1
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Vieira de Sá R, Sudria-Lopez E, Cañizares Luna M, Harschnitz O, van den Heuvel DMA, Kling S, Vonk D, Westeneng HJ, Karst H, Bloemenkamp L, Varderidou-Minasian S, Schlegel DK, Mars M, Broekhoven MH, van Kronenburg NCH, Adolfs Y, Vangoor VR, de Jongh R, Ljubikj T, Peeters L, Seeler S, Mocholi E, Basak O, Gordon D, Giuliani F, Verhoeff T, Korsten G, Calafat Pla T, Venø MT, Kjems J, Talbot K, van Es MA, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Zelina P, Pasterkamp RJ. ATAXIN-2 intermediate-length polyglutamine expansions elicit ALS-associated metabolic and immune phenotypes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7484. [PMID: 39209824 PMCID: PMC11362472 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate-length repeat expansions in ATAXIN-2 (ATXN2) are the strongest genetic risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). At the molecular level, ATXN2 intermediate expansions enhance TDP-43 toxicity and pathology. However, whether this triggers ALS pathogenesis at the cellular and functional level remains unknown. Here, we combine patient-derived and mouse models to dissect the effects of ATXN2 intermediate expansions in an ALS background. iPSC-derived motor neurons from ATXN2-ALS patients show altered stress granules, neurite damage and abnormal electrophysiological properties compared to healthy control and other familial ALS mutations. In TDP-43Tg-ALS mice, ATXN2-Q33 causes reduced motor function, NMJ alterations, neuron degeneration and altered in vitro stress granule dynamics. Furthermore, gene expression changes related to mitochondrial function and inflammatory response are detected and confirmed at the cellular level in mice and human neuron and organoid models. Together, these results define pathogenic defects underlying ATXN2-ALS and provide a framework for future research into ATXN2-dependent pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Vieira de Sá
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Sudria-Lopez
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Cañizares Luna
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Harschnitz
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Dianne M A van den Heuvel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Kling
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle Vonk
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk-Jan Westeneng
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Karst
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lauri Bloemenkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzy Varderidou-Minasian
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Domino K Schlegel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mayte Mars
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark H Broekhoven
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky C H van Kronenburg
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vamshidhar R Vangoor
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne de Jongh
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tijana Ljubikj
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne Peeters
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Seeler
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Enric Mocholi
- Center for Molecuar Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Onur Basak
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David Gordon
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabrizio Giuliani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Verhoeff
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Korsten
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa Calafat Pla
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Morten T Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Omiics ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevin Talbot
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael A van Es
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pavol Zelina
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Li L, Wang M, Huang L, Zheng X, Wang L, Miao H. Ataxin-2: a powerful RNA-binding protein. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:298. [PMID: 39039334 PMCID: PMC11263328 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) was originally discovered in the context of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), but it has become a key player in various neurodegenerative diseases. This review delves into the multifaceted roles of ATXN2 in human diseases, revealing its diverse molecular and cellular pathways. The impact of ATXN2 on diseases extends beyond functional outcomes; it mainly interacts with various RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to regulate different stages of post-transcriptional gene expression in diseases. With the progress of research, ATXN2 has also been found to play an important role in the development of various cancers, including breast cancer, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and esophageal cancer. This comprehensive exploration underscores the crucial role of ATXN2 in the pathogenesis of diseases and warrants further investigation by the scientific community. By reviewing the latest discoveries on the regulatory functions of ATXN2 in diseases, this article helps us understand the complex molecular mechanisms of a series of human diseases related to this intriguing protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lai Huang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaoli Zheng
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical and Military Laboratory Medicine, College of Medical Laboratory Science, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Hongming Miao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Dratch L, Bardakjian TM, Johnson K, Babaian N, Gonzalez-Alegre P, Elman L, Quinn C, Guo MH, Scherer SS, Amado DA. The Importance of Offering Exome or Genome Sequencing in Adult Neuromuscular Clinics. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:93. [PMID: 38392311 PMCID: PMC10886886 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Advances in gene-specific therapeutics for patients with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) have brought increased attention to the importance of genetic diagnosis. Genetic testing practices vary among adult neuromuscular clinics, with multi-gene panel testing currently being the most common approach; follow-up testing using broad-based methods, such as exome or genome sequencing, is less consistently offered. Here, we use five case examples to illustrate the unique ability of broad-based testing to improve diagnostic yield, resulting in identification of SORD-neuropathy, HADHB-related disease, ATXN2-ALS, MECP2 related progressive gait decline and spasticity, and DNMT1-related cerebellar ataxia, deafness, narcolepsy, and hereditary sensory neuropathy type 1E. We describe in each case the technological advantages that enabled identification of the causal gene, and the resultant clinical and personal implications for the patient, demonstrating the importance of offering exome or genome sequencing to adults with NMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laynie Dratch
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Tanya M. Bardakjian
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Sarepta Therapeutics Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kelsey Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nareen Babaian
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Pedro Gonzalez-Alegre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Spark Therapeutics, Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Elman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Colin Quinn
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael H. Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven S. Scherer
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Defne A. Amado
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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4
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Borrego-Hernández D, Vázquez-Costa JF, Domínguez-Rubio R, Expósito-Blázquez L, Aller E, Padró-Miquel A, García-Casanova P, Colomina MJ, Martín-Arriscado C, Osta R, Cordero-Vázquez P, Esteban-Pérez J, Povedano-Panadés M, García-Redondo A. Intermediate Repeat Expansion in the ATXN2 Gene as a Risk Factor in the ALS and FTD Spanish Population. Biomedicines 2024; 12:356. [PMID: 38397958 PMCID: PMC10886453 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermediate CAG expansions in the gene ataxin-2 (ATXN2) are a known risk factor for ALS, but little is known about their role in FTD risk. Moreover, their contribution to the risk and phenotype of patients might vary in populations with different genetic backgrounds. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of intermediate CAG expansions in ATXN2 with the risk and phenotype of ALS and FTD in the Spanish population. Repeat-primed PCR was performed in 620 ALS and 137 FTD patients in three referral centers in Spain to determine the exact number of CAG repeats. In our cohort, ≥27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 were associated with a higher risk of developing ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.666 [1.471-4.882]; p = 0.0013) but not FTD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.446 [0.558-3.574]; p = 0.44). Moreover, ALS patients with ≥27 CAG repeats in ATXN2 showed a shorter survival rate compared to those with <27 repeats (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74 [1.18, 2.56], p = 0.005), more frequent limb onset (odds ratio [OR] = 2.34 [1.093-4.936]; p = 0.028) and a family history of ALS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.538 [1.375-4.634]; p = 0.002). Intermediate CAG expansions of ≥27 repeats in ATXN2 are associated with ALS risk but not with FTD in the Spanish population. ALS patients carrying an intermediate expansion in ATXN2 show more frequent limb onset but a worse prognosis than those without expansions. In patients carrying C9orf72 expansions, the intermediate ATXN2 expansion might increase the penetrance and modify the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Juan Francisco Vázquez-Costa
- Neuromuscular Unit, ERN-NMD Group, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.V.-C.); (P.G.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez-Rubio
- Motoneuron Functional Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (M.P.-P.)
