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Wu Z, Yuan R, Gu Q, Wu X, Gu L, Ye X, Zhou Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Chen X. Parasitoid Serpins Evolve Novel Functions to Manipulate Host Homeostasis. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad269. [PMID: 38061001 PMCID: PMC10735303 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitoids introduce various virulence factors when parasitism occurs, and some taxa generate teratocytes to manipulate the host immune system and metabolic homeostasis for the survival and development of their progeny. Host-parasitoid interactions are extremely diverse and complex, yet the evolutionary dynamics are still poorly understood. A category of serpin genes, named CvT-serpins, was discovered to be specifically expressed and secreted by the teratocytes of Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the C. vestalis serpin genes are duplicated and most of them are clustered into 1 monophyletic clade. Intense positive selection was detected at the residues around the P1-P1' cleavage sites of the Cv-serpin reactive center loop domain. Functional analyses revealed that, in addition to the conserved function of melanization inhibition (CvT-serpins 1, 16, 18, and 21), CvT-serpins exhibited novel functions, i.e. bacteriostasis (CvT-serpins 3 and 5) and nutrient metabolism regulation (CvT-serpins 8 and 10). When the host-parasitoid system is challenged with foreign bacteria, CvT-serpins act as an immune regulator to reprogram the host immune system through sustained inhibition of host melanization while simultaneously functioning as immune effectors to compensate for this suppression. In addition, we provided evidence that CvT-serpin8 and 10 participate in the regulation of host trehalose and lipid levels by affecting genes involved in these metabolic pathways. These findings illustrate an exquisite tactic by which parasitoids win out in the parasite-host evolutionary arms race by manipulating host immune and nutrition homeostasis via adaptive gene evolution and neofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhong Yuan
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qijuan Gu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Gu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiqian Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Morales-Velásquez M, Barón-Vera JP, Pulgarín-Osorio MI, Sánchez-Jiménez MM, Ospina-Villa JD. Identification of the ATPase alpha subunit of Trypanosoma cruzi as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of Chagas disease. Biomarkers 2023; 28:599-607. [PMID: 37667642 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2255756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (CD) is considered by the World Health Organisation (WHO) a neglected disease endemic to the Americas, but it has spread throughout the world due to migrations. The disease is almost 100% curable if detected in time. Still, the lack of rapid diagnostic tests with sufficient sensitivity and specificity leads to a chronic phase with a mortality of about 50,000 people worldwide per year. METHODS Using the total proteins extracted from serum samples of patients confirmed with chronic phase CD; we performed the Bio-SELEX strategy. The best aptamers were selected using next-generation sequencing (NGS) based on their most abundant sequences (reads and rpm). Then, selected aptamers were used to isolate potential biomarkers directly from serum samples of patients with chronic phase CD using pull-down and mass spectrometry experiments. RESULTS CH1 aptamer was the aptamer selected after the NGS results analysis. The pull-down and mass spectrometry experiments identified the presence of the ATPase alpha subunit of T. cruzi circulating in serum samples of patients with chronic phase CD. CONCLUSIONS We report the ATPase alpha subunit of T. cruzi as a potential biomarker for chronic phase CD and CH1 aptamer as a potential tool for diagnosing CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morales-Velásquez
- Tropical Medicine, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical - ICMT, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - J P Barón-Vera
- Tropical Medicine, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical - ICMT, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - M I Pulgarín-Osorio
- Tropical Medicine, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical - ICMT, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - M M Sánchez-Jiménez
- Tropical Medicine, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical - ICMT, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
| | - J D Ospina-Villa
- Tropical Medicine, Instituto Colombiano de Medicina Tropical - ICMT, Universidad CES, Medellin, Colombia
