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Azarpeikan AR, Omranipour R, Mahmoodzadeh H, Miri SR, Mohammadzadeh N, Derakhshan F, Farzanefar S, Abbasi M. Application of Breast Scintigraphy for Patients with Suspicious (Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System IV) Breast Lesions. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:86. [PMID: 37288015 PMCID: PMC10241632 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_347_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The surgery for a breast imaging-reporting and data system (BIRADS) IV lesions needs imaging or pathology supporting data. The roll of breast scintigraphy for this purpose is unclear. Materials and Methods In a prospective design, 16 patients with 25 BIRADS IV lesions who were scheduled for surgery were included. Before the surgery, breast scintigraphy was done using a nondedicated dual head gamma camera in the prone position employing a shaped foam pad providing imaging at breast pendulous position. Twenty mCi99m Tc methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile was injected and two 15 and 60-min delayed imaging were done (anterior, bilateral, and single photon emission computed tomography [SPECT] projections). Pathology reports were collected and tumor to nontumor uptake ratio (T/NT) was analyzed, accordingly. Results Out of all lesions, 12 were malignant (invasive ductal and lobular carcinoma ductal carcinoma in situ). At 15 min, T/NT was insignificantly higher in the malignant compared to benign lesions (22.8 ± 23.9 vs. 10.1 ± 10.1; P = 0.109). The optimal T/NT cutoff for discrimination of malignant and benign lesions was 20. Only 1 out of 13 benign lesions presented uptake >20 (7.7%; false-positive rate; P = 0.047). The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for T/NT calculated at 0.68, 0.42, and 0.92, respectively. The T/NT at 60 min remained unchanged for either benign or malignant lesions (22.3 ± 30.2 vs. 11.7 ± 17.1; P = 0.296). Conclusions Breast scintigraphy with general purpose gamma camera employing SPECT imaging may assist the selection of BIRADS IV lesions in need for surgery. All uptake positive cases should undergo surgery and decision for uptake negative cases should be made based on other data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Azarpeikan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramesh Omranipour
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Breast Disease Research Center, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Rouhollah Miri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narjes Mohammadzadeh
- Department of General Surgery, Emam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhang Derakhshan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Farzanefar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrshad Abbasi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xiao L, Xin J. Advances in Clinical Oncology Research on 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT Imaging. Front Oncol 2022; 12:898764. [PMID: 35712468 PMCID: PMC9195171 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.898764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin alpha(α)v beta(β)3 receptor is ubiquitous in malignant tumors and has a certain level of specificity for tumors. Technetium-99m hydrazinonicotinamide-dimeric cyclic arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid peptide with three polyethylene glycol spacers (99mTc-3PRGD2) can bind specifically to the integrin αvβ3 receptor with high selectivity and strong affinity. Thus, it can specifically mark tumors and regions with angiogenesis for tumor detection and be used in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This modality has good application value for diagnosing and treating tumor lesions, such as those in the lung, breast, esophagus, head, and neck. This review provides an overview of the current clinical research progress of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging for tumor lesions, including for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tumors in different body parts, evaluation of related metastases, and evaluation of efficacy. In addition, the future clinical application prospects and possibilities of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT imaging are further discussed.
