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Pifer PM, Yang L, Kumar M, Xie T, Frederick M, Hefner A, Beadle B, Molkentine D, Molkentine J, Dhawan A, Abdelhakiem M, Osman AA, Leibowitz BJ, Myers JN, Pickering CR, Sandulache VC, Heymach J, Skinner HD. FAK Drives Resistance to Therapy in HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancer in a p53-Dependent Manner. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:187-197. [PMID: 37819945 PMCID: PMC10767302 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation and platinum-based chemotherapy form the backbone of therapy in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We have correlated focal adhesion kinase (FAK/PTK2) expression with radioresistance and worse outcomes in these patients. However, the importance of FAK in driving radioresistance and its effects on chemoresistance in these patients remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed an in vivo shRNA screen using targetable libraries to identify novel therapeutic sensitizers for radiation and chemotherapy. RESULTS We identified FAK as an excellent target for both radio- and chemosensitization. Because TP53 is mutated in over 80% of HPV-negative HNSCC, we hypothesized that mutant TP53 may facilitate FAK-mediated therapy resistance. FAK inhibitor increased sensitivity to radiation, increased DNA damage, and repressed homologous recombination and nonhomologous end joining repair in mutant, but not wild-type, TP53 HPV-negative HNSCC cell lines. The mutant TP53 cisplatin-resistant cell line had increased FAK phosphorylation compared with wild-type, and FAK inhibition partially reversed cisplatin resistance. To validate these findings, we utilized an HNSCC cohort to show that FAK copy number and gene expression were associated with worse disease-free survival in mutant TP53, but not wild-type TP53, HPV-negative HNSCC tumors. CONCLUSIONS FAK may represent a targetable therapeutic sensitizer linked to a known genomic marker of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M. Pifer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Liangpeng Yang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mitchell Frederick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Andrew Hefner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Beth Beadle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - David Molkentine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Molkentine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Annika Dhawan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mohamed Abdelhakiem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Abdullah A. Osman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian J. Leibowitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey N. Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Curtis R. Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vlad C. Sandulache
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - John Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heath D. Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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2
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Wolfová K, Otevřelová P, Holoubek A, Brodská B. Nucleolar phosphoprotein modifications as a marker of apoptosis induced by RITA treatment. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119501. [PMID: 37276927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactivating p53 and Inducing Tumor Apoptosis (RITA) has been reported to increase the p53 activity and to trigger p53-dependent apoptosis in cancer cells with wild-type p53. Tumor suppressor p53 interacts with nucleolar phosphoproteins nucleophosmin (NPM) and nucleolin (NCL), which have crucial role in many cellular processes. Specific NPM mutations associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cause aberrant localization of NPM and p53 in the cytoplasm with possible impact on the p53 function. We tested an effect of RITA on primary cells, and we found significant RITA-induced changes in NPM and NCL phosphorylation associated with apoptosis in cells of AML patients, but not that of healthy donors. Subsequent screening of several AML cell lines revealed heterogeneous response to RITA, and confirmed an association of the specific phosphorylation with apoptosis. While decreased NCL phosphorylation at Threonines T76 and T84 could be attributed to RITA-induced cell cycle arrest, enhanced NPM phosphorylation at Threonine T199 was not accompanied by the cell cycle changes and it correlated with sensitivity to RITA. Simultaneously, inverse changes occurred at Serine S4 of the NPM. These new findings of RITA mechanism of action could establish the NPM pT199/pS4 ratio as a marker for suitability of RITA treatment of AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Wolfová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Otevřelová
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Holoubek
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Brodská
- Department of Proteomics, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 1, 12820 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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3
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Afshari K, Sohal KS. Potential Alternative Therapeutic Modalities for Management Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231185003. [PMID: 37328298 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231185003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) includes malignancies of the lip and oral cavity, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. It is among the most common malignancy worldwide, affecting nearly 1 million people annually. The traditional treatment options for HNSCC include surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy. However, these treatment options have their specific sequelae, which produce high rates of recurrence and severe treatment-related disabilities. Recent technological advancements have led to tremendous progress in understanding tumor biology, and hence the emergence of several alternative therapeutic modalities for managing cancers (including HNSCC). These treatment options are stem cell targeted therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, this review article aims to provide an overview of these alternative treatments of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keihan Afshari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Karpal Singh Sohal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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4
