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Malhi M, Norris MJ, Duan W, Moraes TJ, Maynes JT. Statin-mediated disruption of Rho GTPase prenylation and activity inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1239. [PMID: 34716403 PMCID: PMC8556396 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02754-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory tract infections in children. To uncover new antiviral therapies, we developed a live cell-based high content screening approach for rapid identification of RSV inhibitors and characterized five drug classes which inhibit the virus. Among the molecular targets for each hit, there was a strong functional enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways. Modulation of lipid metabolites by statins, a key hit from our screen, decreases the production of infectious virus through a combination of cholesterol and isoprenoid-mediated effects. Notably, RSV infection globally upregulates host protein prenylation, including the prenylation of Rho GTPases. Treatment by statins or perillyl alcohol, a geranylgeranyltransferase inhibitor, reduces infection in vitro. Of the Rho GTPases assayed in our study, a loss in Rac1 activity strongly inhibits the virus through a decrease in F protein surface expression. Our findings provide new insight into the importance of host lipid metabolism to RSV infection and highlight geranylgeranyltransferases as an antiviral target for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Malhi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Norris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wenming Duan
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason T Maynes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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2
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Orlowski S, Mourad JJ, Gallo A, Bruckert E. Coronaviruses, cholesterol and statins: Involvement and application for Covid-19. Biochimie 2021; 189:51-64. [PMID: 34153377 PMCID: PMC8213520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The infectious power of coronaviruses is dependent on cholesterol present in the membranes of their target cells. Indeed, the virus enters the infected cell either by fusion or by endocytosis, in both cases involving cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains. These membrane domains can be disorganized in-vitro by various cholesterol-altering agents, including statins that inhibit cell cholesterol biosynthesis. As a consequence, numerous cell physiology processes, such as signaling cascades, can be compromised. Also, some examples of anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects of statins have been observed for infectious agents known to be cholesterol dependent. In-vivo, besides their widely-reported hypocholesterolemic effect, statins display various pleiotropic effects mediated, at least partially, by perturbation of membrane microdomains as a consequence of the alteration of endogenous cholesterol synthesis. It should thus be worth considering a high, but clinically well-tolerated, dose of statin to treat Covid-19 patients, in the early phase of infection, to inhibit virus entry into the target cells, in order to control the viral charge and hence avoid severe clinical complications. Based on its efficacy and favorable biodisposition, an option would be considering Atorvastatin, but randomized controlled clinical trials are required to test this hypothesis. This new therapeutic proposal takes benefit from being a drug repurposing, applied to a widely-used drug presenting a high efficiency-to-toxicity ratio. Additionally, this therapeutic strategy avoids any risk of drug resistance by viral mutation since it is host-targeted. Noteworthy, the same pharmacological approach could also be proposed to address different animal coronavirus endemic infections that are responsible for heavy economic losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Orlowski
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CNRS UMR 9198, and CEA / DRF / Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric-Joliot / SB2SM, and Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Jacques Mourad
- Department of Internal Medicine and ESH Excellence Centre, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Paris, France.
| | - Antonio Gallo
- Department of Endocrinology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Department of Endocrinology and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France.
