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Kimber R, Rodger A, Higgins R, Christofi G. A Combined Approach of Facial Neuromuscular Rehabilitation and Surgical Reconstruction in the Remediation of Facial Palsy: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach. Facial Plast Surg 2024; 40:407-417. [PMID: 38286419 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Facial neuromuscular rehabilitation (fNMR) is an evidence-based practice for the treatment of peripheral facial palsy (PFP). Surgical reconstruction can be indicated for patients who demonstrate poor or no recovery to support symmetry, function, and aesthesis. There is paucity of research demonstrating the therapeutic benefit of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in facial recovery of this specific subpopulation of patients. This article will outline the role of specialist facial therapy in the remediation of PFP, focusing on those who undergo surgical reconstruction to optimize their facial recovery. Case studies are used to demonstrate surgical and therapeutic outcomes as well as the results of a patient survey conducted for a service evaluation. We discuss the role of the MDT in supporting recovery as well as the role of targeted fNMR. The term fNMR is often used interchangeably with facial therapy or facial rehabilitation. We will refer to fNMR as a technique of facial rehabilitation.We aim to demonstrate that an MDT approach to the treatment of people with facial palsy provides positive outcomes for this surgical population and that future research would be beneficial to support this service delivery model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kimber
- Department of Speech and Language Therapy, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anne Rodger
- Department of Physiotherapy, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Rachel Higgins
- Department of Physiotherapy, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Gerry Christofi
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Sutherland CAM, Young AW. Understanding trait impressions from faces. Br J Psychol 2022; 113:1056-1078. [PMID: 35880691 PMCID: PMC9796653 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Impressions from faces are made remarkably quickly and they can underpin behaviour in a wide variety of social contexts. Over the last decade many studies have sought to trace the links between facial cues and social perception and behaviour. One such body of work has shown clear overlap between the fields of face perception and social stereotyping by demonstrating a role for conceptual stereotypes in impression formation from faces. We integrate these results involving conceptual influences on impressions with another substantial body of research in visual cognition which demonstrates that much of the variance in impressions can be predicted from perceptual, data-driven models using physical cues in face images. We relate this discussion to the phylogenetic, cultural, individual and developmental origins of facial impressions and define priority research questions for the field including investigating non-WEIRD cultures, tracking the developmental trajectory of impressions and determining the malleability of impression formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A. M. Sutherland
- School of Psychology, King's CollegeUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK,School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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Bassiri-Tehrani B, Nguyen A, Choudhary A, Guart J, Di Chiaro B, Purnell CA. The Effect of Wearing a Mask on Facial Attractiveness. Aesthet Surg J Open Forum 2022; 4:ojac070. [PMID: 36320221 PMCID: PMC9494328 DOI: 10.1093/asjof/ojac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated masking in public spaces. Masks may impact the perceived attractiveness of individuals and hence, interpersonal relations. Objectives To determine if facial coverings affect attractiveness. Methods An online survey was conducted using 114 headshot images, 2 each-unmasked and masked-of 57 individuals. Two hundred and seven participants rated them on an ordinal scale from 1 (least attractive) to 10 (most attractive). Parametric and nonparametric tests were performed, as appropriate, for comparison. Results For the first quartile, the average rating increased significantly when wearing a mask (5.89 ± 0.29 and 6.54 ± 0.67; P = 0.01). For control images ranked within the fourth quartile, the average rating decreased significantly when wearing a mask (7.60 ± 0.26 and 6.62 ± 0.55; P < 0.001). In the female subgroup (n = 34), there was a small increase in average rating when masked, whereas in the male subgroup (n = 23), there was a small decrease in average rating when masked, but the change was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). For unmasked female images ranked within the first quartile, the average rating increased significantly when wearing a mask (5.77 ± 0.27 and 6.76 ± 0.36; P = 0.001). For the female subgroup with mean ratings within the fourth quartile, the average decreased significantly when wearing a medical mask (7.53 ± 0.30 and 6.77 ± 0.53; P < 0.05). For unmasked male images ranked within the first quartile, the average rating increased when wearing a medical mask but the change was not statistically significant (P > 0.05), whereas for the control male images within the fourth quartile, the average rating decreased significantly when masked (7.72 ± 0.18 and 6.50 ± 0.54; P < 0.05). Conclusions While wearing a facial covering significantly increased attractiveness for images less attractive at baseline, and decreased attractiveness for those that are more attractive at baseline; it did not cause a significant overall change in attractiveness in the study population. Level of Evidence 5