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Mireștean CC, Iancu RI, Iancu DPT. p53 Modulates Radiosensitivity in Head and Neck Cancers-From Classic to Future Horizons. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123052. [PMID: 36553058 PMCID: PMC9777383 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p53, initially considered a tumor suppressor, has been the subject of research related to cancer treatment resistance in the last 30 years. The unfavorable response to multimodal therapy and the higher recurrence rate, despite an aggressive approach, make HNSCC a research topic of interest for improving therapeutic outcomes, even if it is only the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. New advances in molecular biology and genetics include the involvement of miRNA in the control of the p53 pathway, the understanding of mechanisms such as gain/loss of function, and the development of different methods to restore p53 function, especially for HPV-negative cases. The different ratio between mutant p53 status in the primary tumor and distant metastasis originating HNSCC may serve to select the best therapeutic target for activating an abscopal effect by radiotherapy as a "booster" of the immune system. P53 may also be a key player in choosing radiotherapy fractionation regimens. Targeting any pathway involving p53, including tumor metabolism, in particular the Warburg effect, could modulate the radiosensitivity and chemo-sensitivity of head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camil Ciprian Mireștean
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Department of Surgery, Railways Clinical Hospital Iasi, 700506 Iași, Romania
| | - Roxana Irina Iancu
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” Emergency Universitary Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-232-301-603
| | - Dragoș Petru Teodor Iancu
- Oncology and Radiotherapy Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iași, Romania
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5
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Nathan CA, Khandelwal AR, Wolf GT, Rodrigo JP, Mäkitie AA, Saba NF, Forastiere AA, Bradford CR, Ferlito A. TP53 mutations in head and neck cancer. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:385-391. [PMID: 35218075 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract are highly heterogeneous, aggressive, and multifactorial tumors affecting more than half a million patients worldwide each year. Classical etiological factors for HNSCC include alcohol, tobacco, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Current treatment options for HNSCCs encompass surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinatorial remedies. Comprehensive integrative genomic analysis of HNSCC has identified mutations in TP53 gene as the most frequent of all somatic genomic alterations. TP53 mutations are associated with either loss of wild-type p53 function or gain of functions that promote invasion, metastasis, genomic instability, and cancer cell proliferation. Interestingly, disruptive TP53 mutations in tumor DNA are associated with aggressiveness and reduced survival after surgical treatment of HNSCC. This review summarizes the current evidence and impact of TP53 mutations in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherie-Ann Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alok R Khandelwal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Louisiana State University-Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Gregory T Wolf
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antti A Mäkitie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Helsinki and HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nabil F Saba
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arlene A Forastiere
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alfio Ferlito
- International Head and Neck Scientific Group, Padua, Italy
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6
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Cell death mechanisms in head and neck cancer cells in response to low and high-LET radiation. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/erm.2021.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHead and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that develops in or around the throat, larynx, nose, sinuses and mouth, and is mostly treated with a combination of chemo- and radiotherapy (RT). The main goal of RT is to kill enough of the cancer cell population, whilst preserving the surrounding normal and healthy tissue. The mechanisms by which conventional photon RT achieves this have been extensively studied over several decades, but little is known about the cell death pathways that are activated in response to RT of increasing linear energy transfer (LET), including proton beam therapy and heavy ions. Here, we provide an up-to-date review on the observed radiobiological effects of low- versus high-LET RT in HNSCC cell models, particularly in the context of specific cell death mechanisms, including apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, senescence and mitotic death. We also detail some of the current therapeutic strategies targeting cell death pathways that have been investigated to enhance the radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells in response to RT, including those that may present with clinical opportunities for eventual patient benefit.