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Kim MJ, Bible KL, Regnier M, Adams ME, Froehner SC, Whitehead NP. Simvastatin provides long-term improvement of left ventricular function and prevents cardiac fibrosis in muscular dystrophy. Physiol Rep 2020; 7:e14018. [PMID: 30912308 PMCID: PMC6434171 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by absence of the protein dystrophin, is a common, degenerative muscle disease affecting 1:5000 males worldwide. With recent advances in respiratory care, cardiac dysfunction now accounts for 50% of mortality in DMD. Recently, we demonstrated that simvastatin substantially improved skeletal muscle health and function in mdx (DMD) mice. Given the known cardiovascular benefits ascribed to statins, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of simvastatin on cardiac function in mdx mice. Remarkably, in 12‐month old mdx mice, simvastatin reversed diastolic dysfunction to normal after short‐term treatment (8 weeks), as measured by echocardiography in animals anesthetized with isoflurane and administered dobutamine to maintain a physiological heart rate. This improvement in diastolic function was accompanied by increased phospholamban phosphorylation in simvastatin‐treated mice. Echocardiography measurements during long‐term treatment, from 6 months up to 18 months of age, showed that simvastatin significantly improved in vivo cardiac function compared to untreated mdx mice, and prevented fibrosis in these very old animals. Cardiac dysfunction in DMD is also characterized by decreased heart rate variability (HRV), which indicates autonomic function dysregulation. Therefore, we measured cardiac ECG and demonstrated that short‐term simvastatin treatment significantly increased heart rate variability (HRV) in 14‐month‐old conscious mdx mice, which was reversed by atropine. This finding suggests that enhanced parasympathetic function is likely responsible for the improved HRV mediated by simvastatin. Together, these findings indicate that simvastatin markedly improves cardiac health and function in dystrophic mice, and therefore may provide a novel approach for treating cardiomyopathy in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min J Kim
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kenneth L Bible
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nicholas P Whitehead
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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4
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Membrane cholesterol oxidation downregulates atrial β-adrenergic responses in ROS-dependent manner. Cell Signal 2020; 67:109503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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5
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Lotteau S, Ivarsson N, Yang Z, Restagno D, Colyer J, Hopkins P, Weightman A, Himori K, Yamada T, Bruton J, Steele D, Westerblad H, Calaghan S. A Mechanism for Statin-Induced Susceptibility to Myopathy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2019; 4:509-523. [PMID: 31468006 PMCID: PMC6712048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify a mechanism for statin-induced myopathy that explains its prevalence and selectivity for skeletal muscle, and to understand its interaction with moderate exercise. Statin-associated adverse muscle symptoms reduce adherence to statin therapy; this limits the effectiveness of statins in reducing cardiovascular risk. The issue is further compounded by perceived interactions between statin treatment and exercise. This study examined muscles from individuals taking statins and rats treated with statins for 4 weeks. In skeletal muscle, statin treatment caused dissociation of the stabilizing protein FK506 binding protein (FKBP12) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca2+) release channel, the ryanodine receptor 1, which was associated with pro-apoptotic signaling and reactive nitrogen species/reactive oxygen species (RNS/ROS)-dependent spontaneous SR Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks). Statin treatment had no effect on Ca2+ spark frequency in cardiac myocytes. Despite potentially deleterious effects of statins on skeletal muscle, there was no impact on force production or SR Ca2+ release in electrically stimulated muscle fibers. Statin-treated rats with access to a running wheel ran further than control rats; this exercise normalized FKBP12 binding to ryanodine receptor 1, preventing the increase in Ca2+ sparks and pro-apoptotic signaling. Statin-mediated RNS/ROS-dependent destabilization of SR Ca2+ handling has the potential to initiate skeletal (but not cardiac) myopathy in susceptible individuals. Importantly, although exercise increases RNS/ROS, it did not trigger deleterious statin effects on skeletal muscle. Indeed, our results indicate that moderate exercise might benefit individuals who take statins.
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Key Words
- Ca2+, calcium
- FDB, flexor digitorum brevis
- FKBP12, FK506 binding protein (calstabin)
- GAS, gastrocnemius
- HADHA, hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase
- HMG CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
- L-NAME, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- PGC1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator 1α
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- RyR, ryanodine receptor
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum
- TUNEL, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
- calcium leak
- exercise
- myopathy
- ryanodine receptor
- statin
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lotteau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Niklas Ivarsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhaokang Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Damien Restagno
- VetAgro Sup, APCSe, Université de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - John Colyer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Hopkins
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James’s, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Weightman
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Koichi Himori
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Joseph Bruton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Derek Steele