| | - Laura Expósito-Blázquez
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Elena Aller
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Genetics Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ariadna Padró-Miquel
- Genetics Laboratory (LCTMS), Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | - Pilar García-Casanova
- Neuromuscular Unit, ERN-NMD Group, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (J.F.V.-C.); (P.G.-C.)
| | - María J. Colomina
- Anesthesia Service Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain;
| | | | - Rosario Osta
- Laboratório de Genética e Biotecnologia (LAGENBIO), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza University, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Pilar Cordero-Vázquez
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Jesús Esteban-Pérez
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
| | - Mónica Povedano-Panadés
- Motoneuron Functional Unit, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (R.D.-R.); (M.P.-P.)
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- ALS Research Laboratory Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain; (L.E.-B.); (P.C.-V.); (J.E.-P.); (A.G.-R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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5
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Zhang G, E M, Zhou X. Environmental and Occupational solvents exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2023:10.1007/s10072-023-06718-8. [PMID: 36897461 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies focusing on the association between environmental and occupational solvent exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have yielded inconsistent results. Herein we present the results of a meta-analysis on the correlation between solvent exposure and ALS. We searched for eligible studies that reported ALS with exposure to solvents in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to December 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of the article and a meta-analysis was performed using a random effect model. Thirteen articles, including two cohort studies and 13 case-control studies with 6365 cases and 173,321 controls were selected. The odds ratio (OR) for the association between solvent exposure and ALS was 1.31 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.54) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 59.7%; p = 0.002). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the results, and publication bias was not detected. These results indicated that environmental and occupational solvent exposure was associated with the risk of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, 6 Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, 222061, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng E
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 52 Shangfangsi Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Yangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 52 Shangfangsi Road, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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6
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TR-FRET-Based Immunoassay to Measure Ataxin-2 as a Target Engagement Marker in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3553-3567. [PMID: 36894829 PMCID: PMC10122633 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is an autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease, which belongs to the trinucleotide repeat disease group with a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the ATXN2 gene resulting in an ataxin-2 protein with an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ)-stretch. The disease is late manifesting leading to early death. Today, therapeutic interventions to cure the disease or even to decelerate disease progression are not available yet. Furthermore, primary readout parameter for disease progression and therapeutic intervention studies are limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for quantifiable molecular biomarkers such as ataxin-2 becoming even more important due to numerous potential protein-lowering therapeutic intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to establish a sensitive technique to measure the amount of soluble polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 in human biofluids to evaluate ataxin-2 protein levels as prognostic and/or therapeutic biomarker in SCA2. Time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer (TR-FRET) was used to establish a polyQ-expanded ataxin-2-specific immunoassay. Two different ataxin-2 antibodies and two different polyQ-binding antibodies were validated in three different concentrations and tested in cellular and animal tissue as well as in human cell lines, comparing different buffer conditions to evaluate the best assay conditions. We established a TR-FRET-based immunoassay for soluble polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 and validated measurements in human cell lines including iPSC-derived cortical neurons. Additionally, our immunoassay was sensitive enough to monitor small ataxin-2 expression changes by siRNA or starvation treatment. We successfully established the first sensitive ataxin-2 immunoassay to measure specifically soluble polyQ-expanded ataxin-2 in human biomaterials.
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7
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Wijegunawardana D, Vishal SS, Venkatesh N, Gopal PP. Ataxin-2 polyglutamine expansions aberrantly sequester TDP-43, drive ribonucleoprotein condensate transport dysfunction and suppress local translation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.30.526372. [PMID: 36778347 PMCID: PMC9915502 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.30.526372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Altered RNA metabolism is a common pathogenic mechanism linked to familial and sporadic Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS is characterized by mislocalization and aggregation of TDP-43, an RNA-binding protein (RBP) with multiple roles in post-transcriptional RNA processing. Recent studies have identified genetic interactions between TDP-43 and Ataxin-2, a polyglutamine (polyQ) RBP in which intermediate length polyQ expansions confer increased ALS risk. Here, we used live-cell confocal imaging, photobleaching and translation reporter assays to study the localization, transport dynamics and mRNA regulatory functions of TDP-43/Ataxin-2 in rodent primary cortical neurons. We show that Ataxin-2 polyQ expansions aberrantly sequester TDP-43 within ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates, and disrupt both its motility along the axon and liquid-like properties. Our data suggest that Ataxin-2 governs motility and translation of neuronal RNP condensates and that Ataxin-2 polyQ expansions fundamentally perturb spatial localization of mRNA and suppress local translation. Overall, these results indicate Ataxin-2 polyQ expansions have detrimental effects on stability, localization, and translation of transcripts critical for axonal and cytoskeletal integrity, particularly important for motor neurons.