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7
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de Bakker T, Journe F, Descamps G, Saussez S, Dragan T, Ghanem G, Krayem M, Van Gestel D. Restoring p53 Function in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Improve Treatments. Front Oncol 2022; 11:799993. [PMID: 35071005 PMCID: PMC8770810 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.799993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutation is one of the most frequent genetic alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and results in an accumulation of p53 protein in tumor cells. This makes p53 an attractive target to improve HNSCC therapy by restoring the tumor suppressor activity of this protein. Therapeutic strategies targeting p53 in HNSCC can be divided into three categories related to three subtypes encompassing WT p53, mutated p53 and HPV-positive HNSCC. First, compounds targeting degradation or direct inhibition of WT p53, such as PM2, RITA, nutlin-3 and CH1iB, achieve p53 reactivation by affecting p53 inhibitors such as MDM2 and MDMX/4 or by preventing the breakdown of p53 by inhibiting the proteasomal complex. Second, compounds that directly affect mutated p53 by binding it and restoring the WT conformation and transcriptional activity (PRIMA-1, APR-246, COTI-2, CP-31398). Third, treatments that specifically affect HPV+ cancer cells by targeting the viral enzymes E6/E7 which are responsible for the breakdown of p53 such as Ad-E6/E7-As and bortezomib. In this review, we describe and discuss p53 regulation and its targeting in combination with existing therapies for HNSCC through a new classification of such cancers based on p53 mutation status and HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tycho de Bakker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabrice Journe
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Descamps
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Tatiana Dragan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghanem Ghanem
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Krayem
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Oncology (LOCE), Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dirk Van Gestel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-risk HPV infections are related to several epithelial cancers. Despite the availability of prophylactic vaccines, HPV infections are still responsible for about 5% of all human malignancies worldwide. While therapeutic vaccines are ongoing clinical trials, genotoxic agents and surgical interventions represent current clinical treatments, with no specific anti-HPV drugs yet available in the clinics. AREAS COVERED We offer a comprehensive report of small molecules in preclinical studies proposed as potential anticancer agents against HPV-driven tumors. Given the importance of HPV oncoproteins for cancer maintenance, particularly E6 and E7, we present a classification of both non-targeted and targeted agents, with a further subdivision of the latter into two categories according to their either direct or indirect activity against viral protein functions. EXPERT OPINION Prophylactic vaccines can prevent the insurgence of HPV-related cancers, but have no effect against pre-existing infections. Moreover, their high cost, genotype-restricted effect and the growing worldwide distrust for vaccines make the availability of a specific drug an unmet medical need. Different viral early proteins emerge as ideal candidates for drug development. We highlight the most promising strategies and address future challenges in this field to herald the prospect of a specific therapeutic regimen against HPV-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Messa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy
| | - Arianna Loregian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, 35121, Italy.,Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
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García-Garrido E, Cordani M, Somoza Á. Modified Gold Nanoparticles to Overcome the Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine in Mutant p53 Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2067. [PMID: 34959348 PMCID: PMC8703659 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutant p53 proteins result from missense mutations in the TP53 gene, the most mutated in human cancer, and have been described to contribute to cancer initiation and progression. Therapeutic strategies for targeting mutant p53 proteins in cancer cells are limited and have proved unsuitable for clinical application due to problems related to drug delivery and toxicity to healthy tissues. Therefore, the discovery of efficient and safe therapeutic strategies that specifically target mutant p53 remains challenging. In this study, we generated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) chemically modified with low molecular branched polyethylenimine (bPEI) for the efficient delivery of gapmers targeting p53 mutant protein. The AuNPs formulation consists of a combination of polymeric mixed layer of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and PEI, and layer-by-layer assembly of bPEI through a sensitive linker. These nanoparticles can bind oligonucleotides through electrostatic interactions and release them in the presence of a reducing agent as glutathione. The nanostructures generated here provide a non-toxic and powerful system for the delivery of gapmers in cancer cells, which significantly downregulated mutant p53 proteins and altered molecular markers related to cell growth and apoptosis, thus overcoming chemoresistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo García-Garrido
