1
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Wilson PG, Abdelmoti L, Gao T, Galperin E. The expression of congenital Shoc2 variants induces AKT-dependent crosstalk activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2024:ddae100. [PMID: 38881369 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The Shoc2 scaffold protein is crucial in transmitting signals within the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mediated Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK1/2) pathway. While the significance of Shoc2 in this pathway is well-established, the precise mechanisms through which Shoc2 governs signal transmission remain to be fully elucidated. Hereditary variants in Shoc2 are responsible for Noonan Syndrome with Loose anagen Hair (NSLH). However, due to the absence of known enzymatic activity in Shoc2, directly assessing how these variants affect its function is challenging. ERK1/2 phosphorylation is used as a primary parameter of Shoc2 function, but the impact of Shoc2 mutants on the pathway activation is unclear. This study investigates how the NSLH-associated Shoc2 variants influence EGFR signals in the context of the ERK1/2 and AKT downstream signaling pathways. We show that when the ERK1/2 pathway is a primary signaling pathway activated downstream of EGFR, Shoc2 variants cannot upregulate ERK1/2 phosphorylation to the level of the WT Shoc2. Yet, when the AKT and ERK1/2 pathways were activated, in cells expressing Shoc2 variants, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was higher than in cells expressing WT Shoc2. In cells expressing the Shoc2 NSLH mutants, we found that the AKT signaling pathway triggers the PAK activation, followed by phosphorylation of Raf-1/MEK1/2 and activation of the ERK1/2 signaling axis. Hence, our studies reveal a previously unrecognized feedback regulation downstream of the EGFR and provide additional evidence for the role of Shoc2 as a "gatekeeper" in controlling the selection of downstream effectors within the EGFR signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Lina Abdelmoti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
| | - Emilia Galperin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, United States
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2
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Wilson P, Abdelmoti L, Gao T, Galperin E. The expression of congenital Shoc2 variants induces AKT-dependent feedback activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.23.573219. [PMID: 38187642 PMCID: PMC10769455 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.23.573219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The Shoc2 scaffold protein is crucial in transmitting signals within the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mediated Extracellular signal-regulated Kinase (ERK1/2) pathway. While the significance of Shoc2 in this pathway is well-established, the precise mechanisms through which Shoc2 governs signal transmission remain to be fully elucidated. Hereditary mutations in Shoc2 are responsible for Noonan Syndrome with Loose anagen Hair (NSLH). However, due to the absence of known enzymatic activity in Shoc2, directly assessing how these mutations affect its function is challenging. ERK1/2 phosphorylation is used as a primary parameter of Shoc2 function, but the impact of Shoc2 mutants on the pathway activation is unclear. This study investigates how the NSLH-associated Shoc2 variants influence EGFR signals in the context of the ERK1/2 and AKT downstream signaling pathways. We show that when the ERK1/2 pathway is a primary signaling pathway activated downstream of EGFR, Shoc2 variants cannot upregulate ERK1/2 phosphorylation to the level of the WT Shoc2. Yet, when the AKT and ERK1/2 pathways were activated, in cells expressing Shoc2 variants, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was higher than in cells expressing WT Shoc2. We found that, in cells expressing the Shoc2 NSLH mutants, the AKT signaling pathway triggers the PAK activation, followed by phosphorylation and Raf-1/MEK1/2 /ERK1/2 signaling axis activation. Hence, our studies reveal a previously unrecognized feedback regulation downstream of the EGFR and provide evidence for the Shoc2 role as a "gatekeeper" in controlling the selection of downstream effectors within the EGFR signaling network.