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8
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Putka AF, Mato JP, McLoughlin HS. Myelinating Glia: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Polyglutamine Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Cells 2023; 12:601. [PMID: 36831268 PMCID: PMC9953858 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human studies, in combination with animal and cellular models, support glial cells as both major contributors to neurodegenerative diseases and promising therapeutic targets. Among glial cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively. In this review, we discuss the contributions of these central and peripheral myelinating glia to the pathomechanisms of polyglutamine (polyQ) spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17. First, we highlight the function of oligodendrocytes in healthy conditions and how they are disrupted in polyQ SCA patients and diseased model systems. We then cover the role of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve function and repair as well as their possible role in peripheral neuropathy in polyQ SCAs. Finally, we discuss potential polyQ SCA therapeutic interventions in myelinating glial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra F. Putka
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Juan P. Mato
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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9
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Salmon K, Ross JP, Bertone V, Gobbo M, Anoja N, Karamchandani J, Dion PA, Rouleau GA, Genge A. The value of testing for ATXN2 intermediate repeat expansions in routine clinical practice for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1205-1207. [PMID: 35864146 PMCID: PMC9626461 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana Salmon
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jay P. Ross
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Vanessa Bertone
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Maria Gobbo
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Nancy Anoja
- grid.63984.300000 0000 9064 4811Department of Medical Genetics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Patrick A. Dion
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Guy A. Rouleau
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Angela Genge
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
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10
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Su WM, Gu XJ, Duan QQ, Jiang Z, Gao X, Shang HF, Chen YP. Genetic factors for survival in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an integrated approach combining a systematic review, pairwise and network meta-analysis. BMC Med 2022; 20:209. [PMID: 35754054 PMCID: PMC9235235 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The time of survival in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) varies greatly, and the genetic factors that contribute to the survival of ALS are not well studied. There is a lack of a comprehensive study to elucidate the role of genetic factors in the survival of ALS. METHODS The published studies were systematically searched and obtained from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library without any language restrictions from inception to Oct 27, 2021. A network meta-analysis for ALS causative/risk genes and a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis for other genetic modifiers were conducted. The PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022311646. RESULTS A total of 29,764 potentially relevant references were identified, and 71 papers were eligible for analysis based on pre-decided criteria, including 35 articles in network meta-analysis for 9 ALS causative/risk genes, 17 articles in pairwise meta-analysis for four genetic modifiers, and 19 articles described in the systematic review. Variants in three genes, including ATXN2 (HR: 3.6), C9orf72 (HR: 1.6), and FUS (HR:1.8), were associated with short survival of ALS, but such association was not identified in SOD1, TARDBP, TBK1, NEK1, UBQLN2, and CCNF. In addition, UNC13A rs12608932 CC genotype and ZNF521B rs2275294 C allele also caused a shorter survival of ALS; however, APOE ε4 allele and KIFAP3 rs1541160 did not be found to have any effect on the survival of ALS. CONCLUSIONS Our study summarized and contrasted evidence for prognostic genetic factors in ALS and would help to understand ALS pathogenesis and guide clinical trials and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ming Su
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (III), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Centre for Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Gu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (III), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Centre for Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Duan
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (III), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Centre for Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (III), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Centre for Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Dazhou Central Hospital, Dazhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui-Fang Shang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (III), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Centre for Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Ping Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Lab of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Inflammation and Immunology (III), Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Centre for Rare Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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11
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Glass JD, Dewan R, Ding J, Gibbs JR, Dalgard C, Keagle PJ, Shankaracharya, García-Redondo A, Traynor BJ, Chia R, Landers JE. ATXN2 intermediate expansions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2022; 145:2671-2676. [PMID: 35521889 PMCID: PMC9890463 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate CAG (polyQ) expansions in the gene ataxin-2 (ATXN2) are now recognized as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The threshold for increased risk is not yet firmly established, with reports ranging from 27 to 31 repeats. We investigated the presence of ATXN2 polyQ expansions in 9268 DNA samples collected from people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia, frontotemporal dementia alone, Lewy body dementia and age matched controls. This analysis confirmed ATXN2 intermediate polyQ expansions of ≥31 as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with an odds ratio of 6.31. Expansions were an even greater risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia (odds ratio 27.59) and a somewhat lesser risk for frontotemporal dementia alone (odds ratio 3.14). There was no increased risk for Lewy body dementia. In a subset of 1362 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with complete clinical data, we could not confirm previous reports of earlier onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or shorter survival in 25 patients with expansions. These new data confirm ≥31 polyQ repeats in ATXN2 increase the risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and also for the first time show an even greater risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia. The lack of a more aggressive phenotype in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with expansions has implications for ongoing gene-silencing trials for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Glass
- Correspondence to: Jonathan D. Glass, MD Department of Neurology, Emory University 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA E-mail:
| | - Ramita Dewan
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - J Raphael Gibbs
- Computational Biology Group, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clifton Dalgard
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Pamela J Keagle
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Shankaracharya
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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12
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Hou X, Li W, Liu P, Liu Z, Yuan Y, Ni J, Shen L, Tang B, Wang J. The Clinical and Ploynucleotide Repeat Expansion Analysis of ATXN2, NOP56, AR and C9orf72 in Patients With ALS From Mainland China. Front Neurol 2022; 13:811202. [PMID: 35599735 PMCID: PMC9120572 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.811202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Repeat expansions, including those in C9orf72 and ATXN2, have been implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, there have been few studies on the association of AR and NOP56 repeat expansion with ALS, especially in China. Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of C9orf72 and ATXN2 repeat mutations and investigate whether NOP56 and AR repeat expansion are risk factors for ALS. Methods In this study, 736 ALS patients and several hundred healthy controls were recruited. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and repeat-primed PCR (RP-PCR) were performed to determine the repeat lengths in C9orf72, ATXN2, AR, and NOP56. Results GGGGCC repeats in C9orf72 were observed in six ALS patients (0.8%, 6/736) but not in any of the controls (0/365). The patients with pathogenic GGGGCC repeats showed shorter median survival times than those with a normal genotype (p = 0.006). Regarding ATXN2 CAG repeats, we identified that intermediate repeat lengths (29–34 copies) were associated with ALS (p = 0.033), and there was no difference in clinical characteristics between the groups with and without intermediate repeats (p > 0.05). Meanwhile, we observed that there was no association between the repeat size in AR and NOP56 and ALS (p > 0.05). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that pathogenetic repeats in C9orf72 are rare in China, while intermediate CAG repeats in ATXN2 are more frequent but have no effect on disease phenotypes; the repeat size in AR and NOP56 may not be a risk factor for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Hou
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanzhen Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanchun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Junling Wang
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13
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Konopka A, Atkin JD. DNA Damage, Defective DNA Repair, and Neurodegeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:786420. [PMID: 35572138 PMCID: PMC9093740 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.786420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA is under constant attack from both endogenous and exogenous sources, and when damaged, specific cellular signalling pathways respond, collectively termed the “DNA damage response.” Efficient DNA repair processes are essential for cellular viability, although they decline significantly during aging. Not surprisingly, DNA damage and defective DNA repair are now increasingly implicated in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS affects both upper and lower motor neurons in the brain, brainstem and spinal cord, leading to muscle wasting due to denervation. DNA damage is increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of ALS, and interestingly, the number of DNA damage or repair proteins linked to ALS is steadily growing. This includes TAR DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), a DNA/RNA binding protein that is present in a pathological form in almost all (97%) cases of ALS. Hence TDP-43 pathology is central to neurodegeneration in this condition. Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) bears structural and functional similarities to TDP-43 and it also functions in DNA repair. Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) is also fundamental to ALS because mutations in C9orf72 are the most frequent genetic cause of both ALS and related condition frontotemporal dementia, in European and North American populations. Genetic variants encoding other proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) have also been described in ALS, including FUS, SOD1, SETX, VCP, CCNF, and NEK1. Here we review recent evidence highlighting DNA damage and defective DNA repair as an important mechanism linked to neurodegeneration in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konopka
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie Medical School, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anna Konopka,
| | - Julie D. Atkin
- Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie Medical School, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Julie D. Atkin,
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14
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Advanced Gene-Targeting Therapies for Motor Neuron Diseases and Muscular Dystrophies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094824. [PMID: 35563214 PMCID: PMC9101723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a revolutionary, cutting-edge approach to permanently ameliorate or amend many neuromuscular diseases by targeting their genetic origins. Motor neuron diseases and muscular dystrophies, whose genetic causes are well known, are the frontiers of this research revolution. Several genetic treatments, with diverse mechanisms of action and delivery methods, have been approved during the past decade and have demonstrated remarkable results. However, despite the high number of genetic treatments studied preclinically, those that have been advanced to clinical trials are significantly fewer. The most clinically advanced treatments include adeno-associated virus gene replacement therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, and RNA interference. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advanced gene therapies for motor neuron diseases (i.e., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy) and muscular dystrophies (i.e., Duchenne muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, and myotonic dystrophy) tested in clinical trials. Emphasis has been placed on those methods that are a few steps away from their authoritative approval.