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Lauko A, Volovetz J, Turaga SM, Bayik D, Silver DJ, Mitchell K, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Watson DC, Desai K, Midha M, Hao J, McCortney K, Steffens A, Naik U, Ahluwalia MS, Bao S, Horbinski C, Yu JS, Lathia JD. SerpinB3 drives cancer stem cell survival in glioblastoma. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111348. [PMID: 36103817 PMCID: PMC9513382 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic interventions for glioblastoma (GBM), cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive recurrence. The precise mechanisms underlying CSC resistance, namely inhibition of cell death, are unclear. We built on previous observations that the high cell surface expression of junctional adhesion molecule-A drives CSC maintenance and identified downstream signaling networks, including the cysteine protease inhibitor SerpinB3. Using genetic depletion approaches, we found that SerpinB3 is necessary for CSC maintenance, survival, and tumor growth, as well as CSC pathway activation. Knockdown of SerpinB3 also increased apoptosis and susceptibility to radiation therapy. SerpinB3 was essential to buffer cathepsin L-mediated cell death, which was enhanced with radiation. Finally, we found that SerpinB3 knockdown increased the efficacy of radiation in pre-clinical models. Taken together, our findings identify a GBM CSC-specific survival mechanism involving a cysteine protease inhibitor, SerpinB3, and provide a potential target to improve the efficacy of GBM therapies against therapeutically resistant CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Josephine Volovetz
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Soumya M Turaga
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Defne Bayik
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Dionysios C Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kiran Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Manav Midha
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jing Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Alicia Steffens
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ulhas Naik
- Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Shideng Bao
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yu
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Proteomic Analysis of Tears and Conjunctival Cells Collected with Schirmer Strips Using timsTOF Pro: Preanalytical Considerations. Metabolites 2021; 12:metabo12010002. [PMID: 35050124 PMCID: PMC8778087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the human proteome profile of samples collected from whole (W) Schirmer strips (ScS) and their two parts—the bulb (B) and the rest of the strip (R)—with a comprehensive proteomic approach using a trapped ion mobility mass spectrometer, the timsTOF Pro. Eight ScS were collected from two healthy subjects at four different visits to be separated into three batches, i.e., 4W, 4B, and 4R. In total, 1582 proteins were identified in the W, B, and R batches. Among all identified proteins, binding proteins (43.4%) and those with catalytic activity (42.2%) constituted more than 80% of the molecular functions. The most represented biological processes were cellular processes (31.2%), metabolic processes (20.8%), and biological regulation (13.1%). Enzymes were the most represented protein class (41%), consisting mainly of hydrolases (47.5%), oxidoreductases (22.1%), and transferases (16.7%). The bulb (B), which is in contact with the conjunctiva, might collect both tear and cell proteins and therefore promote the identification of more proteins. Processing B and R separately before mass spectrometry (MS) analysis, combined with the high data acquisition speed and the addition of ion-mobility-based separation in the timsTOF Pro, can bring a new dimension to biomarker investigations of a limited sample such as tear fluid.
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Lin HY, Song G, Lei F, Li D, Qu Y. Avian corticosteroid-binding globulin: biological function and regulatory mechanisms in physiological stress responses. Front Zool 2021; 18:22. [PMID: 33926473 PMCID: PMC8086359 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) is a high-affinity plasma protein that binds glucocorticoids (GCs) and regulates their biological activities. The structural and functional properties of CBG are crucial to understanding the biological actions of GCs in mediating stress responses and the underlying mechanisms. In response to stress, avian CBGs modulate the free and bound fractions of plasma corticosterone (CORT, the main GC), enabling them to mediate the physiological and behavioral responses that are fundamental for balancing the trade-off of energetic investment in reproduction, immunity, growth, metabolism and survival, including adaptations to extreme high-elevation or high-latitude environments. Unlike other vertebrates, avian CBGs substitute for sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in transporting androgens and regulating their bioavailability, since birds lack an Shbg gene. The three-dimensional structures of avian and mammalian CBGs are highly conserved, but the steroid-binding site topographies and their modes of binding steroids differ. Given that CBG serves as the primary transporter of both GCs and reproductive hormones in birds, we aim to review the biological properties of avian CBGs in the context of steroid hormone transportation, stress responses and adaptation to harsh environments, and to provide insight into evolutionary adaptations in CBG functions occurred to accommodate physiological and endocrine changes in birds compared with mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Gang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fumin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Dongming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China.