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3
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Smiljanić K, Prodić I, Trifunovic S, Krstić Ristivojević M, Aćimović M, Stanković Jeremić J, Lončar B, Tešević V. Multistep Approach Points to Compounds Responsible for the Biological Activity and Safety of Hydrolates from Nine Lamiaceae Medicinal Plants on Human Skin Fibroblasts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1988. [PMID: 38001841 PMCID: PMC10669667 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As byproducts of essential oil distillation, hydrolates are used in natural cosmetics/biomedicine due to their beneficial skin effects. However, data on their safety with relevant biological targets, such as human skin cells, are scarce. Therefore, we have tested nine hydrolates from the Lamiaceae family with skin fibroblasts that are responsible for extracellular collagenous matrix builds. Thyme, oregano, and winter savoury hydrolates showed several times higher total phenolics, which correlated strongly with their radical scavenging and antioxidative capacity; there was no correlation between their viability profiles and the reducing sugar levels. No proteins/peptides were detected. All hydrolates appeared safe for prolonged skin exposure except for 10-fold diluted lavender, which showed cytotoxicity (~20%), as well as rosemary and lavandin (~10%) using viability, DNA synthesis, and cell count testing. Clary sage, oregano, lemon balm, and thyme hydrolates (10-fold diluted) increased fibroblast viability and/or proliferation by 10-30% compared with the control, while their viability remained unaffected by Mentha and winter savoury. In line with the STITCH database, increased viability could be attributed to thymol presence in oregano and thyme hydrolates in lemon balm, which is most likely attributable to neral and geranial. The proliferative effect of clary sage could be supported by alpha-terpineol, not linalool. The major volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with cytotoxic effects on fibroblasts were borneol, 1,8-cineole, and terpinene-4-ol. Further research with pure compounds is warranted to confirm the roles of VOCs in the observed effects that are relevant to cosmetic and wound healing aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Smiljanić
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Ivana Prodić
- Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera “Torlak”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Vojvode Stepe 458, 11152 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Sara Trifunovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering (IMGGE), University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Maja Krstić Ristivojević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
| | - Milica Aćimović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Jovana Stanković Jeremić
- Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Lončar
- Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Vele Tešević
- University of Belgrade—Faculty of Chemistry (UBFC), Studentski Trg 12–16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.R.); (V.T.)
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4
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Equilibrium Between Dimeric and Monomeric Forms of Human Epidermal Growth Factor is Shifted Towards Dimers in a Solution. Protein J 2022; 41:245-259. [PMID: 35348971 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An interplay between monomeric and dimeric forms of human epidermal growth factor (EGF) affecting its interaction with EGF receptor (EGFR) is poorly understood. While EGF dimeric structure was resolved at pH 8.1, the possibility of EGF dimerization under physiological conditions is still unclear. This study aimed to describe the oligomeric state of EGF in a solution at physiological pH value. With centrifugal ultrafiltration followed by blue native gel electrophoresis, we showed that synthetic human EGF in a solution at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml exists mainly in the dimeric form at pH 7.4 and temperature of 37 °C, although a small fraction of its monomers was also observed. Based on bioinformatics predictions, we introduced the D46G substitution to examine if EGF C-terminal part is directly involved in the intermolecular interface formation of the observed dimers. We found a reduced ability of the resulting EGF D46G dimers to dissociate at temperatures up to 50 °C. The D46G substitution also increased the intermolecular antiparallel β-structure content within the EGF peptide in a solution according to the CD spectra analysis that was confirmed by HATR-FTIR results. Additionally, the energy transfer between Tyr and Trp residues was detected by fluorescence spectroscopy for the EGF D46G mutant, but not for the native EGF. This allowed us to suggest the elongation and rearrangement of the intermolecular β-structure that leads to the observed stabilization of EGF D46G dimers. The results imply EGF dimerization under physiological pH value and temperature and the involvement of EGF C-terminal part in this process.
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5
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von Zastrow M, Sorkin A. Mechanisms for Regulating and Organizing Receptor Signaling by Endocytosis. Annu Rev Biochem 2021; 90:709-737. [PMID: 33606955 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-081820-092427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intricate relationships between endocytosis and cellular signaling, first recognized nearly 40 years ago through the study of tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors, are now known to exist for multiple receptor classes and to affect myriad physiological and developmental processes. This review summarizes our present understanding of how endocytosis orchestrates cellular signaling networks, with an emphasis on mechanistic underpinnings and focusing on two receptor classes-tyrosine kinase and G protein-coupled receptors-that have been investigated in particular detail. Together, these examples provide a useful survey of the current consensus, uncertainties, and controversies in this rapidly advancing area of cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark von Zastrow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA;
| | - Alexander Sorkin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA;
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6