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Cordani
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Somoza
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Asociada al Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Alam MM, Marin Fermin J, Spiller PT, Burnett C, Rong X, Moore-Medlin T, Maxwell CO, Khandelwal AR, Nathan CAO. Rapalogs induce non-apoptotic, autophagy-dependent cell death in HPV-negative TP53 mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2021; 61:33-44. [PMID: 34598317 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with HPV-negative TP53 mutant HNSCC have the worst prognosis, necessitating additional agents for treatment. Since mutant p53 causes sustained activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, we investigated the effect of rapalogs RAD001 and CCI-779 on HPV-negative mutTP53 HNSCC cell lines and xenografts. Rapalogs significantly reduced cell viability and colony formation. Interestingly, rapalogs-induced autophagy with no effect on apoptosis. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitors, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and ULK-101 rescued the cell viability by inhibiting rapalog-induced autophagy, suggesting that both RAD001 and CCI-779 induce non-apoptotic autophagy-dependent cell death (ADCD). Moreover, rapalogs upregulated the levels of ULK1 and pULK1 S555 with concomitant downregulation of the mTORC1 pathway. However, pretreatment of cells with rapalogs prevented the ULK-101-mediated inhibition of ULK1 to sustained autophagy, suggesting that rapalogs induce ADCD through the activation of ULK1. To further translate our in vitro studies, we investigated the effect of RAD001 in HPV-negative mutTP53 (HN31 and FaDu) tumor cell xenograft model in nude mice. Mice treated with RAD001 exhibited a significant tumor volume reduction without induction of apoptosis, and with a concomitant increase in autophagy. Further, treatment with RAD001 was associated with a considerable increase in pULK1 S555 and ULK1 levels through the inhibition of mTORC1. 3-MA reversed the effect of RAD001 on FaDu tumor growth suggesting that RAD001 promotes ACDC in HPV-negative mutTP53 xenograft. This is the first report demonstrating that rapalogs promote non-apoptotic ADCD in HPV-negative mutTP53 HNSCC via the ULK1 pathway. Further studies are required to establish the promising role of rapalogs in preventing the regrowth of HPV-negative mutTP53 HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Maksudul Alam
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Janmaris Marin Fermin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Patrick T Spiller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Chaning Burnett
- School of Medicine, LSU-Health Science Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Xiaohua Rong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Tara Moore-Medlin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Caden O Maxwell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Alok R Khandelwal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Cherie-Ann O Nathan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU-Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
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11
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Chang KW, Lin CE, Tu HF, Chung HY, Chen YF, Lin SC. Establishment of a p53 Null Murine Oral Carcinoma Cell Line and the Identification of Genetic Alterations Associated with This Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249354. [PMID: 33302499 PMCID: PMC7764333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), ranks sixth in cancer incidence worldwide. To generate OSCC cells lines from human or murine tumors, greatly facilitates investigations into OSCC. This study describes the establishing of a mouse palatal carcinoma cell line (designated MPC-1) from a spontaneous tumor present in a heterozygous p53 gene loss C57BL/6 mouse. A MPC-1-GFP cell subclone was then generated by lentivirus infection resulting in stable expression of green fluorescent protein. Assays indicated that MPC-1 was a p53 null polygonal cell that was positive for keratinocyte markers; it also expressed vimentin and showed a loss of E-cadherin expression. Despite that MPC-1 having strong proliferation and colony formation capabilities, the potential for anchorage independent growth and tumorigenesis was almost absent. Like other murine MOC-L and MTCQ cell line series we have previously established, MPC-1 also expresses a range of stemness markers, various oncogenic proteins, and a number of immune checkpoint proteins at high levels. However, the synergistic effects of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib on other therapeutic drugs were not observed with MPC-1. Whole exon sequencing revealed that there were high rates of non-synonymous mutations in MPC-1 affecting various genes, including Akap9, Arap2, Cdh11, Hjurp, Mroh2a, Muc4, Muc6, Sp110, and Sp140, which are similar to that the mutations present in a panel of chemical carcinogenesis-related murine tongue carcinoma cell lines. Analysis has highlighted the dis-regulation of Akap9, Cdh11, Muc4, Sp110, and Sp140 in human HNSCC as indicated by the TCGA and GEO OSCC databases. Sp140 expression has also been associated with patient survival. This study describes the establishment and characterization of the MPC-1 cell line and this new cell model should help to advance genetic research into oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (K.-W.C.); (C.-E.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Chia-En Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (K.-W.C.); (C.-E.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Hsin-Yao Chung