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15
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Sharma P, Sonakar AK, Tyagi N, Suroliya V, Kumar M, Kutum R, Asokchandran V, Ambawat S, Shamim U, Anand A, Ahmad I, Shakya S, Uppili B, Mathur A, Parveen S, Jain S, Singh J, Seth M, Zahra S, Joshi A, Goel D, Sahni S, Kamai A, Wadhwa S, Murali A, Saifi S, Chowdhury D, Pandey S, Anand KS, Narasimhan RL, Laskar S, Kushwaha S, Kumar M, Shaji CV, Srivastava MVP, Srivastava AK, Faruq M. Genetics of Ataxias in Indian Population: A Collative Insight from a Common Genetic Screening Tool. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:2100078. [PMID: 36618024 PMCID: PMC9744545 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) represent a group of autosomal dominant and recessive neurodegenerative disorders affecting cerebellum with or without spinal cord. Overall, CAs have preponderance for tandem nucleotide repeat expansions as an etiological factor (10 TREs explain nearly 30-40% of ataxia cohort globally). The experience of 10 years of common genetic ataxia subtypes for ≈5600 patients' referrals (Pan-India) received at a single center is shared herein. Frequencies (in %, n) of SCA types and FRDA in the sample cohort are observed as follows: SCA12 (8.6%, 490); SCA2 (8.5%, 482); SCA1 (4.8%, 272); SCA3 (2%, 113); SCA7 (0.5%, 28); SCA6 (0.1%, 05); SCA17 (0.1%, 05), and FRDA (2.2%, 127). A significant amount of variability in TRE lengths at each locus is observed, we noted presence of biallelic expansion, co-occurrence of SCA-subtypes, and the presence of premutable normal alleles. The frequency of mutated GAA-FRDA allele in healthy controls is 1/158 (0.63%), thus an expected FRDA prevalence of 1:100 000 persons. The data of this study are relevant not only for clinical decision making but also for guidance in direction of genetic investigations, transancestral comparison of genotypes, and lastly provide insight for policy decision for the consideration of SCAs under rare disease category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | | | - Nishu Tyagi
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | - Varun Suroliya
- Neurology DepartmentNeuroscience CentreNew Delhi110029India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | - Rintu Kutum
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Vivekananda Asokchandran
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | - Sakshi Ambawat
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Avni Anand
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Ishtaq Ahmad
- Neurology DepartmentNeuroscience CentreNew Delhi110029India
| | - Sunil Shakya
- Neurology DepartmentNeuroscience CentreNew Delhi110029India
| | - Bharathram Uppili
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | - Aradhana Mathur
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Shaista Parveen
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Shweta Jain
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Neurology DepartmentNeuroscience CentreNew Delhi110029India
| | - Malika Seth
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Sana Zahra
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | - Aditi Joshi
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Divya Goel
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Shweta Sahni
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Asangla Kamai
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | - Saruchi Wadhwa
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
| | - Aparna Murali
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | - Sheeba Saifi
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India
| | | | - Sanjay Pandey
- Department of NeurologyGB Pant HospitalDelhi110002India
| | - Kuljeet Singh Anand
- Department of NeurologyPost Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchDr. Ram Manohar Lohia HospitalNew Delhi110001India
| | | | | | - Suman Kushwaha
- Department of NeurologyInstitute of Human Behaviour and Allied SciencesDelhi110095India
| | | | | | | | | | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular MedicineCSIR‐Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR‐IGIB)Mall RoadDelhi110007India,Academy for Scientific and Innovative ResearchGhaziabadUttar Pradesh201002India
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Sidhom E, O’Brien JT, Butcher AJ, Smith HL, Mallucci GR, Underwood BR. Targeting the Unfolded Protein Response as a Disease-Modifying Pathway in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2021. [PMID: 35216136 PMCID: PMC8877151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a global medical and societal challenge; it has devastating personal, social and economic costs, which will increase rapidly as the world's population ages. Despite this, there are no disease-modifying treatments for dementia; current therapy modestly improves symptoms but does not change the outcome. Therefore, new treatments are urgently needed-particularly any that can slow down the disease's progression. Many of the neurodegenerative diseases that lead to dementia are characterised by common pathological responses to abnormal protein production and misfolding in brain cells, raising the possibility of the broad application of therapeutics that target these common processes. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is one such mechanism. The UPR is a highly conserved cellular stress response to abnormal protein folding and is widely dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we describe the basic machinery of the UPR, as well as the evidence for its overactivation and pathogenicity in dementia, and for the marked neuroprotective effects of its therapeutic manipulation in murine models of these disorders. We discuss drugs identified as potential UPR-modifying therapeutic agents-in particular the licensed antidepressant trazodone-and we review epidemiological and trial data from their use in human populations. Finally, we explore future directions for investigating the potential benefit of using trazodone or similar UPR-modulating compounds for disease modification in patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Sidhom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Windsor Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - John T. O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
| | - Adrian J. Butcher
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Heather L. Smith
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Giovanna R. Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK; (E.S.); (A.J.B.); (H.L.S.); (G.R.M.)