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York HM, Patil A, Moorthi UK, Kaur A, Bhowmik A, Hyde GJ, Gandhi H, Fulcher A, Gaus K, Arumugam S. Rapid whole cell imaging reveals a calcium-APPL1-dynein nexus that regulates cohort trafficking of stimulated EGF receptors. Commun Biol 2021; 4:224. [PMID: 33597720 PMCID: PMC7889693 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosomal system provides rich signal processing capabilities for responses elicited by growth factor receptors and their ligands. At the single cell level, endosomal trafficking becomes a critical component of signal processing, as exemplified by the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Activated EGFRs are trafficked to the phosphatase-enriched peri-nuclear region (PNR), where they are dephosphorylated and degraded. The details of the mechanisms that govern the movements of stimulated EGFRs towards the PNR, are not completely known. Here, exploiting the advantages of lattice light-sheet microscopy, we show that EGFR activation by EGF triggers a transient calcium increase causing a whole-cell level redistribution of Adaptor Protein, Phosphotyrosine Interacting with PH Domain And Leucine Zipper 1 (APPL1) from pre-existing endosomes within one minute, the rebinding of liberated APPL1 directly to EGFR, and the dynein-dependent translocation of APPL1-EGF-bearing endosomes to the PNR within ten minutes. The cell spanning, fast acting network that we reveal integrates a cascade of events dedicated to the cohort movement of activated EGF receptors. Our findings support the intriguing proposal that certain endosomal pathways have shed some of the stochastic strategies of traditional trafficking and have evolved processes that provide the temporal predictability that typify canonical signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. M. York
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Patil
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - U. K. Moorthi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Kaur
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Bhowmik
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - H. Gandhi
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - A. Fulcher
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Micro Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - K. Gaus
- grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Arumugam
- grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1002.30000 0004 1936 7857European Molecular Biological Laboratory Australia (EMBL Australia), Monash University, Clayton/Melbourne, VIC Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432Single Molecule Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia ,grid.1005.40000 0004 4902 0432ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Cruz J, Martín D, Franch-Marro X. Egfr Signaling Is a Major Regulator of Ecdysone Biosynthesis in the Drosophila Prothoracic Gland. Curr Biol 2020; 30:1547-1554.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Chung HK, Zou X, Bajar BT, Brand VR, Huo Y, Alcudia JF, Ferrell JE, Lin MZ. A compact synthetic pathway rewires cancer signaling to therapeutic effector release. Science 2019; 364:364/6439/eaat6982. [PMID: 31048459 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An important goal in synthetic biology is to engineer biochemical pathways to address unsolved biomedical problems. One long-standing problem in molecular medicine is the specific identification and ablation of cancer cells. Here, we describe a method, named Rewiring of Aberrant Signaling to Effector Release (RASER), in which oncogenic ErbB receptor activity, instead of being targeted for inhibition as in existing treatments, is co-opted to trigger therapeutic programs. RASER integrates ErbB activity to specifically link oncogenic states to the execution of desired outputs. A complete mathematical model of RASER and modularity in design enable rational optimization and output programming. Using RASER, we induced apoptosis and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated transcription of endogenous genes specifically in ErbB-hyperactive cancer cells. Delivery of apoptotic RASER by adeno-associated virus selectively ablated ErbB-hyperactive cancer cells while sparing ErbB-normal cells. RASER thus provides a new strategy for oncogene-specific cancer detection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokyung K Chung
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xinzhi Zou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bryce T Bajar
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Veronica R Brand
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yunwen Huo
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Javier F Alcudia
- Neuroscience Gene Vector and Virus Core, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James E Ferrell
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Z Lin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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9
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Kang DS, Kim IS, Baik JH, Kim D, Cocco L, Suh PG. The function of PLCγ1 in developing mouse mDA system. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100654. [PMID: 31558431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
During neural development, growing neuronal cells consistently sense and communicate with their surroundings through the use of signaling molecules. In this process, spatiotemporally well-coordinated intracellular signaling is a prerequisite for proper neuronal network formation. Thus, intense interest has focused on investigating the signaling mechanisms in neuronal structure formation that link the activation of receptors to the control of cell shape and motility. Recent studies suggest that Phospholipase C gamma1 (PLCγ1), a signal transducer, plays key roles in nervous system development by mediating specific ligand-receptor systems. In this overview of the most recent advances in the field, we discuss the mechanisms by which extracellular stimuli trigger PLCγ1 signaling and, the role PLCγ1 in nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du-Seock Kang
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Il Shin Kim
- UNIST Central Research Facility, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, South Korea.
| | - Ja-Hyun Baik
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
| | - Daesoo Kim
- College of Life Science & Bioengineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science & Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea.
| | - Lucio Cocco
- Cellular Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 689-798, South Korea; Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, 41062, South Korea.