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Håkan Westerblad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sarah Calaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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6
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Kong CHT, Bryant SM, Watson JJ, Gadeberg HC, Roth DM, Patel HH, Cannell MB, Orchard CH, James AF. The Effects of Aging on the Regulation of T-Tubular ICa by Caveolin in Mouse Ventricular Myocytes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:711-719. [PMID: 29236992 PMCID: PMC5946816 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with diminished cardiac function in males. Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling in ventricular myocytes involves Ca influx via the Ca current (ICa) and Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which occur predominantly at t-tubules. Caveolin-3 regulates t-tubular ICa, partly through protein kinase A (PKA), and both ICa and caveolin-3 decrease with age. We therefore investigated ICa and t-tubule structure and function in cardiomyocytes from male wild-type (WT) and caveolin-3-overexpressing (Cav-3OE) mice at 3 and 24 months of age. In WT cardiomyocytes, t-tubular ICa-density was reduced by ~50% with age while surface ICa density was unchanged. Although regulation by PKA was unaffected by age, inhibition of caveolin-3-binding reduced t-tubular ICa at 3 months, but not at 24 months. While Cav-3OE increased cardiac caveolin-3 protein expression ~2.5-fold at both ages, the age-dependent reduction in caveolin-3 (WT ~35%) was preserved in transgenic mice. Overexpression of caveolin-3 reduced t-tubular ICa density at 3 months but prevented further ICa loss with age. Measurement of Ca release at the t-tubules revealed that the triggering of local Ca release by t-tubular ICa was unaffected by age. In conclusion, the data suggest that the reduction in ICa density with age is associated with the loss of a caveolin-3-dependent mechanism that augments t-tubular ICa density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherrie H T Kong
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Simon M Bryant
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Judy J Watson
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Hanne C Gadeberg
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - David M Roth
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Hemal H Patel
- VA San Diego Healthcare System and Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Mark B Cannell
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Clive H Orchard
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew F James
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of Bristol, UK
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7
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Odnoshivkina UG, Sytchev VI, Starostin O, Petrov AM. Brain cholesterol metabolite 24-hydroxycholesterol modulates inotropic responses to β-adrenoceptor stimulation: The role of NO and phosphodiesterase. Life Sci 2019; 220:117-126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Arefieva TI, Filatova AY, Potekhina AV, Shchinova AM. Immunotropic Effects and Proposed Mechanism of Action for 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors (Statins). BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:874-889. [PMID: 30208827 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918080023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (statins) are the major group of lipid-lowering drugs. Along with hypocholesterolemic activity, statins exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that expand their clinical use, particularly, in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. In this review, we critically analyze the data of statin effects on immune cells (e.g., monocytes and T cells) involved in the development of atherosclerosis and other chronic inflammatory diseases. We (i) discuss the properties of statins and routes of cell entry, as well as their major intracellular targets; (ii) evaluate the data on the effects of statins on the subset composition of circulatory monocytes, ability of monocytes to migrate to the site of inflammation (cell motility and expression of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors), production of cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and reactive oxygen species by monocytes/macrophages, and antigen-presenting activity in peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells; and (iii) summarize the data on the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of various CD4+ T cell subsets (type 1/2/17 helper T cells and regulatory T cells) by statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Arefieva
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia.,Kurchatov Institute National Research Center Complex, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - A Yu Filatova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
| | - A V Potekhina
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
| | - A M Shchinova
- National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 121552, Russia
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9
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Carroll CB, Wyse RKH. Simvastatin as a Potential Disease-Modifying Therapy for Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Rationale for Clinical Trial, and Current Progress. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 7:545-568. [PMID: 29036837 PMCID: PMC5676977 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-171203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many now believe the holy grail for the next stage of therapeutic advance surrounds the development of disease-modifying approaches aimed at intercepting the year-on-year neurodegenerative decline experienced by most patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on recommendations of an international committee of experts who are currently bringing multiple, potentially disease-modifying, PD therapeutics into long-term neuroprotective PD trials, a clinical trial involving 198 patients is underway to determine whether Simvastatin provides protection against chronic neurodegeneration. Statins are widely used to reduce cardiovascular risk, and act as competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase. It is also known that statins serve as ligands for PPARα, a known arbiter for mitochondrial size and number. Statins possess multiple