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (K.-W.C.); (C.-E.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yi-Fen Chen
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (K.-W.C.); (C.-E.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (K.-W.C.); (C.-E.L.); (H.-Y.C.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Laskar J, Sengupta M, Choudhury Y. Treatment with the anti-diabetic drug metformin ameliorates betel-nut induced carcinogenesis in a murine model. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1115-1124. [PMID: 31645006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, a widely used anti-diabetic drug has gained enormous attention as an anticancer agent. This study seeks to investigate the efficacy of metformin in ameliorating aqueous extract of betel-nut (AEBN) and arecoline induced carcinogenesis in a murine model. METHODS Swiss albino mice were exposed to AEBN (2 mg ml-1) and arecoline (10 μg ml-1) in drinking water for 16 weeks followed by co-administration of metformin (75 mg kg-1 or 150 mg kg-1) for 4 or 8 weeks. Histological changes and oxidative stress were assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining, TBARS assay and protein carbonylation assay respectively. Lipid profile was determined using an automated analyzer. Expression of total and phosphorylated AMPK, ACC and p53 were determined by immunoblotting. RESULTS AEBN and arecoline induced dyslipidemia by downregulating AMPK (Thr-172) and activating ACC (Ser-79); they also downregulated tumor suppressor p53 (Ser-15). Metformin treatment induced AMPK-dependent alleviation of dyslipidemia in a dose and time dependent manner, upregulated p53 (Ser-15), restored tissue architecture and reduced oxidative stress in tissues of AEBN and arecoline treated mice. CONCLUSION This study establishes that betel nut induces dyslipidemia through its alkaloid, arecoline by inhibition of AMPK (Thr-172) and activation of ACC (Ser-79) and highlights the therapeutic potential of metformin for treatment of betel-nut induced carcinogenesis, indicating the repurposing of the old drug in a new avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeny Laskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Mahuya Sengupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
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13
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Current Prospects of Molecular Therapeutics in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Pharmaceut Med 2019; 33:269-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s40290-019-00288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Forte I, Indovina P, Iannuzzi C, Cirillo D, Di Marzo D, Barone D, Capone F, Pentimalli F, Giordano A. Targeted therapy based on p53 reactivation reduces both glioblastoma cell growth and resistance to temozolomide. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:2189-2199. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Forte
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‑ IRCCS ‑ Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Carmelina Iannuzzi
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‑ IRCCS ‑ Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Donatella Cirillo
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‑ IRCCS ‑ Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Domenico Di Marzo
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‑ IRCCS ‑ Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Barone
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‑ IRCCS ‑ Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Capone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‑ IRCCS ‑ Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Oncology Research Center of Mercogliano (CROM), Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‑ IRCCS ‑ Fondazione G. Pascale, I‑80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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15
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RITA downregulates Hedgehog-GLI in medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma via JNK-dependent but p53-independent mechanism. Cancer Lett 2018; 442:341-350. [PMID: 30447254 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overactivation of the Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is implicated in many cancers. In this study, we demonstrate that the small molecule RITA, a p53 activator, effectively downregulates HH signaling in human medulloblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cells irrespective of p53. This is mediated by a ROS-independent activation of the MAP kinase JNK. We also show that in vitro RITA sensitized cells to the GLI antagonist GANT61, as co-administration of the two drugs had more pronounced effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In vivo administration of RITA or GANT61 suppressed rhabdomyosarcoma xenograft growth in nude mice; however, co-administration did not further enhance tumor suppression, even though cell proliferation was decreased. RITA was more potent than GANT61 in downregulating HH target gene expression; surprisingly, this suppressive effect was almost completely eliminated when the two drugs were administered together. Notably, RNA-seq demonstrated a broader response of pathways involved in cancer cell growth in the combination treatment, providing a plausible interpretation for tumor reduction in the absence of HH signaling downregulation.