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bassiri-Tehrani
- Aesthetic plastic surgery fellow, The Center for Plastic Surgery at MetroDerm/Emory Aesthetic Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Jiddu Guart
- Postgraduate year 2 resident, Division of General Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bianca Di Chiaro
- Postgraduate year 3 resident, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chad A Purnell
- Assistant professor, Division of Plastic, Reconstructive & Cosmetic Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Facial recognition technology can expose political orientation from naturalistic facial images. Sci Rep 2021; 11:100. [PMID: 33431957 PMCID: PMC7801376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous facial recognition technology can expose individuals’ political orientation, as faces of liberals and conservatives consistently differ. A facial recognition algorithm was applied to naturalistic images of 1,085,795 individuals to predict their political orientation by comparing their similarity to faces of liberal and conservative others. Political orientation was correctly classified in 72% of liberal–conservative face pairs, remarkably better than chance (50%), human accuracy (55%), or one afforded by a 100-item personality questionnaire (66%). Accuracy was similar across countries (the U.S., Canada, and the UK), environments (Facebook and dating websites), and when comparing faces across samples. Accuracy remained high (69%) even when controlling for age, gender, and ethnicity. Given the widespread use of facial recognition, our findings have critical implications for the protection of privacy and civil liberties.
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Nakamura K, Ohta A, Uesaki S, Maeda M, Kawabata H. Geometric morphometric analysis of Japanese female facial shape in relation to psychological impression space. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05148. [PMID: 33072915 PMCID: PMC7549058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial appearance has essential consequences in various social interactions. Previous studies have shown that although people can perceive a variety of impressions from a face, these impressions may form from a relatively small number of core dimensions in the psychological impression space (e.g., valence and dominance). However, few studies have thus far examined which facial shape features contribute to perceptions of the core trait impression dimensions for Asian female faces. This study aimed to identify the commonalities between various facial impressions of Japanese female faces and determine the facial shape components associated with such impressions by applying geometric morphometric (GMM) analysis. In Experiment 1 (Modeling study), Japanese female faces were evaluated in terms of 18 trait adjectives that are frequently used to describe facial appearance in daily life. We found that Japanese female facial appearance is indeed evaluated mainly on the valence and dominance dimensions. In Experiment 2 (Validation study), we confirmed that all the trait impressions were quantitatively manipulated by transforming the facial shape features associated with valence and dominance. Our results provide evidence that various facial impressions derived from these two underlying dimensions can be quantitatively manipulated by transforming facial shape using the GMM techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Nakamura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
- Keio Advanced Research Centers, Japan
| | - Anri Ohta
- R&D, Sunstar Inc., Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideaki Kawabata
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Keio University, Japan
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Fino E, Di Campli S, Patrignani G, Mazzetti M. Professional framing and emotional stability modulate facial appearance biases in nursing students. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2020; 17:e12351. [PMID: 32524769 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Providing the same standard of care to all patients alike, regardless of race, gender, age or any other irrelevant characteristic is imperative in the healthcare profession. In this study we examined whether and to what extent unintentional evaluations based on facial appearance of others affect nursing students' readiness to approach them and provide nursing care. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to July 2019. Nursing students (N = 160) enrolled in the Nursing Degree Course of School of Medicine of Bologna University, completed a self-report questionnaire assessing personality traits and evaluated photographs of trustworthy, untrustworthy and neutral-looking male and female faces, while indicating their own approach behavior in a series of social interaction and caretaking scenarios. RESULTS Trustworthy faces elicited a higher approach readiness than untrustworthy and neutral ones across scenarios. Nonetheless, the nursing care scenario facilitated the approach toward others perceived as untrustworthy. Emotional stability trait further enhanced the approach of untrustworthy-looking others and provision of impartial care. CONCLUSION Present findings suggest that facial appearance bias among nursing students may be downregulated by activating cognitive representations of their professional role as future caretakers and their caretaking motivation. This speaks of the need to integrate as early as possible into existing nursing education programs simulation scenarios aimed to increase emotional awareness and model nursing students' future relational and caring skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Fino