cholesterol-independent biochemical mechanisms of action, many of which offer neuroprotective potential (suppression of proinflammatory molecules & microglial activation, stimulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, inhibition of oxidative stress, attenuation of α-synuclein aggregation, modulation of adaptive immunity, and increased expression of neurotrophic factors). We describe the biochemical, physiological and pharmaceutical credentials that continue to underpin the rationale for taking Simvastatin into a disease-modifying trial in PD patients. While unrelated to the Simvastatin trial (because this conducted in patients who already have PD), we discuss conflicting epidemiological studies which variously suggest that statin use for cardiovascular prophylaxis may increase or decrease risk of developing PD. Finally, since so few disease-modifying PD trials have ever been launched (compared to those of symptomatic therapies), we discuss the rationale of the trial structure we have adopted, decisions made, and lessons learnt so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille B Carroll
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth, UK
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10
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Agarwal SR, Gratwohl J, Cozad M, Yang PC, Clancy CE, Harvey RD. Compartmentalized cAMP Signaling Associated With Lipid Raft and Non-raft Membrane Domains in Adult Ventricular Myocytes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:332. [PMID: 29740315 PMCID: PMC5925456 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Confining cAMP production to discrete subcellular locations makes it possible for this ubiquitous second messenger to elicit unique functional responses. Yet, factors that determine how and where the production of this diffusible signaling molecule occurs are incompletely understood. The fluid mosaic model originally proposed that signal transduction occurs through random interactions between proteins diffusing freely throughout the plasma membrane. However, it is now known that the movement of membrane proteins is restricted, suggesting that the plasma membrane is segregated into distinct microdomains where different signaling proteins can be concentrated. In this study, we examined what role lipid raft and non-raft membrane domains play in compartmentation of cAMP signaling in adult ventricular myocytes. Methods and Results: The freely diffusible fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensor Epac2-camps was used to measure global cytosolic cAMP responses, while versions of the probe targeted to lipid raft (Epac2-MyrPalm) and non-raft (Epac2-CAAX) domains were used to monitor local cAMP production near the plasma membrane. We found that β-adrenergic receptors, which are expressed in lipid raft and non-raft domains, produce cAMP responses near the plasma membrane that are distinctly different from those produced by E-type prostaglandin receptors, which are expressed exclusively in non-raft domains. We also found that there are differences in basal cAMP levels associated with lipid raft and non-raft domains, and that this can be explained by differences in basal adenylyl cyclase activity associated with each of these membrane environments. In addition, we found evidence that phosphodiesterases 2, 3, and 4 work together in regulating cAMP activity associated with both lipid raft and non-raft domains, while phosphodiesterase 3 plays a more prominent role in the bulk cytoplasmic compartment. Conclusion: These results suggest that different membrane domains contribute to the formation of distinct pools of cAMP under basal conditions as well as following receptor stimulation in adult ventricular myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh R Agarwal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Jackson Gratwohl
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Mia Cozad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Colleen E Clancy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert D Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, United States
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11
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Oxysterol, 5α-cholestan-3-one, modulates a contractile response to β2-adrenoceptor stimulation in the mouse atria: Involvement of NO signaling. Life Sci 2017; 188:131-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Carillion A, Feldman S, Na N, Biais M, Carpentier W, Birenbaum A, Cagnard N, Loyer X, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Hatem S, Riou B, Amour J. Atorvastatin reduces β-Adrenergic dysfunction in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180103. [PMID: 28727746 PMCID: PMC5519044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the diabetic heart the β-adrenergic response is altered partly by down-regulation of the β1-adrenoceptor, reducing its positive inotropic effect and up-regulation of the β3-adrenoceptor, increasing its negative inotropic effect. Statins have clinical benefits on morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients which are attributed to their “pleiotropic” effects. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of statin treatment on β-adrenergic dysfunction in diabetic rat cardiomyocytes. Methods β-adrenergic responses were investigated in vivo (echocardiography) and ex vivo (left ventricular papillary muscles) in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, who were pre-treated or not by oral atorvastatin over 15 days (50 mg.kg-1.day-1). Micro-array analysis and immunoblotting were performed in left ventricular homogenates. Data are presented as mean percentage of baseline ± SD. Results Atorvastatin restored the impaired positive inotropic effect of β-adrenergic stimulation in diabetic hearts compared with healthy hearts both in vivo and ex vivo but did not suppress the diastolic dysfunction of diabetes. Atorvastatin changed the RNA expression of 9 genes in the β-adrenergic pathway and corrected the protein expression of β1-adrenoceptor and β1/β3-adrenoceptor ratio, and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition abolished the beneficial effects of atorvastatin on the β-adrenoceptor response. Conclusions Atorvastatin restored the positive inotropic effect of the β-adrenoceptor stimulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This effect is mediated by multiple modifications in expression of proteins in the β-adrenergic signaling pathway, particularly through the NOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Carillion