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10
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Lazzari-Dean JR, Gest AM, Miller EW. Optical estimation of absolute membrane potential using fluorescence lifetime imaging. eLife 2019; 8:44522. [PMID: 31545164 PMCID: PMC6814365 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
All cells maintain ionic gradients across their plasma membranes, producing transmembrane potentials (Vmem). Mounting evidence suggests a relationship between resting Vmem and the physiology of non-excitable cells with implications in diverse areas, including cancer, cellular differentiation, and body patterning. A lack of non-invasive methods to record absolute Vmem limits our understanding of this fundamental signal. To address this need, we developed a fluorescence lifetime-based approach (VF-FLIM) to visualize and optically quantify Vmem with single-cell resolution in mammalian cell culture. Using VF-FLIM, we report Vmem distributions over thousands of cells, a 100-fold improvement relative to electrophysiological approaches. In human carcinoma cells, we visualize the voltage response to growth factor stimulation, stably recording a 10-15 mV hyperpolarization over minutes. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we identify the source of the hyperpolarization as the Ca2+-activated K+ channel KCa3.1. The ability to optically quantify absolute Vmem with cellular resolution will allow a re-examination of its signaling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Lazzari-Dean
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Anneliese Mm Gest
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Evan W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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11
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Counting growth factors in single cells with infrared quantum dots to measure discrete stimulation distributions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:909. [PMID: 30796217 PMCID: PMC6385258 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08754-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of single-cell properties across a population of cells can be measured using diverse tools, but no technology directly quantifies the biochemical stimulation events regulating these properties. Here we report digital counting of growth factors in single cells using fluorescent quantum dots and calibrated three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy (QDC-3DM) to reveal physiologically relevant cell stimulation distributions. We calibrate the fluorescence intensities of individual compact quantum dots labeled with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and demonstrate the necessity of near-infrared emission to overcome intrinsic cellular autofluoresence at the single-molecule level. When applied to human triple-negative breast cancer cells, we observe proportionality between stimulation and both receptor internalization and inhibitor response, reflecting stimulation heterogeneity contributions to intrinsic variability. We anticipate that QDC-3DM can be applied to analyze any peptidic ligand to reveal single-cell correlations between external stimulation and phenotypic variability, cell fate, and drug response. Measuring growth factors in single cells at physiologically relevant stimulation doses is challenging. Here the authors use fluorescent quantum dots and calibrated three-dimensional deconvolution microscopy to digitally count growth factors in single cells and reveal stimulation distributions in cancer cells.
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12
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Cell Cycle Model System for Advancing Cancer Biomarker Research. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17989. [PMID: 29269772 PMCID: PMC5740075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Progress in understanding the complexity of a devastating disease such as cancer has underscored the need for developing comprehensive panels of molecular markers for early disease detection and precision medicine applications. The present study was conducted to assess whether a cohesive biological context can be assigned to protein markers derived from public data mining, and whether mass spectrometry can be utilized to screen for the co-expression of functionally related biomarkers to be recommended for further exploration in clinical context. Cell cycle arrest/release experiments of MCF7/SKBR3 breast cancer and MCF10 non-tumorigenic cells were used as a surrogate to support the production of proteins relevant to aberrant cell proliferation. Information downloaded from the scientific public domain was queried with bioinformatics tools to generate an initial list of 1038 cancer-associated proteins. Mass spectrometric analysis of cell extracts identified 352 proteins that could be matched to the public list. Differential expression, enrichment, and protein-protein interaction analysis of the proteomic data revealed several functionally-related clusters of relevance to cancer. The results demonstrate that public data derived from independent experiments can be used to inform biological research and support the development of molecular assays for probing the characteristics of a disease.
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13
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Islam T, Resat H. Quantitative investigation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell motility: dependence on epidermal growth factor concentration and its gradient. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:2069-2082. [PMID: 28799616 PMCID: PMC5624528 DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced cell motility is one of the primary features of cancer. Accumulated evidence demonstrates that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mediated pathways play an important role in breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. We have quantified the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell migration in response to the stimulation of EGFR pathways with their ligand EGF to determine how the cell motility of MDA-MB-231 cells depends on the ligand concentration and gradient. Analysis at the single cell level combined with mathematical modeling and the ability to vary the ligand concentration and gradients locally using microfluidic devices allowed us to separate the unique contributions of ligand concentration and ligand gradient to cell motility. We tracked the motility of 6600 cells individually using time lapse imaging under varying EGF stimulation conditions. Trajectory analysis of the tracked cells using non-linear multivariate regression models showed that: (i) cell migration of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells depends on the ligand gradient but not on the ligand concentration. This observation was valid for both the total (direction independent) and directed (along gradient direction) cell velocities. Although the dependence of the directed motility on ligand gradient is to be expected, the dependence of the total velocity solely on ligand gradient was an unexpected novel observation. (ii) Enhancement of the motilities of individual cells in a population upon exposure to the ligand was highly heterogeneous, and only a very small percentage of cells responded strongly to the external stimuli. Separating out the non-responding cells using quantitative analysis of individual cell motilities enabled us to establish that enhanced motility of the responding cells indeed increases monotonically with increasing EGF gradient. (iii) A large proportion of cells in a population were unresponsive to ligand stimulation, and their presence introduced considerable random intrinsic variability to the observations. This indicated that studying cell motilities at the individual cell level is necessary to better capture the biological reality and that population averaging methods should be avoided. Studying motilities at the individual cell level is particularly important to understand the biological processes that are possibly driven by the action of a small portion of cells in a population, such as metastasis. We discuss the implications of our results on the total and chemotactic movement of cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzila Islam
