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Wang Y, Neto OP, Weinrich M, Abbott R, Diaz-Artiles A, Kennedy DM. The effect of inherent and incidental constraints on bimanual force control in simulated Martian gravity. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 95:103199. [PMID: 38518737 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The ability to coordinate actions between the limbs is important for many operationally relevant tasks associated with space exploration. A future milestone in space exploration is sending humans to Mars. Therefore, an experiment was designed to examine the influence of inherent and incidental constraints on the stability characteristics associated with the bimanual control of force in simulated Martian gravity. A head-up tilt (HUT)/head-down tilt (HDT) paradigm was used to simulate gravity on Mars (22.3° HUT). Right limb dominant participants (N = 11) were required to rhythmically coordinate patterns of isometric forces in 1:1 in-phase and 1:2 multifrequency patterns by exerting force with their right and left limbs. Lissajous displays were provided to guide task performance. Participants performed 14 twenty-second practice trials at 90° HUT (Earth). Following a 30-min rest period, participants performed 2 test trials for each coordination pattern in both Earth and Mars conditions. Performance during the test trials were compared. Results indicated very effective temporal performance of the goal coordination tasks in both gravity conditions. However, results indicated differences associated with the production of force between Earth and Mars. In general, participants produced less force in simulated Martian gravity than in the Earth condition. In addition, force production was more harmonic in Martian gravity than Earth gravity for both limbs, indicating that less force distortions (adjustments, hesitations, and/or perturbations) occurred in the Mars condition than in the Earth condition. The force coherence analysis indicated significantly higher coherence in the 1:1 task than in the 1:2 task for all force frequency bands, with the highest level of coherence in the 1-4 Hz frequency band for both gravity conditions. High coherence in the 1-4 Hz frequency band is associated with a common neural drive that activates the two arms simultaneously and is consistent with the requirements of the two tasks. The results also support the notion that neural crosstalk stabilizes the performance of the 1:1 in-phase task. In addition, significantly higher coherence in the 8-12 Hz frequency bands were observed for the Earth condition than the Mars condition. Force coherence in the 8-12 Hz bands is associated with the processing of sensorimotor information, suggesting that participants were better at integrating visual, proprioceptive, and/or tactile feedback in Earth than for the Mars condition. Overall, the results indicate less neural interference in Martian gravity; however, participants appear to be more effective at using the Lissajous displays to guide performance under Earth's gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Osmar P Neto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, SP, Brazil
| | - Madison Weinrich
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Renee Abbott
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Ana Diaz-Artiles
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, TX, USA; Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
| | - Deanna M Kennedy
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas A&M University, TX, USA.
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Loued-Khenissi L, Pfeiffer C, Saxena R, Adarsh S, Scaramuzza D. Microgravity induces overconfidence in perceptual decision-making. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9727. [PMID: 37322248 PMCID: PMC10272216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Does gravity affect decision-making? This question comes into sharp focus as plans for interplanetary human space missions solidify. In the framework of Bayesian brain theories, gravity encapsulates a strong prior, anchoring agents to a reference frame via the vestibular system, informing their decisions and possibly their integration of uncertainty. What happens when such a strong prior is altered? We address this question using a self-motion estimation task in a space analog environment under conditions of altered gravity. Two participants were cast as remote drone operators orbiting Mars in a virtual reality environment on board a parabolic flight, where both hyper- and microgravity conditions were induced. From a first-person perspective, participants viewed a drone exiting a cave and had to first predict a collision and then provide a confidence estimate of their response. We evoked uncertainty in the task by manipulating the motion's trajectory angle. Post-decision subjective confidence reports were negatively predicted by stimulus uncertainty, as expected. Uncertainty alone did not impact overt behavioral responses (performance, choice) differentially across gravity conditions. However microgravity predicted higher subjective confidence, especially in interaction with stimulus uncertainty. These results suggest that variables relating to uncertainty affect decision-making distinctly in microgravity, highlighting the possible need for automatized, compensatory mechanisms when considering human factors in space research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Loued-Khenissi
- Laboratory for Behavioral Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Neuroscience Department, Medical School, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Pfeiffer
- Robotics and Perception Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rupal Saxena
- Robotics and Perception Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shivam Adarsh
- Robotics and Perception Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Scaramuzza