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Sarah Feldman
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Na Na
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Biais
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassila Carpentier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Post-Genomic Platform, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Birenbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, Bioinformatics Platform, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Loyer
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, UMRS INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research center, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, CNRS UMR8258—INSERM U1022, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hatem
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Bruno Riou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Julien Amour
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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13
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MacDougall DA, Pugh SD, Bassi HS, Lotteau S, Porter KE, Calaghan S. Simvastatin Promotes Cardiac Myocyte Relaxation in Association with Phosphorylation of Troponin I. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:203. [PMID: 28469574 PMCID: PMC5395572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of people taking statins is set to increase across the globe due to recent changes in prescription guidelines. For example, half the US population over 40 is now eligible for these drugs, whether they have high serum cholesterol or not. With such development in policy comes a stronger need for understanding statins’ myriad of effects. Surprisingly little is known about possible direct actions of statins on cardiac myocytes, although claims of a direct myocardial toxicity have been made. Here, we determine the impact of simvastatin administration (40 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks in normocholesterolemic rats on cardiac myocyte contractile function and identify an underlying mechanism. Under basal conditions, statin treatment increased the time to half (t0.5) relaxation without any effect on the magnitude of shortening, or the magnitude/kinetics of the [Ca2+]i transient. Enhanced myocyte lusitropy could be explained by a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) at Ser23,24. Statin treatment increased expression of eNOS and Ser1177 phosphorylated eNOS, decreased expression of the NOS-inhibitory proteins caveolins 1 and 3, and increased (P = 0.06) NO metabolites, consistent with enhanced NO production. It is well-established that NO stimulates protein kinase G, one of the effectors of TnI phosphorylation at Ser23,24. Trends for parallel changes in phospho-TnI, phospho-eNOS and caveolin 1 expression were seen in atrial muscle from patients taking statins. Our data are consistent with a mechanism whereby chronic statin treatment enhances TnI phosphorylation and myocyte lusitropy through increased NO bioavailability. We see no evidence of impaired function with statin treatment; the changes we document at the level of the cardiac myocyte should facilitate diastolic filling and cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara D Pugh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | | | - Sabine Lotteau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Karen E Porter
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
| | - Sarah Calaghan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of LeedsLeeds, UK
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14
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See Hoe LE, May LT, Headrick JP, Peart JN. Sarcolemmal dependence of cardiac protection and stress-resistance: roles in aged or diseased hearts. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2966-91. [PMID: 27439627 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of the sarcolemmal membrane is a defining feature of oncotic death in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R), and its molecular makeup not only fundamentally governs this process but also affects multiple determinants of both myocardial I-R injury and responsiveness to cardioprotective stimuli. Beyond the influences of membrane lipids on the cytoprotective (and death) receptors intimately embedded within this bilayer, myocardial ionic homeostasis, substrate metabolism, intercellular communication and electrical conduction are all sensitive to sarcolemmal makeup, and critical to outcomes from I-R. As will be outlined in this review, these crucial sarcolemmal dependencies may underlie not only the negative effects of age and common co-morbidities on myocardial ischaemic tolerance but also the on-going challenge of implementing efficacious cardioprotection in patients suffering accidental or surgically induced I-R. We review evidence for the involvement of sarcolemmal makeup changes in the impairment of stress-resistance and cardioprotection observed with ageing and highly prevalent co-morbid conditions including diabetes and hypercholesterolaemia. A greater understanding of membrane changes with age/disease, and the inter-dependences of ischaemic tolerance and cardioprotection on sarcolemmal makeup, can facilitate the development of strategies to preserve membrane integrity and cell viability, and advance the challenging goal of implementing efficacious 'cardioprotection' in clinically relevant patient cohorts. Linked Articles This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v173.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise E See Hoe
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital and The University of Queensland, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lauren T May
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - John P Headrick
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jason N Peart
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
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15