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Crișan G, Moldovean-Cioroianu NS, Timaru DG, Andrieș G, Căinap C, Chiș V. Radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT Imaging: A Literature Review over the Last Decade. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095023. [PMID: 35563414 PMCID: PMC9103893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) uses radioactive tracers and enables the functional imaging of several metabolic processes, blood flow measurements, regional chemical composition, and/or chemical absorption. Depending on the targeted processes within the living organism, different tracers are used for various medical conditions, such as cancer, particular brain pathologies, cardiac events, and bone lesions, where the most commonly used tracers are radiolabeled with 18F (e.g., [18F]-FDG and NA [18F]). Oxygen-15 isotope is mostly involved in blood flow measurements, whereas a wide array of 11C-based compounds have also been developed for neuronal disorders according to the affected neuroreceptors, prostate cancer, and lung carcinomas. In contrast, the single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) technique uses gamma-emitting radioisotopes and can be used to diagnose strokes, seizures, bone illnesses, and infections by gauging the blood flow and radio distribution within tissues and organs. The radioisotopes typically used in SPECT imaging are iodine-123, technetium-99m, xenon-133, thallium-201, and indium-111. This systematic review article aims to clarify and disseminate the available scientific literature focused on PET/SPECT radiotracers and to provide an overview of the conducted research within the past decade, with an additional focus on the novel radiopharmaceuticals developed for medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Crișan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | | | - Diana-Gabriela Timaru
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
| | - Gabriel Andrieș
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, County Clinical Hospital, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Călin Căinap
- The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Republicii 34-36, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Vasile Chiș
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Str. M. Kogălniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.C.); (N.S.M.-C.); (D.-G.T.)
- Institute for Research, Development and Innovation in Applied Natural Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Str. Fântânele 30, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
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Urbano N, Scimeca M, Tancredi V, Bonanno E, Schillaci O. 99mTC-sestamibi breast imaging: Current status, new ideas and future perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 84:302-309. [PMID: 31982511 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we proposed the most recent innovations in the use of Breast Specific Gamma Imaging with 99mTc-sestamibi for the management of breast cancer patients. To this end, we reported the recent discoveries concerning: a) the implementation of both instrumental devices and software, b) the biological mechanisms involved in the 99mTc-sestamibi uptake in breast cancer cells, c) the evaluation of Breast Specific Gamma Imaging with 99mTc-sestamibi as predictive markers of metastatic diseases. In this last case, we also reported preliminary data about the capability of Breast Specific Gamma Imaging with 99mTc-sestamibi to identify breast cancer lesions with high propensity to form bone metastatic lesions due to the presence of Breast Osteoblast-Like Cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy; University of San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (FUV), Piazza Velasca 5, 20122, Milano (Mi), Italy; UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- Department of Systems Medicine, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Centre of Space Biomedicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy; Diagnostica Medica' & 'Villa dei Platani', Neuromed Group, Avellino, 83100, Italy
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077, Italy.
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Advanced approaches to imaging primary breast cancer: an update. Clin Transl Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-019-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chen Z, Fu F, Li F, Zhu Z, Yang Y, Chen X, Jia B, Zheng S, Huang C, Miao W. Comparison of [ 99mTc]3PRGD 2 Imaging and [ 18F]FDG PET/CT in Breast Cancer and Expression of Integrin α vβ 3 in Breast Cancer Vascular Endothelial Cells. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 20:846-856. [PMID: 29497956 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the value of 99mtechnetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ([99mTc]3PRGD2) imaging in diagnosis and staging of breast cancer compared with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) imaging, and to explore the expression of integrin αvβ3 in tumor vascular endothelial cells. PROCEDURES Forty-two women with suspected breast cancer underwent both [99mTc]3PRGD2 imaging and [18F]FDG imaging. Visual analysis was used to assess primary breast lesion, axillary lymph node, and distant metastasis. The tumor-blood (T/B) ratios from [99mTc]3PRGD2 imaging and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from [18F]FDG imaging were analyzed for breast lesions. Integrin αvβ3 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Forty-five breast lesions were found (malignant, n = 38; benign, n = 7). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of [99mTc]3PRGD2 and [18F]FDG imaging in visual analysis for the breast lesion were 97.4, 87.5, and 95.6 % and 97.4, 71.4, and 93.3 %, respectively (P > 0.05). For semi-quantitative analysis, no significant difference of the area under the curves (AUC) was found in the imaging using the two radiopharmaceuticals (0.880 and 0.955; Z = 0.88, P > 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for axillary lymph node metastasis with [99mTc]3PRGD2 and [18F]FDG were 78.05, 99.36, and 94.92 % and 85.37, 98.72, and 95.64 %, respectively (P > 0.05). Nine patients with distant metastases were all detected with the two radiopharmaceuticals. The expression of integrin αvβ3 was correlated with [99mTc]3PRGD2 uptake (r = 0.582, P = 0.001), which were significantly higher in the HER2-positive and stage III-IV patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The prospective study demonstrated that [99mTc]3PRGD2 imaging seems to be valuable for diagnosis of breast cancer and its staging. It may be less sensitive for detecting small lymph node metastatic lesions when compared with [18F]FDG imaging. Integrin αvβ3 in tumor microvessels was associated with the breast cancer subtype and its staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenying Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmeng Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing St., Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing St., Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou, 350001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjin Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Miao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 20 Chazhong Road, Taijiang District, Fuzhou, 350005, People's Republic of China.