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Benjamin R. Underwood
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Windsor Research Unit, Fulbourn Hospital, Cambridge CB21 5EF, UK
- Gnodde Goldman Sachs Translational Neuroscience Unit, Windsor Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Building, Forvie Site, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK;
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17
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Gall-Duncan T, Sato N, Yuen RKC, Pearson CE. Advancing genomic technologies and clinical awareness accelerates discovery of disease-associated tandem repeat sequences. Genome Res 2022; 32:1-27. [PMID: 34965938 PMCID: PMC8744678 DOI: 10.1101/gr.269530.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Expansions of gene-specific DNA tandem repeats (TRs), first described in 1991 as a disease-causing mutation in humans, are now known to cause >60 phenotypes, not just disease, and not only in humans. TRs are a common form of genetic variation with biological consequences, observed, so far, in humans, dogs, plants, oysters, and yeast. Repeat diseases show atypical clinical features, genetic anticipation, and multiple and partially penetrant phenotypes among family members. Discovery of disease-causing repeat expansion loci accelerated through technological advances in DNA sequencing and computational analyses. Between 2019 and 2021, 17 new disease-causing TR expansions were reported, totaling 63 TR loci (>69 diseases), with a likelihood of more discoveries, and in more organisms. Recent and historical lessons reveal that properly assessed clinical presentations, coupled with genetic and biological awareness, can guide discovery of disease-causing unstable TRs. We highlight critical but underrecognized aspects of TR mutations. Repeat motifs may not be present in current reference genomes but will be in forthcoming gapless long-read references. Repeat motif size can be a single nucleotide to kilobases/unit. At a given locus, repeat motif sequence purity can vary with consequence. Pathogenic repeats can be "insertions" within nonpathogenic TRs. Expansions, contractions, and somatic length variations of TRs can have clinical/biological consequences. TR instabilities occur in humans and other organisms. TRs can be epigenetically modified and/or chromosomal fragile sites. We discuss the expanding field of disease-associated TR instabilities, highlighting prospects, clinical and genetic clues, tools, and challenges for further discoveries of disease-causing TR instabilities and understanding their biological and pathological impacts-a vista that is about to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Gall-Duncan
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nozomu Sato
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Christopher E Pearson
- Program of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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18
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Salmon K, Anoja N, Breiner A, Chum M, Dionne A, Dupré N, Fiander A, Fok D, Ghavanini A, Gosselin S, Izenberg A, Johnston W, Kalra S, Matte G, Melanson M, O'Connell C, Ritsma B, Schellenberg K, Shoesmith C, Tremblay S, Williams H, Genge A. Genetic testing for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Canada - an assessment of current practices. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 23:305-312. [PMID: 34569363 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1980890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To understand current genetic testing practices at Canadian ALS clinics. Methods: An online survey and phone interviews, with clinicians practicing in 27 ALS clinics in Canada, were employed to collect data. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted. Results: Ninety-three percent (25/27) of ALS clinics in Canada are routinely ordering genetic testing for familial ALS, while 33% (9/27) of clinics are routinely ordering genetic testing for sporadic ALS. Barriers to genetic testing include a perceived lack of an impact on treatment plan, difficulty in obtaining approvals, primarily from provincial Ministries of Health, and limited access to genetic counseling. Predictive testing practices were found to be the most variable across the country. The average wait time for a symptomatic patient living with ALS to see a genetic counselor in Canada is 10 months (range 0-36 months). Conclusions: Access to genetic testing, and testing practices, vary greatly across Canadian ALS clinics. There may be patients with a monogenetic etiology to their ALS who are not being identified given that genetic testing for patients diagnosed with ALS is not routinely performed at all clinics. This study highlights potential inequities for patients with ALS that can arise from variability in health care delivery across jurisdictions, in a federally-funded, but provincially-regulated, health care system. Clinical trials for both symptomatic ALS patients and pre-symptomatic ALS gene carriers are ongoing, and ALS clinicians in Canada are motivated to improve access to genetic testing for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristiana Salmon
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nancy Anoja
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Marvin Chum
- St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton - McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Annie Dionne
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | - Daniel Fok
- University of British Columbia - Southern Medical Program, Kelowna, Canada
| | | | - Sylvie Gosselin
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Geneviève Matte
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Benjamin Ritsma
- Providence Care Hospital - Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Angela Genge
- Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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19
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Nel M, Mavundla T, Gultig K, Botha G, Mulder N, Benatar M, Wuu J, Cooley A, Myers J, Rampersaud E, Wu G, Heckmann JM. Repeats expansions in ATXN2, NOP56, NIPA1 and ATXN1 are not associated with ALS in Africans. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2021; 10:130-135. [PMID: 34179866 PMCID: PMC8211917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized primarily by progressive loss of motor neurons. Although ALS occurs worldwide and the frequency and spectrum of identifiable genetic causes of disease varies across populations, very few studies have included African subjects. In addition to a hexanucleotide repeat expansion (RE) in C9orf72, the most common genetic cause of ALS in Europeans, REs in ATXN2, NIPA1 and ATXN1 have shown variable associations with ALS in Europeans. Intermediate range expansions in some of these genes (e.g. ATXN2) have been reported as potential risk factors, or phenotypic modifiers, of ALS. Pathogenic expansions in NOP56 cause spinocerebellar ataxia-36, which can present with prominent motor neuron degeneration. Here we compare REs in these genes in a cohort of Africans with ALS and population controls using whole genome sequencing data. Targeting genotyping of short tandem repeats at known loci within ATXN2, NIPA1, ATXN1 and NOP56 was performed using ExpansionHunter software in 105 Southern African (SA) patients with ALS. African population controls were from an in-house SA population control database (n = 25), the SA Human Genome Program (n = 24), the Simons Genome Diversity Project (n = 39) and the Illumina Polaris Diversity Cohort (IPDC) dataset (n = 50). We found intermediate RE alleles in ATXN2 (27-33 repeats) and ATXN1 (33-35 repeats), and NIPA1 long alleles (≥8 repeats) were rare in Africans, and not associated with ALS (p > 0.17). NOP56 showed no expanded alleles in either ALS or controls. We also compared the differences in allele distributions between the African and n = 50 European controls (from the IPDC). There was a statistical significant difference in the distribution of the REs in the ATXN1 between African and European controls (Chi-test p < 0.001), and NIPA1 showed proportionately more longer alleles (RE > 8) in Europeans vs. Africans (Fisher's p = 0.016). The distribution of RE alleles in ATXN2 and NOP56 were similar amongst African and European controls. In conclusion, repeat expansions in ATXN2, NIPA1 and ATXN1, which showed associations with ALS in Europeans, were not replicated in Southern Africans with ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nel
- Neurology Research Group, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Computational Biology Division, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Mavundla
- Neurology Research Group, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Computational Biology Division, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, South Africa
| | - Kayleigh Gultig
- Neurology Research Group, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerrit Botha
- Computational Biology Division, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, South Africa
| | - Nicola Mulder
- Computational Biology Division, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, South Africa
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anne Cooley
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jason Myers
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Jeannine M. Heckmann