- Robotics and Perception Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Diaz-Artiles A, Wang Y, Davis MM, Abbott R, Keller N, Kennedy DM. The Influence of Altered-Gravity on Bimanual Coordination: Retention and Transfer. Front Physiol 2022; 12:794705. [PMID: 35069255 PMCID: PMC8777123 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.794705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the activities associated with spaceflight require individuals to coordinate actions between the limbs (e.g., controlling a rover, landing a spacecraft). However, research investigating the influence of gravity on bimanual coordination has been limited. The current experiment was designed to determine an individual's ability to adapt to altered-gravity when performing a complex bimanual force coordination task, and to identify constraints that influence coordination dynamics in altered-gravity. A tilt table was used to simulate gravity on Earth [90° head-up tilt (HUT)] and microgravity [6° head-down tilt (HDT)]. Right limb dominant participants (N = 12) were required to produce 1:1 in-phase and 1:2 multi-frequency force patterns. Lissajous information was provided to guide performance. Participants performed 14, 20 s trials at 90° HUT (Earth). Following a 30-min rest period, participants performed, for each coordination pattern, two retention trials (Earth) followed by two transfer trials in simulated microgravity (6° HDT). Results indicated that participants were able to transfer their training performance during the Earth condition to the microgravity condition with no additional training. No differences between gravity conditions for measures associated with timing (interpeak interval ratio, phase angle slope ratio) were observed. However, despite the effective timing of the force pulses, there were differences in measures associated with force production (peak force, STD of peak force mean force). The results of this study suggest that Lissajous displays may help counteract manual control decrements observed during microgravity. Future work should continue to explore constraints that can facilitate or interfere with bimanual control performance in altered-gravity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Diaz-Artiles
- Bioastronautics and Human Performance Lab, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yiyu Wang
- Neuromuscular Coordination Lab, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Madison M. Davis
- Neuromuscular Coordination Lab, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Renee Abbott
- Bioastronautics and Human Performance Lab, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Nathan Keller
- Bioastronautics and Human Performance Lab, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Deanna M. Kennedy
- Neuromuscular Coordination Lab, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Fabre M, Antoine M, Robitaille MG, Ribot-Ciscar E, Ackerley R, Aimonetti JM, Chavet P, Blouin J, Simoneau M, Mouchnino L. Large Postural Sways Prevent Foot Tactile Information From Fading: Neurophysiological Evidence. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgaa094. [PMID: 34296149 PMCID: PMC8152841 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgaa094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous foot receptors are important for balance control, and their activation during quiet standing depends on the speed and the amplitude of postural oscillations. We hypothesized that the transmission of cutaneous input to the cortex is reduced during prolonged small postural sways due to receptor adaptation during continued skin compression. Central mechanisms would trigger large sways to reactivate the receptors. We compared the amplitude of positive and negative post-stimulation peaks (P50N90) somatosensory cortical potentials evoked by the electrical stimulation of the foot sole during small and large sways in 16 young adults standing still with their eyes closed. We observed greater P50N90 amplitudes during large sways compared with small sways consistent with increased cutaneous transmission during large sways. Postural oscillations computed 200 ms before large sways had smaller amplitudes than those before small sways, providing sustained compression within a small foot sole area. Cortical source analyses revealed that during this interval, the activity of the somatosensory areas decreased, whereas the activity of cortical areas engaged in motor planning (supplementary motor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) increased. We concluded that large sways during quiet standing represent self-generated functional behavior aiming at releasing skin compression to reactivate mechanoreceptors. Such balance motor commands create sensory reafference that help control postural sway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Fabre
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3C, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Marine Antoine
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Edith Ribot-Ciscar
- LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260, FR3C), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Rochelle Ackerley
- LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260, FR3C), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aimonetti
- LNSC (Laboratoire de Neurosciences Sensorielles et Cognitives - UMR 7260, FR3C), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Pascale Chavet
- Institut des Sciences du Mouvement, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille 13288, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3C, Marseille 13331, France
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Département de kinésiologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, FR 3C, Marseille 13331, France
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Saradjian AH, Teasdale N, Blouin J, Mouchnino L. Independent Early and Late Sensory Processes for Proprioceptive Integration When Planning a Step. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2353-2365. [PMID: 29750263 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatosensory inputs to the cortex undergo an early and a later stage of processing which are characterized by an early and a late somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). The early response is highly representative of the stimulus characteristics whereas the late response reflects a more integrative, task specific, stage of sensory processing. We hypothesized that the later processing stage is independent of the early processing stage. We tested the prediction that a reduction of the first volley of input to the cortex should not prevent the increase of the late SEP. Using the sensory interference phenomenon, we halved the amplitude of the early response to somatosensory input of the ankle joints (evoked by vibration) when participants either planned a step forward or remained still. Despite the initial cortical response to the vibration being massively decreased in both tasks, the late response was still enhanced during step planning. Source localization indicated the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) as the likely origin of the late response modulation. Overall these results support the dissociation between the processes underlying the early and late SEP. The later processing stage could involve both direct and indirect thalamic connections to PPC which bypass the postcentral somatosensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Normand Teasdale
