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Yu M, Arai N, Ochiai T, Ohyama T. Expression and function of an S1-type nuclease in the digestive fluid of a sundew, Drosera adelae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:335-346. [PMID: 36546767 PMCID: PMC9992940 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Carnivorous plants trap and digest insects and similar-sized animals. Many studies have examined enzymes in the digestive fluids of these plants and have gradually unveiled the origins and gene expression of these enzymes. However, only a few attempts have been made at characterization of nucleases. This study aimed to reveal gene expression and the structural, functional and evolutionary characteristics of an S1-type nuclease (DAN1) in the digestive fluid of an Australian sundew, Drosera adelae, whose trap organ shows unique gene expression and related epigenetic regulation. METHODS Organ-specificity in Dan1 expression was examined using glandular tentacles, laminas, roots and inflorescences, and real-time PCR. The methylation status of the Dan1 promoter in each organ was clarified by bisulphite sequencing. The structural characteristics of DAN1 were studied by a comparison of primary structures of S1-type nucleases of three carnivorous and seven non-carnivorous plants. DAN1 was prepared using a cell-free protein synthesis system. Requirements for metal ions, optimum pH and temperature, and substrate preference were examined using conventional methods. KEY RESULTS Dan1 is exclusively expressed in the glandular tentacles and its promoter is almost completely unmethylated in all organs. This is in contrast to the S-like RNase gene da-I of Dr. adelae, which shows similar organ-specific expression, but is controlled by a promoter that is specifically unmethylated in the glandular tentacles. Comparison of amino acid sequences of S1-type nucleases identifies seven and three positions where amino acid residues are conserved only among the carnivorous plants and only among the non-carnivorous plants, respectively. DAN1 prefers a substrate RNA over DNA in the presence of Zn2+, Mn2+ or Ca2+ at an optimum pH of 4.0. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of phosphates from prey is suggested to be the main function of DAN1, which is very different from the known functions of S1-type nucleases. Evolution has modified the structure and expression of Dan1 to specifically function in the digestive fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yu
- Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Naoki Arai
- Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Ochiai
- Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohyama
- Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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Structural and Catalytic Properties of S1 Nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae Responsible for Substrate Recognition, Cleavage, Non-Specificity, and Inhibition. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168832. [PMID: 28036383 PMCID: PMC5201275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The single-strand-specific S1 nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae is an archetypal enzyme of the S1-P1 family of nucleases with a widespread use for biochemical analyses of nucleic acids. We present the first X-ray structure of this nuclease along with a thorough analysis of the reaction and inhibition mechanisms and of its properties responsible for identification and binding of ligands. Seven structures of S1 nuclease, six of which are complexes with products and inhibitors, and characterization of catalytic properties of a wild type and mutants reveal unknown attributes of the S1-P1 family. The active site can bind phosphate, nucleosides, and nucleotides in several distinguished ways. The nucleoside binding site accepts bases in two binding modes-shallow and deep. It can also undergo remodeling and so adapt to different ligands. The amino acid residue Asp65 is critical for activity while Asn154 secures interaction with the sugar moiety, and Lys68 is involved in interactions with the phosphate and sugar moieties of ligands. An additional nucleobase binding site was identified on the surface, which explains the absence of the Tyr site known from P1 nuclease. For the first time ternary complexes with ligands enable modeling of ssDNA binding in the active site cleft. Interpretation of the results in the context of the whole S1-P1 nuclease family significantly broadens our knowledge regarding ligand interaction modes and the strategies of adjustment of the enzyme surface and binding sites to achieve particular specificity.
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Agirre J, Davies GJ, Wilson KS, Cowtan KD. Carbohydrate structure: the rocky road to automation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2016; 44:39-47. [PMID: 27940408 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the introduction of intuitive graphical software, structural biologists who are not experts in crystallography are now able to build complete protein or nucleic acid models rapidly. In contrast, carbohydrates are in a wholly different situation: scant automation exists, with manual building attempts being sometimes toppled by incorrect dictionaries or refinement problems. Sugars are the most stereochemically complex family of biomolecules and, as pyranose rings, have clear conformational preferences. Despite this, all refinement programs may produce high-energy conformations at medium to low resolution, without any support from the electron density. This problem renders the affected structures unusable in glyco-chemical terms. Bringing structural glycobiology up to 'protein standards' will require a total overhaul of the methodology. Time is of the essence, as the community is steadily increasing the production rate of glycoproteins, and electron cryo-microscopy has just started to image them in precisely that resolution range where crystallographic methods falter most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Agirre
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Gideon J Davies
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Keith S Wilson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kevin D Cowtan
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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Stránský J, Koval’ T, Podzimek T, Týcová A, Lipovová P, Matoušek J, Kolenko P, Fejfarová K, Dušková J, Skálová T, Hašek J, Dohnálek J. Phosphate binding in the active centre of tomato multifunctional nuclease TBN1 and analysis of superhelix formation by the enzyme. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2015; 71:1408-15. [PMID: 26527269 PMCID: PMC4631591 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x15018324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato multifunctional nuclease TBN1 belongs to the type I nuclease family, which plays an important role in apoptotic processes and cell senescence in plants. The newly solved structure of the N211D mutant is reported. Although the main crystal-packing motif (the formation of superhelices) is conserved, the details differ among the known structures. A phosphate ion was localized in the active site of the enzyme. The binding of the surface loop to the active centre is stabilized by the phosphate ion, which correlates with the observed aggregation of TBN1 in phosphate buffer. The conserved binding of the surface loop to the active centre suggests biological relevance of the contact in a regulatory function or in the formation of oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Stránský
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Břehová 7, 115 19 Praha 1, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Koval’
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Podzimek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Týcová
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, CAS, v.v.i., Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Lipovová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Matoušek
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, CAS, v.v.i., Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kolenko
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Břehová 7, 115 19 Praha 1, Czech Republic
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Fejfarová
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Dušková
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Skálová
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřich Hašek
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dohnálek
- Institute of Biotechnology CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, v.v.i., Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic
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