- Neurology Research Group, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neurology division, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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Shamim U, Ambawat S, Singh J, Thomas A, Pradeep-Chandra-Reddy C, Suroliya V, Uppilli B, Parveen S, Sharma P, Chanchal S, Nashi S, Preethish-Kumar V, Vengalil S, Polavarapu K, Keerthipriya M, Mahajan NP, Reddy N, Thomas PT, Sadasivan A, Warrier M, Seth M, Zahra S, Mathur A, Vibha D, Srivastava AK, Nalini A, Faruq M. C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in Indian patients with ALS: a common founder and its geographical predilection. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 88:156.e1-156.e9. [PMID: 32035847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 is defined as a major causative factor for familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mutation frequency varies dramatically among populations of different ethnicity; however, in most cases, C9orf72 mutant has been described on a common founder haplotype. We assessed its frequency in a study cohort involving 593 clinically and electrophysiologically defined ALS cases. We also investigated the presence of reported Finnish haplotype among the mutation carriers. The identified common haplotype region was further screened in 192 (carrying 2-6 G4C2 repeats) and 96 (≥7 repeats) control chromosomes. The G4C2 expansion was observed in 3.2% (19/593) of total cases where 9/19 (47.4%) positive cases belonged to the eastern region of India. Haplotype analysis revealed 11 G4C2-Ex carriers shared the common haplotype (haplo-A) background spanning a region of ∼90 kbp (rs895021-rs11789520) including rs3849942 (a well-known global at-risk loci with T allele for G4C2 expansion). The other 3 G4C2-Ex cases had a different haplotype (haplo-B) with core difference from haplo-A at G4C2-Ex flanking 31 kbp region between rs3849942 and rs11789520 SNPs (allele 'C' of rs3849942 which is a nonrisk allele). Out of other five G4C2-cases, four carried the risk allele T of rs3849942 while one harbored the non-risk allele. This study establishes the prevalence of C9orf72 expansion in Indian ALS cases providing further evidence for geographical predilection. The global core risk haplotype predominated C9orf72 expansion-positive ALS cases, yet the existence of a different haplotype suggests a second lineage (haplo B), which may have been derived from the Finnish core haplotype or may imply a unique haplotype among Asians. The association of risk haplotype with normal intermediate C9orf72 alleles reinforced its role in conferring instability to the C9orf72-G4C2 region. We thus present an effective support to interpret future burden of ALS cases in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Shamim
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sakshi Ambawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotsna Singh
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aneesa Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Varun Suroliya
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bharathram Uppilli
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaista Parveen
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shankar Chanchal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Saraswati Nashi
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Seena Vengalil
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Muddasu Keerthipriya
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Neeraja Reddy
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priya Treesa Thomas
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arun Sadasivan
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Manjusha Warrier
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Malika Seth
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sana Zahra
- Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aradhana Mathur
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Vibha
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Achal K Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Atchayaram Nalini
- Neurology Department, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Mohammed Faruq
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Division, CSIR - Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India.
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21
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Chen SJ, Lee NC, Chien YH, Hwu WL, Lin CH. Heterogeneous nonataxic phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia in a Taiwanese population. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01414. [PMID: 31523939 PMCID: PMC6790309 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) presents with variable clinical presentations in addition to ataxia. The aim of this study was to reappraise the diverse nonataxic clinical characteristics of the five most common SCA subtypes in the Asian population. METHODS The clinical presentations of 90 patients with genetically confirmed SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, or SCA17 were assessed retrospectively between November 2008 and September 2018 at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan. RESULTS Parkinsonism was the most common nonataxic phenotype (21.1%), with a greater prevalence than Caucasian and other Asian SCA carriers. Patients with parkinsonism feature had fewer CAG repeats in SCA2 (31.0 ± 4.5 vs. 36.9 ± 6.0, p = .03) and SCA3 (65.6 ± 7.9 vs. 70.0 ± 4.2, p = .02) compared to those with pure ataxia presentation. The average age of symptom onset was significantly higher in the parkinsonism group of SCA2 (51.5 ± 8.9 vs. 35.3 ± 12.6 years, p = .007) than those with pure ataxia. Focal or segmental dystonia was identified in 4.4% of SCA patients (n = 2 each SCA2 and SCA3). Nonmotor symptoms, including impaired cognition (6.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients) and depression (9.1% of SCA2 and 8.3% of SCA3 patients), were also common nonataxic features in our SCA patients. CONCLUSIONS Parkinsonism, dystonia, and cognitive-psychiatric symptoms are common features in patients with SCA mutations in our population. Our study identifies a different clinical spectrum of SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, and SCA17 compared to Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ju Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ni-Chung Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hsiu Chien
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wuh-Liang Hwu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Goldstein O, Kedmi M, Gana-Weisz M, Twito S, Nefussy B, Vainer B, Fainmesser Y, Abraham A, Nayshool O, Orr-Urtreger A, Drory VE. Rare homozygosity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis suggests the contribution of recessive variants to disease genetics. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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23
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Zika Virus Subverts Stress Granules To Promote and Restrict Viral Gene Expression. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00520-19. [PMID: 30944179 PMCID: PMC6613768 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00520-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many viruses inhibit SGs. In this study, we observed that ZIKV restricts SG assembly, likely by relocalizing and subverting specific SG proteins to modulate ZIKV replication. This ZIKV-SG protein interaction is interesting, as many SG proteins are also known to function in neuronal granules, which are critical in neural development and function. Moreover, dysregulation of different SG proteins in neurons has been shown to play a role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The likely consequences of ZIKV modulating SG assembly and subverting specific SG proteins are alterations to cellular mRNA transcription, splicing, stability, and translation. Such changes in cellular ribostasis could profoundly affect neural development and contribute to the devastating developmental and neurological anomalies observed following intrauterine ZIKV infection. Our study provides new insights into virus-host interactions and the identification of the SG proteins that may contribute to the unusual pathogenesis associated with this reemerging arbovirus. Flaviviruses limit the cell stress response by preventing the formation of stress granules (SGs) and modulate viral gene expression by subverting different proteins involved in the stress granule pathway. In this study, we investigated the formation of stress granules during Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and the role stress granule proteins play during the viral life cycle. Using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy, we determined that ZIKV disrupted the formation of arsenite-induced stress granules and changed the subcellular distribution, but not the abundance or integrity, of stress granule proteins. We also investigated the role of different stress granule proteins in ZIKV infection by using target-specific short interfering RNAs to deplete Ataxin2, G3BP1, HuR, TIA-1, TIAR, and YB1. Knockdown of TIA-1 and TIAR affected ZIKV protein and RNA levels but not viral titers. Conversely, depletion of Ataxin2 and YB1 decreased virion production despite having only a small effect on ZIKV protein expression. Notably, however, depletion of G3BP1 and HuR decreased and increased ZIKV gene expression and virion production, respectively. Using an MR766 Gaussia Luciferase reporter genome together with knockdown and overexpression assays, G3BP1 and HuR were found to modulate ZIKV