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[ 99mTc]3PRGD 2 for integrin receptor imaging of esophageal cancer: a comparative study with [ 18F]FDG PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 33:135-143. [PMID: 30392070 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of 99mtechnetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid ([99mTc]3PRGD2) in the evaluation of patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with a suspected esophageal lesion and for whom definite pathological diagnosis was finally obtained were recruited. Whole-body planar scanning and chest single-photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) were performed at 30 and 40 min, respectively, after intravenous injection of 11.1 MBq/kg of [99mTc]3PRGD2. 2-Deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed in 1 week. The tumor-to-background ratio (T/B) and the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) were calculated for semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses. Integrin αvβ3 was analyzed through immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The T/B, SUVmax and expression of integrin αvβ3 in malignant lesions were higher than those in benign lesions (t = 3.691, P = 0.001; t = 8.271, P = 0.000; t = 3.632, P = 0.001, respectively). There was a significant correlation between T/B and SUVmax in esophageal lesions (r = 0.660, P = 0.000). The expression of integrin αvβ3 was correlated with [99mTc]3PRGD2 uptake (r = 0.782, P = 0.000). In visual analysis, the sensitivity and accuracy of the whole-body planar RGD scan were lower than those of the chest SPECT/CT RGD scan and the [18F]FDG PET/CT scan (x2 = 6.769, P = 0.022). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the chest SPECT/CT RGD scan were similar to those of the [18F] FDG PET/CT scan. In semi-quantitative analysis, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of chest SPECT/CT RGD from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were 87%, 100% and 94%, respectively [cutoff = 3.1 of T/B, area under the curve (AUC) = 0.957]. Thirteen patients (30 lymph nodes) and 16 patients (105 lymph nodes) were suspected to have lymph node metastases based on the RGD and FDG scans, respectively. CONCLUSION This prospective study demonstrated that [99mTc]3PRGD2 imaging is valuable for the diagnosis and staging of esophageal cancer. It may be less sensitive than [18F]FDG imaging for detecting metastatic lesions in small lymph nodes. The T/B value was correlated with the expression of integrin αvβ3. NIH CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT 02744729.
