutathione level in brain microvessels. These data suggested that the suppression of ABCG2 by estrogen is involved in neuroprotection against ischemic injury by increasing intracellular glutathione, and that the modulation of ABCG2 activity offers a therapeutic target for brain diseases in estrogen-deficient aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin A Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Im Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeonghui Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ryeol Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ha Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hee Choi
- Department of Physiology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Tissue Injury Defense Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Alarmins are constitutively present endogenous molecules that essentially act as early warning signals for the immune system. We provide a brief overview of major alarmins and highlight their roles in tumor immunity. METHODS We searched PubMed up to January 10, 2016, using alarmins and/or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), as key words. We selected and reviewed articles that focused on the discovery and functions of alarmin and their roles in tumor immunity. FINDINGS Alarmins are essentially endogenous immunostimulatory DAMP molecules that are exposed in response to danger (eg, infection or tissue injury) as a result of degranulation, cell death, or induction. They are sensed by chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors to induce immune responses by promoting the recruitment and activation of leukocytes, particularly antigen-presenting cells. IMPLICATIONS Accumulating data suggest that certain alarmins, High-mobility group nucleosome-binding protein 1 (HMGN1) in particular, contribute to the generation of antitumor immunity. Some alarmins can also be used as cancer biomarkers. Therefore, alarmins can potentially be applied for our fight against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Nie
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Guizhou Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China
| | - De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland; Basic Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Joost J Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.
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Endothelial cell tolerance to lipopolysaccharide challenge is induced by monophosphoryl lipid A. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 130:451-61. [PMID: 26669797 DOI: 10.1042/cs20150592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prior exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produces a reduced or "tolerant" inflammatory response to subsequent challenges with LPS, however the potent pro-inflammatory effects of LPS limit its clinical benefit. The adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) is a weak toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist that induces negligible inflammation but retains potent immunomodulatory properties. We postulated that pre-treatment with MPLA would inhibit the inflammatory response of endothelial cells to secondary LPS challenge. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were exposed to MPLA (10 μg/ml), LPS (100 ng/ml) or vehicle control. HUVECs were then washed and maintained in culture for 24 h before being challenged with LPS (100 ng/ml). Supernatants were collected and examined for cytokine production in the presence or absence of siRNA inhibitors of critical TLR4 signalling proteins. Pre-treatment with MPLA attenuated interleukin (IL)-6 production to secondary LPS challenge to a similar degree as LPS. The application of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) siRNA dramatically reduced MPLA-induced tolerance while TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) siRNA had no effect. The tolerant phenotype in endothelial cells was associated with reduced IκB kinase (IKK), p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and enhanced IL-1 receptor associated kinase-M (IRAK-M) expression for LPS-primed HUVECs, but less so in MPLA primed cells. Instead, MPLA-primed HUVECs demonstrated enhanced p-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. In contrast with leucocytes in which tolerance is largely TRIF-dependent, MyD88 signalling mediated endotoxin tolerance in endothelial cells. Most importantly, MPLA, a vaccine adjuvant with a wide therapeutic window, induced tolerance to LPS in endothelial cells.
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