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16
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Shin D, Kim EH, Lee J, Roh JL. RITA plus 3-MA overcomes chemoresistance of head and neck cancer cells via dual inhibition of autophagy and antioxidant systems. Redox Biol 2017; 13:219-227. [PMID: 28582730 PMCID: PMC5925444 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis (RITA) is a small molecule that blocks p53–MDM2 interaction, thereby reactivating p53 in tumors. RITA can induce exclusive apoptosis in cancer cells independently of the p53 pathway; however, the resistance of cancer cells remains a major drawback. Here, we found a novel resistance mechanism of RITA treatment and an effective combined treatment to overcome RITA resistance in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells. The effects of RITA and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) were tested in different HNC cell lines, including cisplatin-resistant and acquired RITA-resistant HNC cells. The effects of each drug alone and in combination were assessed by measuring cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, glutathione, reactive oxygen species, protein expression, genetic inhibition of p62 and Nrf2, and a mouse xenograft model of cisplatin-resistant HNC. RITA induced apoptosis of HNC cells at different levels without significantly inhibiting normal cell viability. Following RITA treatment, RITA-resistant HNC cells exhibited a sustained expression of other autophagy-related proteins, overexpressed p62, and displayed activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA sensitized resistant HNC cells to RITA treatment via the dual inhibition of molecules related to the autophagy and antioxidant systems. Silencing of the p62 gene augmented the combined effects. The effective antitumor activity of RITA plus 3-MA was also confirmed in vivo in mouse xenograft models transplanted with resistant HNC cells, showing increased oxidative stress and DNA damage. The results indicate that RITA plus 3-MA can help overcome RITA resistance in HNC cells. Condensed abstract This study revealed a novel RITA resistant mechanism associated with the sustained induction of autophagy, p62 overexpression, and Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant system activation. The combined treatment of RITA with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine overcomes RITA resistance via dual inhibition of autophagy and antioxidant systems in vitro and in vivo. RITA induces apoptosis of HNC cells at different levels. RITA resistance is related to the sustained expression of autophagy proteins and p62. Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant system is also engaged in the RITA resistance mechanism. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA sensitizes resistant HNC cells to RITA treatment. RITA plus 3-MA induces apoptosis of resistant HNC cells via dual inhibition of autophagy and Nrf2 system in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiha Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewang Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Luo ZY, Jiang H, Xu L, Zhang XH. [Rita induce acute lymphoblostic leukemia cell apoptosis by activating P53 pathway]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:160-163. [PMID: 28279043 PMCID: PMC7354173 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - H Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China
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18
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Zhou G, Liu Z, Myers JN. TP53 Mutations in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Their Impact on Disease Progression and Treatment Response. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2682-2692. [PMID: 27166782 PMCID: PMC5493146 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies describing the mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) on a genomic scale by our group and others, including The Cancer Genome Atlas, have provided unprecedented perspective for understanding the molecular pathogenesis of HNSCC progression and response to treatment. These studies confirmed that mutations of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene were the most frequent of all somatic genomic alterations in HNSCC, alluding to the importance of the TP53 gene in suppressing the development and progression of this disease. Clinically, TP53 mutations are significantly associated with short survival time and tumor resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in HNSCC patients, which makes the TP53 mutation status a potentially useful molecular factor for risk stratification and predictor of clinical response in these patients. In addition to loss of wild-type p53 function and the dominant-negative effect on the remaining wild-type p53, some p53 mutants often gain oncogenic functions to promote tumorigenesis and progression. Different p53 mutants may possess different gain-of-function properties. Herein, we review the most up-to-date information about TP53 mutations available via The Cancer Genome Atlas-based analysis of HNSCC and discuss our current understanding of the potential tumor-suppressive role of p53, focusing on gain-of-function activities of p53 mutations. We also summarize our knowledge regarding the use of the TP53 mutation status as a potential evaluation or stratification biomarker for prognosis and a predictor of clinical response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in HNSCC patients. Finally, we discuss possible strategies for targeting HNSCCs bearing TP53 mutations. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2682-2692, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhou
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, 77030.