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Rezazadeh F, Sadeghzadeh N. Tumor targeting with 99m Tc radiolabeled peptides: Clinical application and recent development. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:205-221. [PMID: 30299570 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeting overexpressed receptors on the cancer cells with radiolabeled peptides has become very important in nuclear oncology in the recent years. Peptides are small and have easy preparation and easy radiolabeling protocol with no side-effect and toxicity. These properties made them a valuable tool for tumor targeting. Based on the successful imaging of neuroendocrine tumors with 111 In-octreotide, other receptor-targeting peptides such as bombesin (BBN), cholecystokinin/gastrin analogues, neurotensin analogues, glucagon-like peptide-1, and RGD peptides are currently under development or undergoing clinical trials. The most frequently used radionuclides for tumor imaging are 99m Tc and 111 In for single-photon emission computed tomography and 68 Ga and 18 F for positron emission tomography imaging. This review presents some of the 99m Tc-labeled peptides, with regard to their potential for radionuclide imaging of tumors in clinical and preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Rezazadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nourollah Sadeghzadeh
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Advantages of 99mTc-3PRGD 2 SPECT over CT in the preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer. Ann Nucl Med 2018; 33:39-46. [PMID: 30218281 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1300-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study was designed to compare the diagnostic efficacies of integrated 99mTc-HYNIC-PEG4-E[PEG4-c(RGDfK)]2 (99mTc-3PRGD2) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images and computed tomography (CT) images in lymph node metastasis in the patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS From September 2015 and May 2018, 32 patients with histologically proven primary esophageal carcinoma underwent both 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT and CT scans followed by esophagectomy with lymph node dissection. The results of reviewing 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT and CT images for the lymph node metastasis were compared in relation with pathologic findings. RESULTS During surgery, a total of 168 lymph nodes were dissected in 32 patients, of which 42 node groups in 18 patients were malignant on histologic examination. Preoperative nodal staging was compared with postoperative histopathological staging, The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT for lymph nodes were 80.95%, 86.51%, 85.12%, 66.67%, and 93.16% on per-node basis, respectively; compared with 59.52%, 73.02%, 69.64%, 42.37%, and 84.40% for CT (p = 0.034, 0.008, 0.005, 0.011, and 0.038, respectively). 70.59% (12/17) false-negative interpretations and 50% (17/34) false-positive interpretations on CT were corrected by 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT. 37.5% false-negative interpretations on 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT were corrected by CT. 11.90% (5/42) positive lymph nodes and 13.49% (17/126) negative nodes at pathology were incorrectly diagnosed both by 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT and CT. The accuracy of 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT (87.50%, 28/32) was significantly higher than that of CT (62.50, 20/32; p = 0.022) on per-patient basis. 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT showed significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy in the neck and upper thoracic regions than CT. For nodal staging, 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT was correct in 78.12% (25/32) of the patients, whereas CT was correct in 53.12% (17/32), p = 0.037. CONCLUSION 99mTc-3PRGD2 SPECT is more accurate than CT for preoperative assessment of lymph node metastasis in esophageal cancer and may be helpful in determining the therapeutic plan.
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Fernandes RS, de Aguiar Ferreira C, Soares DCF, Maffione AM, Townsend DM, Rubello D, de Barros ALB. The role of radionuclide probes for monitoring anti-tumor drugs efficacy: A brief review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:469-476. [PMID: 28865367 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the development of new therapeutic agents and diagnostic imaging modalities, cancer is still one of the main causes of death worldwide. A better understanding of the molecular signature of cancer has promoted the development of a new generation of anti-cancer drugs and diagnostic agents that specifically target molecular components such as genes, ligands, receptors and signaling pathways. However, intrinsic heterogeneity of tumors has hampered the overall success of target therapies even among patients with similar tumor types but unpredictable different responses to therapy. In this sense, post-treatment response monitoring becomes indispensable and nuclear medicine imaging modalities could provide the tools for an early indication of therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we briefly discuss the current role of PET and SPECT imaging in monitoring cancer therapy together with an update on the current radiolabeled probes that are currently investigated for tumor therapy response assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Salgado Fernandes
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de análises Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Cristian Ferreira Soares
- Laboratório de Bioengenharia, Universidade Federal de Itajubá (UNIFEI), Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200, Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Anna Margherita Maffione