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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14
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Scharaw S, Iskar M, Ori A, Boncompain G, Laketa V, Poser I, Lundberg E, Perez F, Beck M, Bork P, Pepperkok R. The endosomal transcriptional regulator RNF11 integrates degradation and transport of EGFR. J Cell Biol 2016; 215:543-558. [PMID: 27872256 PMCID: PMC5119934 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of EGFR plasma membrane levels is critical for cell functioning. Scharaw et al. demonstrate that endosomal RNF11 is required for transcriptional up-regulation of COPII components, specifically facilitating EGFR transport in response to its lysosomal degradation after EGF stimulation. Stimulation of cells with epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces internalization and partial degradation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) by the endo-lysosomal pathway. For continuous cell functioning, EGFR plasma membrane levels are maintained by transporting newly synthesized EGFRs to the cell surface. The regulation of this process is largely unknown. In this study, we find that EGF stimulation specifically increases the transport efficiency of newly synthesized EGFRs from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. This coincides with an up-regulation of the inner coat protein complex II (COPII) components SEC23B, SEC24B, and SEC24D, which we show to be specifically required for EGFR transport. Up-regulation of these COPII components requires the transcriptional regulator RNF11, which localizes to early endosomes and appears additionally in the cell nucleus upon continuous EGF stimulation. Collectively, our work identifies a new regulatory mechanism that integrates the degradation and transport of EGFR in order to maintain its physiological levels at the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Scharaw
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Murat Iskar
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75248 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Poser
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emma Lundberg
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 17121 Solna, Sweden
| | - Franck Perez
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, 75248 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Martin Beck
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peer Bork
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, 97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Grassi ML, Palma CDS, Thomé CH, Lanfredi GP, Poersch A, Faça VM. Proteomic analysis of ovarian cancer cells during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) reveals mechanisms of cell cycle control. J Proteomics 2016; 151:2-11. [PMID: 27394697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a well-orchestrated process that culminates with loss of epithelial phenotype and gain of a mesenchymal and migratory phenotype. EMT enhances cancer cell invasiveness and drug resistance, favoring metastasis. Dysregulation of transcription factors, signaling pathways, miRNAs and growth factors including EGF, TGF-beta and HGF can trigger EMT. In ovarian cancer, overexpression of the EGFR family is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior. Here, the ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line Caov-3 was induced to EMT with EGF in order to identify specific mechanisms controlled by this process. Caov-3 cells induced to EMT were thoroughly validated and a combination of subcellular proteome enrichment, GEL-LC-MS/MS and SILAC strategy allowed consistent proteome identification and quantitation. Protein network analysis of differentially expressed proteins highlighted regulation of metabolism and cell cycle. Activation of relevant signaling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Erk MAPK, in response to EGF-induced EMT was validated. Also, EMT did not affected the proliferation rate of Caov-3 cells, but led to cell cycle arrest in G1 phase regulated by increased levels of p21Waf1/Cip1, independently of p53. Furthermore, a decrease in G1 and G2 checkpoint proteins was observed, supporting the involvement of EGF-induced EMT in cell cycle control. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cancer is a complex multistep process characterized by accumulation of several hallmarks including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which promotes cellular and microenvironmental changes resulting in invasion and migration to distant sites, favoring metastasis. EMT can be triggered by different extracellular stimuli, including growth factors such as EGF. In ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecological cancer, overexpression of the EGFR family is associated with more aggressive clinical behavior, increasing mortality rate caused by metastasis. Our proteomic data, together with specific validation of specific cellular mechanisms demonstrated that EGF-induced EMT in Caov-3 cells leads to important alterations in metabolic process (protein synthesis) and cell cycle control, supporting the implication of EGF/EMT in cancer metastasis, cancer stem cell generation and, therefore, poor prognosis for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lopes Grassi
- Dept. Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Cell-Based Therapy Center, Ribeirão Preto Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de Souza Palma
- Dept. Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Cell-Based Therapy Center, Ribeirão Preto Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Hassibe Thomé
- Dept. Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Cell-Based Therapy Center, Ribeirão Preto Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pauperio Lanfredi
- Dept. Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Cell-Based Therapy Center, Ribeirão Preto Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Poersch
- Dept. Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor Marcel Faça
- Dept. Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Cell-Based Therapy Center, Ribeirão Preto Blood Center, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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