- Faculté de médecine, Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,CHU de Québec - Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Centre d'excellence sur le vieillissement de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Blouin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC FR 3C 3512, Marseille, France
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The influence of microgravity on cerebral blood flow and electrocortical activity. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:1057-1062. [PMID: 30741333 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gravity conditions have previously been reported to influence brain hemodynamics as well as neuronal activity. This paper attempts to identify a possible link between changes in brain blood flow and neuronal activity during microgravity. Middle cerebral artery flow velocity (MCAv) was measured using Doppler ultrasound. Brain cortical activity (i.e., cortical current density) was measured using electroencephalography. Finger blood pressure was recorded and exported to generate beat-by-beat systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and cerebrovascular conductance index (CVCi). Seventeen participants were evaluated under normal gravity conditions and microgravity conditions, during 15 bouts of 22-s intervals of weightlessness during a parabolic flight. Although MAP decreased and CO increased, MCAv remained unchanged in the microgravity condition. CVCi as the quotient of MCAv and MAP increased in microgravity. Cortical current density showed a global decrease. Our data support earlier data reporting a decrease in the amplitude of event-related potentials recorded during microgravity. However, the general decrease in neural excitability in microgravity seems not to be dependent on hemodynamic changes.
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Acket B, Amirova L, Gerdelat A, Cintas P, Custaud MA, Pavy-LeTraon A. Dry immersion as a model of deafferentation: A neurophysiology study using somatosensory evoked potentials. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201704. [PMID: 30133473 PMCID: PMC6104952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dry immersion is a ground-based experiment simulating the effects of weightlessness, and it is a model of acute symmetrical bilateral deafferentation. This exploratory study aimed to investigate the effects of three days of dry immersion (DI) on sensory thresholds and the functioning of lemniscal pathways, assessed by somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). Methods Twelve healthy male volunteers (32+/-4.8 years) participated in the study. Sensory thresholds and SEPs of the tibial nerve of both limbs were recorded before (D-1) and on the third day of dry immersion (D3). Results Sensory thresholds significantly decreased on D3 (-20.75 +/-21.7%; z = -2.54; p = 0.0109 on the right side and -22.18+/-17.28%; z = -3.059; p = 0.002 on the left side). The amplitude of P40 responses did not differ between D-1 and D3. Latencies of all central responses until P30 were shortened on D3 (N21 right:-0.57+/-0.31; z = -3.06; p = 0.002; N21 left -0.83+/-0.53; z = -2.94; p = 0.003; P30 right: -1.26+/-1.42; z = -3.059; p = 0.002; P30 left: -1.11+/-1.55; z = -2.27; p = 0.02) Conclusion Three days of dry immersion can induce hyperexcitability of lemniscal pathways. Significance This may be explained by a change in the expression of membrane channels and/or medullar plasticity and/or hypersensitization of peripheral sensory receptors induced by this acute deafferentation. Additional studies are needed to further elucidate the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Acket
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Liubov Amirova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- University of Angers, Medicine Faculty, Mitovasc Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM, Angers, France
| | - Angelique Gerdelat
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascal Cintas
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Custaud
- University of Angers, Medicine Faculty, Mitovasc Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM, Angers, France
- Clinical Research Center, CHU d'Angers, France
| | - Anne Pavy-LeTraon
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1048, Equipe 8, Toulouse, France
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Rousseau C, Papaxanthis C, Gaveau J, Pozzo T, White O. Initial information prior to movement onset influences kinematics of upward arm pointing movements. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:1673-1683. [PMID: 27486106 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00616.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To elaborate a motor plan and perform online control in the gravity field, the brain relies on priors and multisensory integration of information. In particular, afferent and efferent inputs related to the initial state are thought to convey sensorimotor information to plan the upcoming action. Yet it is still unclear to what extent these cues impact motor planning. Here we examined the role of initial information on the planning and execution of arm movements. Participants performed upward arm movements around the shoulder at three speeds and in two arm conditions. In the first condition, the arm was outstretched horizontally and required a significant muscular command to compensate for the gravitational shoulder torque before movement onset. In contrast, in the second condition the arm was passively maintained in the same position with a cushioned support and did not require any muscle contraction before movement execution. We quantified differences in motor performance by comparing shoulder velocity profiles. Previous studies showed that asymmetric velocity profiles reflect an optimal integration of the effects of gravity on upward movements. Consistent with this, we found decreased acceleration durations in both arm conditions. However, early differences in kinematic asymmetries and EMG patterns between the two conditions signaled a change of the motor plan. This different behavior carried on through trials when the arm was at rest before movement onset and may reveal a distinct motor strategy chosen in the context of uncertainty. Altogether, we suggest that the information available online must be complemented by accurate initial information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Rousseau