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Odnoshivkina YG, Sytchev VI, Petrov AM. Cholesterol regulates contractility and inotropic response to β2-adrenoceptor agonist in the mouse atria: Involvement of G i-protein-Akt-NO-pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 107:27-40. [PMID: 27170493 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Majority of cardiac β2-adrenoceptors is located in cholesterol-rich microdomains. Here, we have investigated the underlying mechanisms by which a slight to moderate cholesterol depletion with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD, 1 and 5mM) interferes with contractility and inotropic effect of β2-adrenergic agonist (fenoterol, 50μM) in the mouse atria. Treatment with MβCD itself increased amplitude of Ca2+ transient but did not change the contraction amplitude due to a clamping action of elevated NO. Cholesterol depletion significantly attenuated the positive inotropic response to fenoterol which is accompanied by increase in NO generation and decrease in Ca2+ transient. Influence of 1mM MβCD on the fenoterol-driven changes in both contractility and NO level was strongly attenuated by inhibition of Gi-protein (pertussis toxin), Akt (Akt 1/2 kinase inhibitor) or NO-synthase (L-NAME). After exposure to 5mM MβCD, pertussis toxin or Akt inhibitor could recover the β2-agonist effects on contractility, NO production and Ca2+ transient, while L-NAME only reduced NO level. An adenylyl cyclase activator (forskolin, 50nM) had no influence on the MβCD-induced changes in the β2-agonist effects. Obtained results suggest that slight cholesterol depletion upregulates Gi-protein/Akt/NO-synthase signaling that attenuates the positive inotropic response to β2-adrenergic stimulation without altering the Ca2+ transient. Whilst moderate cholesterol depletion additionally could suppress the enhancement of the Ca2+ transient amplitude caused by the β2-adrenergic agonist administration in Gi-protein/Akt-dependent but NO-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia G Odnoshivkina
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Vaycheslav I Sytchev
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Department of Normal Physiology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia.
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16
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Vandresen-Filho S, França LM, Alcantara-Junior J, Nogueira LC, de Brito TM, Lopes L, Junior FM, Vanzeler ML, Bertoldo DB, Dias PG, Colla ARS, Hoeller A, Duzzioni M, Rodrigues ALS, de Lima TCM, Tasca CI, Viola GG. Statins enhance cognitive performance in object location test in albino Swiss mice: involvement of beta-adrenoceptors. Physiol Behav 2015; 143:27-34. [PMID: 25700896 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Statins are inhibitors of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, thereby inhibiting cell synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids. Moreover, several studies have been evaluating pleiotropic effects of statins, mainly because they present neuroprotective effects in various pathological conditions. However, knowledge about behavioral effects of statins per se is relatively scarce. Considering these facts, we aimed to analyze behavioral responses of atorvastatin or simvastatin-treated mice in the open field test, elevated plus maze and object location test. Atorvastatin treatment for 7 consecutive days at 1 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg (v.o.) or simvastatin 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg enhanced cognitive performance in object location test when compared to control group (saline-treated mice). Simvastatin effects on mice performance in the object location test was abolished by post-training infusion of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol. Atorvastatin and simvastatin did not change the behavioral response in open field and elevated plus-maze (EPM) tests in any of the used doses. These data demonstrate the positive effects of both statins in cognitive processes in mice, without any alteration in locomotor parameters in the open field test or anxiolytic-like behavior in EPM. In conclusion, we demonstrate that atorvastatin and simvastatin per se improve the cognitive performance in a rodent model of spatial memory and this effect is related to beta-adrenergic receptors modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vandresen-Filho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Moreira França
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - José Alcantara-Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Lucas Caixeta Nogueira
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Thiago Marques de Brito
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Lousã Lopes
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Fernando Mesquita Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Maria Luzinete Vanzeler
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bohn Bertoldo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Gomes Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética do Comportamento, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - André R S Colla
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Hoeller
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Duzzioni
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Thereza C M de Lima
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carla Inês Tasca
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Giordano Gubert Viola
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Neurociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
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17
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Folino A, Sprio AE, Di Scipio F, Berta GN, Rastaldo R. Alpha-linolenic acid protects against cardiac injury and remodelling induced by beta-adrenergic overstimulation. Food Funct 2015; 6:2231-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00034c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
α-Linolenic acid (ALA)-enriched diet prevented isoproterenol (ISO)-induced fibrosis in the ventricular myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Folino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - A. E. Sprio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - F. Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - G. N. Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
| | - R. Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences
- “S. Luigi Gonzaga” Hospital
- University of Turin
- 10043 Orbassano
- Italy
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