replication. These data indicate that ZIKV disrupts the formation of stress granules by sequestering stress granule proteins required for replication, where G3BP1 functions to promote ZIKV infection while HuR exhibits an antiviral effect. The results of ZIKV relocalizing and subverting select stress granule proteins might have broader consequences on cellular RNA homeostasis and contribute to cellular gene dysregulation and ZIKV pathogenesis. IMPORTANCE Many viruses inhibit SGs. In this study, we observed that ZIKV restricts SG assembly, likely by relocalizing and subverting specific SG proteins to modulate ZIKV replication. This ZIKV-SG protein interaction is interesting, as many SG proteins are also known to function in neuronal granules, which are critical in neural development and function. Moreover, dysregulation of different SG proteins in neurons has been shown to play a role in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The likely consequences of ZIKV modulating SG assembly and subverting specific SG proteins are alterations to cellular mRNA transcription, splicing, stability, and translation. Such changes in cellular ribostasis could profoundly affect neural development and contribute to the devastating developmental and neurological anomalies observed following intrauterine ZIKV infection. Our study provides new insights into virus-host interactions and the identification of the SG proteins that may contribute to the unusual pathogenesis associated with this reemerging arbovirus.
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24
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Intermediate-length CAG repeat in ATXN2 is associated with increased risk for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Brazilian patients. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:292.e15-292.e18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Genetic variation associated with the occurrence and progression of neurological disorders. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:243-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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26
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Wang MD, Little J, Gomes J, Cashman NR, Krewski D. Identification of risk factors associated with onset and progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurotoxicology 2017; 61:101-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions and Ataxin 2 intermediate length repeat expansions in Indian patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 56:211.e9-211.e14. [PMID: 28527524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Repeat expansions in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene have been recognized as a major contributor to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia in the Caucasian population. Intermediate length repeat expansions of CAG (polyQ) repeat in the ATXN2 gene have also been reported to increase the risk of developing ALS in North America and Europe. We screened 131 ALS patients and 127 healthy controls from India for C9orf72 and ATXN2 repeat expansions. We found pathogenic hexanucleotide expansions in 3 of the 127 sporadic ALS patients, in 1 of the 4 familial ALS patients, and in none of the healthy controls. In addition, our findings suggest that the 10 base-pair deletion that masks detection of C9orf72 repeat expansion does not explain the low frequency of this repeat expansion among Indian ALS patients. Intermediate length polyQ expansions (27Qs-32Qs) in the ATXN2 gene were detected in 6 of the 127 sporadic ALS patients and 2 of the 127 of the healthy controls. Long ATXN2 polyQ repeats (≥33Qs) were not present in any of the ALS patients or controls. Our findings highlight the need for large-scale multicenter studies on Indian ALS patients to better understand the underlying genetic causes.
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28
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Calvo A, Moglia C, Canosa A, Cammarosano S, Ilardi A, Bertuzzo D, Traynor BJ, Brunetti M, Barberis M, Mora G, Casale F, Chiò A. Common polymorphisms of chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 gene modify amyotrophic lateral sclerosis outcome: A population-based study. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:212-216. [PMID: 28342179 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the brain, the chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (1CX3CR1) gene is expressed only by microglia, where it acts as a key mediator of the neuron-microglia interactions. We assessed whether the 2 common polymorphisms of the CX3CR1 gene (V249I and T280M) modify amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) phenotype. METHODS The study included 755 ALS patients diagnosed in Piemonte between 2007 and 2012 and 369 age-matched and sex-matched controls, all genotyped with the same chips. RESULTS Neither of the variants was associated with an increased risk of ALS. Patients with the V249I V/V genotype had a 6-month-shorter survival than those with I/I or V/I genotypes (dominant model, P = 0.018). The T280M genotype showed a significant difference among the 3 genotypes (additive model, P = 0.036). Cox multivariable analysis confirmed these findings. DISCUSSION We found that common variants of the CX3CR1 gene influence ALS survival. Our data provide further evidence for the role of neuroinflammation in ALS. Muscle Nerve 57: 212-216, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Calvo
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Cammarosano
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Ilardi
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Bertuzzo
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maura Brunetti
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Barberis
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mora
- Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, IRCSS, Scientific Institute of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Federico Casale
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, Neurology II, ALS Center, University of Torino, Via Cherasco 15, I-10126, Torino, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza, Torino, Italy.,Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Council of Researches, Rome, Italy
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29
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Sproviero W, Shatunov A, Stahl D, Shoai M, van Rheenen W, Jones AR, Al-Sarraj S, Andersen PM, Bonini NM, Conforti FL, Van Damme P, Daoud H, Del Mar Amador M, Fogh I, Forzan M, Gaastra B, Gellera C, Gitler AD, Hardy J, Fratta P, La Bella V, Le Ber I, Van Langenhove T, Lattante S, Lee YC, Malaspina A, Meininger V, Millecamps S, Orrell R, Rademakers R, Robberecht W, Rouleau G, Ross OA, Salachas F, Sidle K, Smith BN, Soong BW, Sorarù G, Stevanin G, Kabashi E, Troakes C, van Broeckhoven C, Veldink JH, van den Berg LH, Shaw CE, Powell JF, Al-Chalabi A. ATXN2 trinucleotide repeat length correlates with risk of ALS. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 51:178.e1-178.e9. [PMID: 28017481 PMCID: PMC5302215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Two new case-control studies, a British dataset of 1474 ALS cases and 567 controls, and a Dutch dataset of 1328 ALS cases and 691 controls were analyzed. In addition, to increase power, we systematically searched PubMed for case-control studies published after 1 August 2010 that investigated the association between ATXN2 intermediate repeats and ALS. We conducted a meta-analysis of the new and existing studies for the relative risks of ATXN2 intermediate repeat alleles of between 24 and 34 CAG trinucleotide repeats and ALS. There was an overall increased risk of ALS for those carrying intermediate sized trinucleotide repeat alleles (odds ratio 3.06 [95% confidence interval 2.37-3.94]; p = 6 × 10-18), with an exponential relationship between repeat length and ALS risk for alleles of 29-32 repeats (R2 = 0.91, p = 0.0002). No relationship was seen for repeat length and age of onset or survival. In contrast to trinucleotide repeat diseases, intermediate ATXN2 trinucleotide repeat expansion in ALS does not predict age of onset but does predict disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Sproviero
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Aleksey Shatunov
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Daniel Stahl
- Department of Biostatistics, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Maryam Shoai
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Wouter van Rheenen
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ashley R Jones
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Safa Al-Sarraj
- Department of Clinical Neuropathology, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter M Andersen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nancy M Bonini
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Philip Van Damme
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hussein Daoud
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maria Del Mar Amador
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, ALS Paris ALS Center for Rare Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Isabella Fogh
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ben Gaastra
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Cinzia Gellera
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Aaron D Gitler
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo La Bella