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1093), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; and
| | - Charalambos Papaxanthis
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1093), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; and
| | - Jérémie Gaveau
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1093), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; and
| | - Thierry Pozzo
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1093), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; and Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Olivier White
- Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; Institut National de Santé et de Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1093), Cognition Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice (CAPS) UMR1093, Dijon, France; and
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Lhomond O, Teasdale N, Simoneau M, Mouchnino L. Neural Consequences of Increasing Body Weight: Evidence from Somatosensory Evoked Potentials and the Frequency-Specificity of Brain Oscillations. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:318. [PMID: 27445758 PMCID: PMC4925671 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the control of human balance suggested that increased pressure under the feet, leading to reduced plantar sole mechanoreceptors sensitivity, increases body sway. Although this suggestion is attracting, it is unclear whether increased plantar sole pressure simply reduces the transmission of plantar sole afferent to the cortex or also alters the sensorimotor integrative mechanisms. Here we used electrical stimulation applied under the sole of the foot to probe the sensorimotor mechanisms processing foot mechanoreceptors. Balance control of healthy individuals was assessed either when wearing a loaded vest or in normal-weight condition. In the Loaded condition, we observed decreased cortical activity over the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) for both an early P50-N90 somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and for oscillatory brain activity within the gamma band (30–80 Hz). These reductions were interpreted as a disrupted early sensory transmission (i.e., decreased early SEP) leading to a decreased perception of plantar sole sensory information (i.e., decreased gamma band power). These early sensory mechanisms for the Loaded condition were associated with an increase in the late P170-N210 SEP and oscillatory brain activity within the beta band (19–24 Hz). These neural signatures involved areas which are engaged in sensorimotor integrative processes (secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and right temporoparietal junction). Altered early and late sensory processes may result from the increase pressure on the mechanoreceptors of the foot sole and not from postural instability per se. Indeed, postural instability with normal weight condition did not lead to SEP changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Lhomond
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Normand Teasdale
- Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de QuébecQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Département de Kinésiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de QuébecQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Mouchnino
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
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10
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Sensory modulation of movement, posture and locomotion. Neurophysiol Clin 2015; 45:255-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Mouchnino L, Fontan A, Tandonnet C, Perrier J, Saradjian AH, Saradjian A, Blouin J, Simoneau M. Facilitation of cutaneous inputs during the planning phase of gait initiation. J Neurophysiol 2015; 114:301-8. [PMID: 25925329 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00668.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that during the planning of a voluntary movement the transmission of cutaneous afferent inputs to the somatosensory cortex is attenuated shortly before the motor output as well as during movement execution. However, it is not known whether the sensory suppression observed during the planning phase (i.e., before any movement execution) is a systemic phenomenon or whether it is dependent on movement context. For example, movements such as step initiation are controlled based on information received from cutaneous receptors in the feet. Because afferent information emerging from these receptors is critical for movement initiation, we hypothesized that suppression of these inputs may not occur during the planning phase prior to gait initiation. To examine this hypothesis we measured the cortical response to somatosensory stimulation during the planning phase of step initiation and during movement execution. Sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation was assessed by measuring the amplitude of the cortical somatosensory-evoked potential (SEP, over the Cz electrode) following electrical stimulations of the plantar sole of one foot. Two stimulations were provided during the planning phase of a step movement and two stimulations during movement execution. It was found that the P50-N80 SEP was facilitated in the early planning phase (-700 ms before motor execution) compared with when participants remained still (control standing task). This mechanism might contribute to an enhanced perception of cutaneous input leading to a more accurate setting of the forces to be exerted onto the ground to shift the body's weight toward the supporting side prior to foot-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Mouchnino
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France;
| | - Aurélie Fontan
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Tandonnet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Marseille, France
| | - Joy Perrier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | | | - Anahid Saradjian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Jean Blouin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives, FR 3C, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Simoneau
- Faculté de médecine, Département de kinésiologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; and Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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