| | - Yanhua Qu
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Serum SCCA levels in patients suffering cancers or other diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 162:165-175. [PMID: 30905447 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) levels are clinically used diagnostic or prognostic biomarker for squamous cell carcinomas. According to recently published studies, increased serum SCCA levels are also observed in adenocarcinomas, hepatocarcinomas, kidney, and other inflammatory diseases, indicating squamous cell carcinoma is not the production source of serum SCCA in these diseases. However, serum SCCA levels in patients suffering different types of diseases have not been systematically measured and compared. Thus, in our current study, serum SCCA levels from 21,608 patients with 39 clinically defined diseases were collected and measured by the clinical laboratory in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University over the past 5 years in addition to 232 serum samples from individuals who attend their annual physical examination as the healthy controls. According to the median, mean, and -log10p values, we found that patients with uremia, azotemia, diabetic nephropathy, and nephritic syndrome had the highest serum SCCA levels among all 39 different types of diseases including patients suffering squamous cell carcinomas. Moreover, patients suffering lung cancer, cervical cancer, esophagus cancer, or chronic pulmonary disease had lower median and interquartile range values but higher or comparable mean values and significantly higher SD values than that of the healthy controls. Furthermore, patients with endometrial cancer, pancreatitis, osteoporosis, and some other diseases had lower serum SCCA levels than that of the healthy controls. These results demonstrated that serum SCCA can not only be used in diagnosis and prognosis of squamous cell carcinomas but also as biomarkers for uremia, azotemia, diabetic nephropathy, and nephritic syndrome.
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Li S, Bian H, Cao Y, Juan C, Cao Q, Zhou G, Fang Y. Identification of novel lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2081-2090. [PMID: 30675275 PMCID: PMC6341812 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore novel long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the underlying mechanisms involved in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). The GSE67684 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs (DELs) between Days 0, 8, 15 and 33 were isolated using random variance model corrective analysis of variance. Overlapping DEGs and DELs were clustered using Cluster 3.0. Bio-functional enrichment analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Interactions between lncRNAs and mRNAs were calculated using dynamic simulations, and interactions among mRNAs were predicted using the STRING database. lncRNA-mRNA and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were visualized using Cytoscape. Subsequently, the expression levels of lncRNAs in biological samples from children with or without cALL were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). A total of 593 overlapping DEGs and 21 DELs were identified. After clustering, Profile 26 exhibited a continuously increasing temporal trend, whereas Profile 1 exhibited a continuous decreasing trend. Upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 1,825 GO terms and 166 KEGG pathways, whereas downregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in 196 GO terms and 90 KEGG pathways. The lncRNAs NONHSAT027612.2 and NONHSAT134556.2 were the top two regulators in the lncRNA-mRNA network. Toll-like receptor 4, cathepsin G, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 and cathepsin S may be considered the hub genes of the PPI network. RT-qPCR results indicated that the expression levels of the lncRNAs NONHSAT027612.2 and NONHSAT134556.2 were significantly elevated in the blood and bone marrow of patients with cALL compared with the controls. In conclusion, the lncRNAs NONHSAT027612.2 and NONHSAT134556.2 may serve important roles in the pathogenesis of cALL via regulating immune response-associated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Department of Pediatrics, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Hongliang Bian
- Department of Pediatrics, Yancheng Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Yizhi Cao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chenxia Juan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Fang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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Sun Y, Sheshadri N, Zong WX. SERPINB3 and B4: From biochemistry to biology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 62:170-177. [PMID: 27637160 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human SERPINB3 and SERPINB4 are evolutionary duplicated serine/cysteine protease inhibitors. Genomic analysis indicates that these paralogous genes were encoded from independent loci arising from tandem gene duplication. Although the two molecules share 92% identity of their amino acid sequences, they are distinct in the Reactive Center Loop (RCL) including a hinge region and catalytic sequences which accounts for altered substrate specificity. Elevated expression of the two molecules has been reported to contribute to numerous pathological conditions such as inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this review, we focus on summarizing the biochemical features of SERPINB3/B4 and discussing the mechanistic basis for their biological functions and implications in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Namratha Sheshadri
- National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Wei-Xing Zong
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, United States.
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