- ALS Clinical Research Center, Bio. Ne. C., University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France; AP-HP, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Centre de Référence des Démences Rares, Departement de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Tim Van Langenhove
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Insititute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Serena Lattante
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Yi-Chung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Andrea Malaspina
- North-East London and Essex MND Care Centre - Neuroscience and Trauma Centre, Blizard, Institute of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Vincent Meininger
- Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, institut de recherche translationnelle en neurosciences (A-ICM), Paris, France; Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, réseau SLA IdF, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Richard Orrell
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Wim Robberecht
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Disease (LIND), KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Francois Salachas
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, ALS Paris ALS Center for Rare Diseases, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, APHP, Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Katie Sidle
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Bradley N Smith
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Bing-Wen Soong
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France; Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Paris, France
| | - Edor Kabashi
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS1127, Paris, France
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Christine van Broeckhoven
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Insititute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher E Shaw
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - John F Powell
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK
| | - Ammar Al-Chalabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, UK.
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30
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Tang BL. C9orf72's Interaction with Rab GTPases-Modulation of Membrane Traffic and Autophagy. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:228. [PMID: 27774051 PMCID: PMC5053994 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexanucleotide repeat expansion in an intron of Chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) is the most common genetic cause of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD). While functional haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 resulting from the mutation may play a role in ALS/FTD, the actual cellular role of the protein has been unclear. Recent findings have now shown that C9orf72 physically and functionally interacts with multiple members of the Rab small GTPases family, consequently exerting important influences on cellular membrane traffic and the process of autophagy. Loss of C9orf72 impairs endocytosis in neuronal cell lines, and attenuated autophagosome formation. Interestingly, C9orf72 could influence autophagy both as part of a Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) complex, or as a Rab effector that facilitates transport of the Unc-51-like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1 (Ulk1) autophagy initiation complex. The cellular function of C9orf72 is discussed in the light of these recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor L Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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31
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Cookson MR. RNA-binding proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2016; 8. [PMID: 27659605 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression is regulated at many levels, including after generation of the primary RNA transcript from DNA but before translation into protein. Such post-translational gene regulation occurs via the action of a multitude of RNA binding proteins and include varied actions from splicing to regulation of association with the translational machinery. Primary evidence that such processes might contribute to disease mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders comes from the observation of mutations in RNA binding proteins, particularly in diseases in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal dementia spectrum and in some forms of ataxia and tremor. The bulk of evidence from recent surveys of the types of RNA species that are affected in these disorders suggests a global deregulation of control rather than a very small number of RNA species, although why some groups of neurons are sensitive to these changes is not well understood. Overall, these data suggest that neurodegeneration can be initiated by mutations in RNA binding proteins and, as a corollary, that neurons are particularly sensitive to loss of control of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Such observations have implications not only for understanding the nature of neurodegenerative disorders but also how we might intervene therapeutically in these diseases. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1397. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1397 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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32
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Hersi M, Quach P, Wang MD, Gomes J, Gaskin J, Krewski D. Systematic reviews of factors associated with the onset and progression of neurological conditions in humans: A methodological overview. Neurotoxicology 2016; 61:12-18. [PMID: 27377856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a component of the National Population Health Study of Neurological conditions, systematic reviews were conducted to identify risk factors associated with the onset and progression of 14 priority neurological conditions. Between 2011 and 2013, electronic databases and grey literature sources were searched to identify systematic reviews and primary studies reporting on the onset and progression of each condition. Inclusion was restricted to studies of humans reported in English or French. Additional condition-specific eligibility criteria were also applied. Titles and abstracts were screened by one reviewer with excluded records verified by a second reviewer. Full-text reports were screened independently by two reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or third party adjudication. Systematic reviews were quality appraised using the AMSTAR criteria, with only moderate and high quality reviews considered for inclusion. Primary studies were also sought to ensure that evidence from existing systematic reviews was supplemented with recent primary study findings (i.e., those published after the most recent systematic review). Evidence from primary studies was also considered if a systematic review was unavailable or of poor quality. Data were extracted using standardized forms. Where feasible, data were extracted independently by two reviewers. Otherwise, data were extracted by a single reviewer and independent data extraction by a second reviewer was conducted for a randomly selected sample of studies. An updated search was conducted in 2016 to identify systematic reviews published since the initial search in 2011-2013. A summary of the methodology used to conduct the systematic reviews is described. Illustrative results are provided for the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in relation to occupational exposure to lead and other heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Hersi
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pauline Quach
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ming-Dong Wang
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Life Science, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, China
| | - James Gomes
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada; Environmental Health Research Unit, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Janet Gaskin
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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33
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Highley JR, Lorente Pons A, Cooper-Knock J, Wharton SB, Ince PG, Shaw PJ, Wood J, Kirby J. Motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with intermediate-length CAG repeat expansions inAtaxin-2does not have 1C2-positive polyglutamine inclusions. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 42:377-89. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Robin Highley
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Alejandro Lorente Pons
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Stephen B. Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Paul G. Ince
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Pamela J. Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Jon Wood
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Janine Kirby
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN); University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
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34
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Defining the genetic connection linking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Trends Genet 2015; 31:263-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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