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19
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Castellanos MR, Pan Q. Novel p53 therapies for head and neck cancer. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 2:68-75. [PMID: 29204550 PMCID: PMC5698513 DOI: 10.1016/j.wjorl.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 is the predominant pathogenetic event in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The p53 pathway in HNSCC can be compromised through multiple mechanisms including gene mutations, hyperactivation of endogenous negative p53 regulators and by the human papillomavirus E6 protein. Inactivation of p53 is associated with poor clinical response and outcome; therefore, restoration of the p53 signaling cascade may be an effective approach to ablate HNSCC cells. Viral approaches to restore p53 activity in HNSCC have been well-studied and shown modest activity in clinical trials. Recent work has focused on high-throughput screens and rational designs to identify and develop small molecules to rescue p53 function. Several p53-targeting small molecules have demonstrated very promising activity in pre-clinical studies but have yet progressed to the clinical setting. Further development of p53 therapies, in particular chemical approaches, should be prioritized and evaluated in the HNSCC setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R Castellanos
- Division of Research, Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health, Staten Island, NY 10305, United States
| | - Quintin Pan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.,Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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20
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Luan J, Li X, Guo R, Liu S, Luo H, You Q. Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with the enhancement of X-ray susceptibility by RITA in a hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cell line (FaDu). Radiol Oncol 2016; 50:168-74. [PMID: 27247549 PMCID: PMC4852962 DOI: 10.1515/raon-2016-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next generation sequencing and bio-informatic analyses were conducted to investigate the mechanism of reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis (RITA)-enhancing X-ray susceptibility in FaDu cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cDNA was isolated from FaDu cells treated with 0 X-ray, 8 Gy X-ray, or 8 Gy X-ray + RITA. Then, cDNA libraries were created and sequenced using next generation sequencing, and each assay was repeated twice. Subsequently, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Cuffdiff in Cufflinks and their functions were predicted by pathway enrichment analyses. Genes that were constantly up- or down-regulated in 8 Gy X-ray-treated FaDu cells and 8 Gy X-ray + RITA-treated FaDu cells were obtained as RITA genes. Afterward, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) relationships were obtained from the STRING database and a PPI network was constructed using Cytoscape. Furthermore, ClueGO was used for pathway enrichment analysis of genes in the PPI network. RESULTS Total 2,040 and 297 DEGs were identified in FaDu cells treated with 8 Gy X-ray or 8 Gy X-ray + RITA, respectively. PARP3 and NEIL1 were enriched in base excision repair, and CDK1 was enriched in p53 signaling pathway. RFC2 and EZH2 were identified as RITA genes. In the PPI network, many interaction relationships were identified (e.g., RFC2-CDK1, EZH2-CDK1 and PARP3-EZH2). ClueGO analysis showed that RFC2 and EZH2 were related to cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS RFC2, EZH2, CDK1, PARP3 and NEIL1 may be associated, and together enhance the susceptibility of FaDu cells treated with RITA to the deleterious effects of X-ray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Luan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xianglan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rutao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingshan You
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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21
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Janiszewska J, Szaumkessel M, Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Bednarek K, Paczkowska J, Jackowska J, Grenman R, Szyfter K, Wierzbicka M, Giefing M, Jarmuz-Szymczak M. Global miRNA Expression Profiling Identifies miR-1290 as Novel Potential oncomiR in Laryngeal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144924. [PMID: 26694163 PMCID: PMC4692263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the most common group among head and neck cancers. LSCC is characterized by a high incidence in Europe. With the aim of better understanding its genetic background we performed global miRNA expression profiling of LSCC cell lines and primary specimens. By this approach we identified a cohort of 33 upregulated and 9 downregulated miRNA genes in LSCC as compared to epithelial no tumor controls. Results Within this group we identified overexpression of the novel miR-1290 gene not reported in the context of LSCC before. Using a combined bioinformatical approach in connection with functional analysis we delineated two putative target genes of miR-1290 namely ITPR2 and MAF which are significantly downregulated in LSCC. They are interesting candidates for tumor suppressor genes as they are implicated in apoptosis and other processes deregulated in cancer. Conclusion Taken together, we propose miR-1290 as the new oncomiR involved in LSCC pathogenesis. Additionally, we suggest that the oncogenic potential of miR-1290 might be expressed by the involvement in downregulation of its target genes MAF and ITPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Janiszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cancer Genetics, Poznan, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcin Szaumkessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cancer Genetics, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Bednarek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cancer Genetics, Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Paczkowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cancer Genetics, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Jackowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Reidar Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Krzysztof Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cancer Genetics, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Audiology and Phoniatry, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Wierzbicka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cancer Genetics, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Jarmuz-Szymczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Cancer Genetics, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Hematology, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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22
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Woo SH, Yang LP, Chuang HC, Fitzgerald A, Lee HY, Pickering C, Myers JN, Skinner HD. Down-regulation of malic enzyme 1 and 2: Sensitizing head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells to therapy-induced senescence. Head Neck 2015; 38 Suppl 1:E934-40. [PMID: 25994759 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to present the results of our investigation of malic enzyme (ME) expression and the induction of senescence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). METHODS P53, ME1, ME2, and aspects of cellular metabolism, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) were investigated in HNSCC cell lines. RESULTS Both metformin and ionizing radiation inhibited the expression of ME2, but not ME1, in HNSCC. Knockdown of ME1 or ME2 potentiated therapy-induced senescence in HNSCC cells regardless of p53 status, and led to increased p21 and generation of ROS. Therapy-induced senescence in ME-depleted cells was blocked by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. Finally, high expression of ME2 was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) in patients with HNSCC. CONCLUSION Depletion of ME enhances therapy-induced senescence and seems driven largely by ROS. ME2 expression in HNSCC may be associated with poor outcome, providing a possible link between therapy-induced senescence and patient outcome, and indicating a potential therapeutic benefit of targeting ME2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E934-E940, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyeok Woo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Liang P Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui-Ching Chuang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Alison Fitzgerald
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ho-Young Lee
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Curtis Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Zhu H, Abulimiti M, Liu H, Su XJ, Liu CH, Pei HP. RITA enhances irradiation-induced apoptosis in p53-defective cervical cancer cells via upregulation of IRE1α/XBP1 signaling. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1279-88. [PMID: 26134873 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is the most widely used treatment for patients with cervical cancer. Recent studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces apoptosis and sensitizes tumor cells to radiotherapy, which reportedly induces ER stress in cells. Classical key tumor suppressor p53 is involved in the response to a variety of cellular stresses, including those incurred by ionizing irradiation. A recent study demonstrated that small-molecule RITA (reactivation of p53 and induction of tumor cell apoptosis) increased the radiosensitivity of tumor cells expressing mutant p53 (mtp53). In the present study, we explored the effects and the underlying mechanisms of RITA in regards to the radiosensitivity and ER stress in mtp53-expressing human cervix cancer cells. Treatment with 1 µM of RITA for 24 h before irradiation markedly decreased survival and increased apoptosis in C-33A and HT-3 cells; the effects were not significantly altered by knockdown of p53. In the irradiated C-33A and HT-3 cells, RITA significantly increased the expression of IRE1α, the spliced XBP1 mRNA level, as well as apoptosis; the effects were abolished by knockdown of IRE1α. Transcriptional pulse-chase assays revealed that RITA significantly increased the stability of IRE1α mRNA in the irradiated C-33A and HT-3 cells. In contrast, the same RITA treatment did not show any significant effect on sham-irradiated cells. In conclusion, the present study provides initial evidence that RITA upregulates the expression level of IRE1α by increasing the stability of IRE1α mRNA in irradiated mtp53-expressing cervical cancer cells; the effect leads to enhanced IRE1α/XBP1 ER stress signaling and increased apoptosis in the cells. The present study offers novel insight into the pharmacological potential of RITA in the radiotherapy for cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Muyasha Abulimiti
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Jiang Su
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Cai-Hong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ping Pei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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