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Di Campli
- Dipartimento Cardio-toraco-vascolare, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Patrignani
- Dipartimento della Donna, del bambino e delle malattie urologiche, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Mazzetti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Rimondini M, Mazzi MA, Busch IM, Bensing J. You only have one chance for a first impression! Impact of Patients' First Impression on the Global Quality Assessment of Doctors' Communication Approach. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:1413-1422. [PMID: 29995443 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1495159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients' first impressions obtained during early contacts with doctors represent the basis for relationship building processes. Aim of this study was to verify how patients' first impression of doctors' communication approach influences patients' global assessment of doctors' performance. This cross-sectional study was part of a larger, multicenter observational study aiming to assess lay-people's preferences regarding patient-doctor communication. All participants (N = 136) were equally distributed over two selected Italian and Dutch recruitment centers as well as for gender and age. In each center, panels of 6-9 persons each watched the same set of eight videotaped Objective Structured Clinical Examination consultations. Participants performed different tasks as to pick up salient communication elements while watching the videos and to rate doctors' global communicative performances on a 10-point Likert scale. We performed a mediation analysis to assess direct and indirect effects of participants' first impression on participants' global assessment. Among the 439 collected first impressions, 284(65%) were positive. When the first impression was positive, the mean value of the global assessment of doctors' performance was significantly higher (M = 7.4, SD = 1.5) than when the first impression was negative (M = 6.0, SD = 1.6); t(437) = 9.0 p < .001. According to the mediation analysis, this difference was due to a direct (c' = 0.53) and an indirect effect (ab = 0.86) deriving from the total effect of first impressions on the global assessment of doctors' performances (c = 1.39). In conclusion, the first impression has a strong impact on positive and negative judgments on doctors' communication approach and may facilitate or inhibit all further interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Rimondini
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona
| | - Maria Angela Mazzi
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona
| | - Isolde Martina Busch
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona
| | - Jozien Bensing
- Department of Health Psychology, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL)
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Utrecht University
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9
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The Public Face of Rhinoplasty: Impact on Perceived Attractiveness and Personality. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 142:881-887. [PMID: 30252808 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The authors assess the impact of rhinoplasty on public perception of a patient's appearance and personality. METHODS A survey was created using standardized before-and-after photographs of 10 Caucasian women who had undergone primary rhinoplasty. Photographs of two additional women who had not undergone facial surgery were randomly included as controls, for a total of 12 survey items. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were placed side by side. The survey was administered by means of crowd-sourcing. Respondents were asked to evaluate which photograph better represented 11 traits of appearance or personality, according to a seven-point Likert scale. A score of 1 meant the preoperative photograph was much better, 7 meant the postoperative photograph was much better, and 4 meant no difference. T tests and analyses of variance were used to evaluate rating changes for each trait and differences between demographic groups. RESULTS There were 264 responses received. Averaged scores across the 10 survey patients produced a value for each appearance or personality trait. In 10 of 11 categories (i.e., symmetry, youthfulness, facial harmony, likeability, trustworthiness, confidence, femininity, attractiveness, approachability, and intelligence), the postoperative photograph was significantly favorable compared with the preoperative photograph (p < 0.00001). The preoperative photograph was rated higher only in aggressiveness (p < 0.001). The same scores were calculated for the controls; no significant difference in any category was seen except confidence, where the right image was viewed as more confident (mean, 4.19; p < 0.005). CONCLUSION Aesthetic rhinoplasty improves the public perception of a person's appearance and personality in multiple aspects.