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Medical Physics and Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Medical Physics and Clinical Pathology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Laboratório de radioisótopos, Departamento de análises Clinicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Chen G, Ouyang Z, Wang F, Wu H, Jia B, Chordia MD. Evaluation of Tc-99m-3PRGD2 Integrin Receptor Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Breast Lesions and Comparison With Mammography. Cancer Invest 2017; 35:108-115. [PMID: 28135863 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1270957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aims of this study were to evaluate and compare efficacies of Tc-99m-3PRGD2 integrin receptor imaging under variety of conditions for the diagnosis of breast lesions, in addition to comparison with mammography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-two female patients with established breast lesions were recruited. All patients were examined by Tc-99m-3PRGD2 integrin receptor imaging and mammography. Whole-body scan and SPECT/CT were acquired at dual time points of 2 and 4 h after injection using standard protocol. The processed images were evaluated by visual and semi-quantitative analysis. Mammography was performed using up and down and internal and external oblique views. The gold standard of diagnosis was based on histopathological findings. RESULTS Sensitivity greater than 85.0% and accuracy greater than 80.0% were observed under any technical method. For dense mammary gland, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Tc-99m-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT 4-h imaging and mammography were 95.2, 75.0, and 90.7%, and 71.4, 58.3, and 68.5% respectively. Combined two methods' sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of breast cancer can reach 98.3, 86.7, and 96.0%. CONCLUSIONS Tc-99m-3PRGD2-based molecular imaging is a sensitive method for the differential diagnosis of breast lesions. Particularly, Tc-99m-3PRGD2-SPECT/CT has better diagnostic value in dense mammary gland as compared with mammography. Combining two methods can significantly improve the diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibing Chen
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Zhong Ouyang
- b Department of Breast Surgery , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Fan Wang
- c Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Hua Wu
- d Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center , The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University , Xiamen , China
| | - Bing Jia
- c Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Mahendra D Chordia
- e Department of Radiology , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia , USA
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O'Connor MK, Morrow MMB, Hunt KN, Boughey JC, Wahner-Roedler DL, Conners AL, Rhodes DJ, Hruska CB. Comparison of Tc-99m maraciclatide and Tc-99m sestamibi molecular breast imaging in patients with suspected breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2017; 7:5. [PMID: 28091980 PMCID: PMC5237435 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-017-0255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular breast imaging (MBI) performed with 99mTc sestamibi has been shown to be a valuable technique for the detection of breast cancer. Alternative radiotracers such as 99mTc maraciclatide may offer improved uptake in breast lesions. The purpose of this study was to compare relative performance of 99mTc sestamibi and 99mTc maraciclatide in patients with suspected breast cancer, using a high-resolution dedicated gamma camera for MBI. Women with breast lesions suspicious for malignancy were recruited to undergo two MBI examinations—one with 99mTc sestamibi and one with 99mTc maraciclatide. A radiologist interpreted MBI studies in a randomized, blinded fashion to assign an assessment score (1–5) and measured lesion size. Lesion-to-background (L/B) ratio was measured with region-of-interest analysis. Results Among 39 analyzable patients, 21 malignant tumors were identified in 21 patients. Eighteen of 21 tumors (86%) were seen on 99mTc sestamibi MBI and 19 of 21 (90%) were seen on 99mTc maraciclatide MBI (p = 1). Tumor extent measured with both radiopharmaceuticals correlated strongly with pathologic size (99mTc sestamibi, r = 0.84; 99mTc maraciclatide, r = 0.81). The L/B ratio in detected breast cancers was similar for the two radiopharmaceuticals: 1.55 ± 0.36 (mean ± S.D.) for 99mTc sestamibi and 1.62 ± 0.37 (mean ± S.D.) for 99mTc maraciclatide (p = 0.53). No correlation was found between the L/B ratio and molecular subtype for 99mTc sestamibi (rs = 0.12, p = 0.63) or 99mTc maraciclatide (rs = −0.12, p = 0.64). Of 20 benign lesions, 10 (50%) were seen on 99mTc sestamibi and 9 of 20 (45%) were seen on 99mTc maraciclatide images (p = 0.1). The average L/B ratio for benign lesions was 1.34 ±0.40 (mean ±S.D.) for 99mTc sestamibi and 1.41 ±0.52 (mean ±S.D.) for 99mTc maraciclatide (p = 0.75). Overall diagnostic performance was similar for both radiopharmaceuticals. AUC from ROC analysis was 0.83 for 99mTc sestamibi and 0.87 for 99mTc maraciclatide (p = 0.64). Conclusions 99mTc maraciclatide offered comparable lesion uptake to 99mTc sestamibi, in both malignant and benign lesions. There was good correlation between lesion extent and uptake measured from both radiopharmaceuticals. 99mTc maraciclatide offered a marginal (but not significant) improvement in sensitivity over 99mTc sestamibi. Our findings did not support an association between the uptake of either radiopharmaceutical and tumor molecular subtype. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00888589
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K O'Connor
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton 1-225, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA.