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10
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Sakamoto M, Kwon J, Tamada H, Hirahara Y. Optimal linguistic expression in negotiations depends on visual appearance. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195496. [PMID: 29621361 PMCID: PMC5886572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the influence of the visual appearance of a negotiator on persuasiveness within the context of negotiations. Psychological experiments were conducted to quantitatively analyze the relationship between visual appearance and the use of language. Male and female participants were shown three female and male photographs, respectively. They were asked to report how they felt about each photograph using a seven-point semantic differential (SD) scale for six affective factors (positive impression, extraversion, intelligence, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and agreeableness). Participants then answered how they felt about each negotiation scenario (they were presented with pictures and a situation combined with negotiation sentences) using a seven-point SD scale for seven affective factors (positive impression, extraversion, intelligence, conscientiousness, emotional stability, agreeableness, and degree of persuasion). Two experiments were conducted using different participant groups depending on the negotiation situations. Photographs with good or bad appearances were found to show high or low degrees of persuasion, respectively. A multiple regression equation was obtained, indicating the importance of the three language factors (euphemistic, honorific, and sympathy expressions) to impressions made during negotiation. The result shows that there are optimal negotiation sentences based on various negotiation factors, such as visual appearance and use of language. For example, persons with good appearance might worsen their impression during negotiations by using certain language, although their initial impression was positive, and persons with bad appearance could effectively improve their impressions in negotiations through their use of language, although the final impressions of their negotiation counterpart might still be more negative than those for persons with good appearance. In contrast, the impressions made by persons of normal appearance were not easily affected by their use of language. The results of the present study have significant implications for future studies of effective negotiation strategies considering visual appearance as well as gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Sakamoto
- Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Jinhwan Kwon
- Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tamada
- Department of Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
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South Palomares JK, Sutherland CA, Young AW. Facial first impressions and partner preference models: Comparable or distinct underlying structures? Br J Psychol 2017; 109:538-563. [DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. South Palomares
- Department of Psychology University of York Heslington UK
- Department of Education University of York Heslington UK
| | - Clare A.M. Sutherland
- Department of Psychology University of York Heslington UK
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders School of Psychology University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
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Sutherland CAM, Liu X, Zhang L, Chu Y, Oldmeadow JA, Young AW. Facial First Impressions Across Culture: Data-Driven Modeling of Chinese and British Perceivers' Unconstrained Facial Impressions. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 44:521-537. [PMID: 29226785 DOI: 10.1177/0146167217744194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
People form first impressions from facial appearance rapidly, and these impressions can have considerable social and economic consequences. Three dimensions can explain Western perceivers' impressions of Caucasian faces: approachability, youthful-attractiveness, and dominance. Impressions along these dimensions are theorized to be based on adaptive cues to threat detection or sexual selection, making it likely that they are universal. We tested whether the same dimensions of facial impressions emerge across culture by building data-driven models of first impressions of Asian and Caucasian faces derived from Chinese and British perceivers' unconstrained judgments. We then cross-validated the dimensions with computer-generated average images. We found strong evidence for common approachability and youthful-attractiveness dimensions across perceiver and face race, with some evidence of a third dimension akin to capability. The models explained ~75% of the variance in facial impressions. In general, the findings demonstrate substantial cross-cultural agreement in facial impressions, especially on the most salient dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A M Sutherland
- 1 Department of Psychological Science, University of York, UK.,2 ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Department of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Xizi Liu
- 1 Department of Psychological Science, University of York, UK
| | - Lingshan Zhang
- 1 Department of Psychological Science, University of York, UK
| | - Yingtung Chu
- 1 Department of Psychological Science, University of York, UK
| | - Julian A Oldmeadow
- 3 Department of Psychology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew W Young
- 1 Department of Psychological Science, University of York, UK
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Testing the Utility of a Data-Driven Approach for Assessing BMI from Face Images. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140347. [PMID: 26460526 PMCID: PMC4603950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that facial cues of adiposity may be important for human social interaction. However, tests for quantifiable cues of body mass index (BMI) in the face have examined only a small number of facial proportions and these proportions were found to have relatively low predictive power. Here we employed a data-driven approach in which statistical models were built using principal components (PCs) derived from objectively defined shape and color characteristics in face images. The predictive power of these models was then compared with models based on previously studied facial proportions (perimeter-to-area ratio, width-to-height ratio, and cheek-to-jaw width). Models based on 2D shape-only PCs, color-only PCs, and 2D shape and color PCs combined each performed significantly and substantially better than models based on one or more of the previously studied facial proportions. A non-linear PC model considering both 2D shape and color PCs was the best predictor of BMI. These results highlight the utility of a “bottom-up”, data-driven approach for assessing BMI from face images.
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