| | - Melissa M B Morrow
- Health Sciences Research and the Kern Center for the Science of Healthcare Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Katie N Hunt
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton 1-225, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Judy C Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | | | - Amy Lynn Conners
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton 1-225, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Deborah J Rhodes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Carrie B Hruska
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton 1-225, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
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Zhang Z, Zhao X, Ding C, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang F. (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT Imaging for Monitoring Early Response of EGFR-TKIs Therapy in Patients with Advanced-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2016; 31:238-45. [PMID: 27563805 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2016.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 imaging for evaluating both early treatment response to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and prognosis in advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighteen patients with lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled for EGFR-TKIs therapy. (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT and planar imaging were performed pre- and post-therapy. The tumor to nontumor (T/NT) ratio and percentage change in T/NT ratio were assessed for the treatment response. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was utilized to analyze the power of identifying responders based on the changes in T/NT ratios. RESULTS After treatment, 10 patients had partial response (PR), and 6 patients stable disease (SD), while 2 patients progressive disease (PD). The mean changes in T/NT ratios on SPECT/CT and planar images in PR group were 35.8% and 15.0% and in SD group were 8.9% and 0.7%, while in PD group were 76.1% and 18.7%, respectively. For ROC analysis, using a cutoff value of 23.8% decrease in T/NT ratio on SPECT/CT images, the sensitivity and specificity in identifying responders were 80.0% and 87.5%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with responders and nonresponders (on (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 SPECT/CT) was 18 months (95% CI 5.8-30.2 months) and 7 months (95% CI 5.2-8.8 months), respectively (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION (99m)Tc-3PRGD2 imaging can evaluate the early response to EGFR-targeted therapy and predict the PFS of lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Zhang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinming Zhao
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cuimin Ding
- 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmian Zhang
- 1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fan Wang
- 3 Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University , Beijing, China
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Shi J, Wang F, Liu S. Radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides as radiotracers for tumor imaging. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2016; 2:1-20. [PMID: 27819026 PMCID: PMC5071373 DOI: 10.1007/s41048-016-0021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The integrin family comprises 24 transmembrane receptors, each a heterodimeric combination of one of 18α and one of 8β subunits. Their main function is to integrate the cell adhesion and interaction with the extracellular microenvironment with the intracellular signaling and cytoskeletal rearrangement through transmitting signals across the cell membrane upon ligand binding. Integrin αvβ3 is a receptor for the extracellular matrix proteins containing arginine–glycine–aspartic (RGD) tripeptide sequence. The αvβ3 is generally expressed in low levels on the epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed in many solid tumors. The αvβ3 levels correlate well with the potential for tumor metastasis and aggressiveness, which make it an important biological target for development of antiangiogenic drugs, and molecular imaging probes for early tumor diagnosis. Over the last decade, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as radiotracers for imaging tumors by SPECT or PET. Even though they are called “αvβ3-targeted” radiotracers, the radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides are also able to bind αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6 integrins, which may help enhance their tumor uptake due to the “increased receptor population.” This article will use the multimeric cyclic RGD peptides as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of integrin-targeted radiotracers and focus on different approaches to maximize their tumor uptake and T/B ratios. It will also discuss important assays for pre-clinical evaluations of the integrin-targeted radiotracers, and their potential applications as molecular imaging tools for noninvasive monitoring of tumor metastasis and early detection of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Shi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Fan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China ; Medical Isotopes Research Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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Comparison of biological properties of 99mTc-labeled cyclic RGD Peptide trimer and dimer useful as SPECT radiotracers for tumor imaging. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:661-669. [PMID: 27556955 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to evaluate a 99mTc-labeled trimeric cyclic RGD peptide (99mTc-4P-RGD3) as the new radiotracer for tumor imaging. The objective was to compare its biological properties with those of 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the same animal model. METHODS HYNIC-4P-RGD3 was prepared by reacting 4P-RGD3 with excess HYNIC-OSu in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared using a kit formulation, and evaluated for its tumor-targeting capability and biodistribution properties in the BALB/c nude mice with U87MG human glioma xenografts. Planar and SPECT imaging studies were performed in athymic nude mice with U87MG glioma xenografts. For comparison purpose, 99mTc-3P-RGD2 (a αvβ3-targeted radiotracer currently under clinical evaluation for tumor imaging in cancer patients) was also evaluated in the same animal models. Blocking experiments were used to demonstrate the αvβ3 specificity of 99mTc-4P-RGD3. RESULTS 99mTc-4P-RGD3 was prepared with >95% RCP and high specific activity (~200GBq/μmol). 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2 shared almost identical tumor uptake and similar biodistribution properties. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 had higher uptake than 99mTc-3P-RGD2 in the intestines and kidneys; but it showed better metabolic stability. The U87MG tumors were clearly visualized by SPECT with excellent contrast with 99mTc-4P-RGD3 and 99mTc-3P-RGD2. CONCLUSION Increasing peptide multiplicity from 3P-RGD2 to 4P-RGD3 offers no advantages with respect to the tumor-targeting capability. 99mTc-4P-RGD3 is as good a SPECT radiotracer as 99mTc-3P-RGD2 for imaging αvβ3-positive tumors.
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Liu S. Radiolabeled Cyclic RGD Peptide Bioconjugates as Radiotracers Targeting Multiple Integrins. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1413-38. [PMID: 26193072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a requirement for tumor growth and metastasis. The angiogenic process depends on vascular endothelial cell migration and invasion, and is regulated by various cell adhesion receptors. Integrins are such a family of receptors that facilitate the cellular adhesion to and migration on extracellular matrix proteins in the intercellular spaces and basement membranes. Among 24 members of the integrin family, αvβ3 is studied most extensively for its role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. The αvβ3 is expressed at relatively low levels on epithelial cells and mature endothelial cells, but it is highly expressed on the activated endothelial cells of tumor neovasculature and some tumor cells. This restricted expression makes αvβ3 an excellent target to develop antiangiogenic drugs and diagnostic molecular imaging probes. Since αvβ3 is a receptor for extracellular matrix proteins with one or more RGD tripeptide sequence, many radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides have been evaluated as "αvβ3-targeted" radiotracers for tumor imaging over the past decade. This article will use the dimeric and tetrameric cyclic RGD peptides developed in our laboratories as examples to illustrate basic principles for development of αvβ3-targeted radiotracers. It will focus on different approaches to maximize the radiotracer tumor uptake and tumor/background ratios. This article will also discuss some important assays for preclinical evaluations of integrin-targeted radiotracers. In general, multimerization of cyclic RGD peptides increases their integrin binding affinity and the tumor uptake and retention times of their radiotracers. Regardless of their multiplicity, the capability of cyclic RGD peptides to bind other integrins (namely, αvβ5, α5β1, α6β4, α4β1, and αvβ6) is expected to enhance the radiotracer tumor uptake due to the increased integrin population. The results from preclinical and clinical studies clearly show that radiolabeled cyclic RGD peptides (such as (99m)Tc-3P-RGD2, (18)F-Alfatide-I, and (18)F-Alfatide-II) are useful as the molecular imaging probes for early cancer detection and noninvasive monitoring of the tumor response to antiangiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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