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Arora N, Keshri AK, Kaur R, Rawat SS, Prasad A. Immunoinformatic Approaches for Vaccine Designing for Pathogens with Unclear Pathogenesis. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2412:425-437. [PMID: 34918259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1892-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Designing a vaccine against a pathogen has been the toughest challenge to fight against any infectious diseases. To overcome this problem, use of artificial neural network with immuno-informatics is emerging as a front runner solution. For a successful designing of a potent vaccine, prediction of T-cell/B-cell epitopes, antigen processing and presentation analysis, antigenic potential analysis of epitopes, usages of linkers, population coverage, codon optimization, allergenicity assessment, toxicity prediction of construct, and finally protein-peptide docking for stability of vaccine are important steps. To achieve this, several bioinformatics software, tools and online web servers have been developed for each application, which have their own advantages and limitations. Scientists must evaluate these parameters and should take the decision to apply more suitable and precise servers for each analysis and prediction based on their accuracy, suitability, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Arora
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anand K Keshri
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rimanpreet Kaur
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suraj Singh Rawat
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Rostaminia S, Aghaei SS, Farahmand B, Nazari R, Ghaemi A. Computational Design and Analysis of a Multi-epitope Against Influenza A virus. Int J Pept Res Ther 2021; 27:2625-2638. [PMID: 34539293 PMCID: PMC8435298 DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are among the most studied viruses, however no effective prevention against influenza infection has been developed. So, designing an effective vaccine against Influenza A virus is a critical issue in the field of medical biotechnology. For this reason, to combat this disease, we have designed a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate based on the several conserved and potential linear B-cell and T-cell binding epitopes by using the in silico approach. This vaccine consists of an ER signal conserved sequence, the PADRE conserved epitope and two conserved epitopes of Influenza matrix protein 2. T-cell binding epitopes from Matrix protein 2 were predicted by in silico tools of epitope prediction. The selected epitopes were joined by flexible linkers and physicochemical properties, toxicity, and allergenecity were investigated. The designed vaccine was antigenic, immunogenic, and non-allergenic with suitable physicochemical properties and has higher solubility. The final multi-epitope construct was modeled, confirmed by different programs and the molecular interactions with immune receptors were considered. The molecular docking assay indicated the interactions with immune-stimulatory toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI). The HADDOCK and H DOCK servers were used to make docking analysis, respectively. The docking analysis indicated a strong and stable binding interaction between the vaccine construct with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and toll-like receptor 3. Overall, the findings suggest that the current vaccine may be a promising vaccine to prevent Influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Rostaminia
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Behrokh Farahmand
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69, P.O.Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raziye Nazari
- Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 69, P.O.Box: 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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Shermeh AS, Zahedifard F, Habibzadeh S, Taheri T, Rafati S, Seyed N. Evaluation of protection induced by in vitro maturated BMDCs presenting CD8 + T cell stimulating peptides after a heterologous vaccination regimen in BALB/c model against Leishmania major. Exp Parasitol 2021; 223:108082. [PMID: 33581108 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex vector-borne disease mediated by Leishmania parasite and a strong and long-lasting CD4+ Th1 and CD8+-T cell immunity is required to control the infection. Thus far multivalent subunit vaccines have met this requirement more promisingly. However several full protein sequences cannot be easily arranged in one construct. Instead, new emerging immune-informatics based epitope formulations surpass this restriction. Herein, we aimed to examine the protective potential of a dendritic cell based vaccine presenting epitopes to CD8+ and CD4+-T cells in combination with DNA vaccine encoding the same epitopes against murine cutaneous leishmaniasis. Immature DCs were loaded with epitopes (selected from parasite proteome) in vitro with or without CpG oligonucleotides and were used to immunize BALB/c mice. Peptide coding DNA was used to boost the system and immunological responses were evaluated after Leishmania (L.) major infectious challenge. The pre-challenge response to included epitopes was Th1 polarized which potentially lowered the infection at early time points post-challenge but not at later weeks. Collectively, DC prime-DNA boost was found to be a promising approach for Th1 polarization however the constituent epitopes undoubtedly make a significant contribution in the protection outcome of the vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Sadeghi Shermeh
- Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Zahedifard
- Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Habibzadeh
- Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Taheri
- Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Rafati
- Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Seyed
- Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Kardani K, Bolhassani A, Namvar A. An overview of in silico vaccine design against different pathogens and cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines 2020; 19:699-726. [PMID: 32648830 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1794832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to overcome the hardness of the vaccine design, computational vaccinology is emerging widely. Prediction of T cell and B cell epitopes, antigen processing analysis, antigenicity analysis, population coverage, conservancy analysis, allergenicity assessment, toxicity prediction, and protein-peptide docking are important steps in the process of designing and developing potent vaccines against various viruses and cancers. In order to perform all of the analyses, several bioinformatics tools and online web servers have been developed. Scientists must take the decision to apply more suitable and precise servers for each part based on their accuracy. AREAS COVERED In this review, a wide-range list of different bioinformatics tools and online web servers has been provided. Moreover, some studies were proposed to show the importance of various bioinformatics tools for predicting and developing efficient vaccines against different pathogens including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi as well as cancer. EXPERT OPINION Immunoinformatics is the best way to find potential vaccine candidates against different pathogens. Thus, the selection of the most accurate tools is necessary to predict and develop potent preventive and therapeutic vaccines. To further evaluation of the computational and in silico vaccine design, in vitro/in vivo analyses are required to develop vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Kardani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- Iranian Comprehensive Hemophilia Care Center , Tehran, Iran
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Bauer TV, Tregubchak TV, Maksyutov AZ, Kolosova IV, Maksyutov RA, Gavrilova EV. [Development of the drug oncolytic immunotherapy based on vaccinia viruses (Vaccinia virus, Orthopoxvirus, Chordopoxvirinae, Poxviridae) against breast cancer.]. Vopr Virusol 2020; 65:49-56. [PMID: 32496721 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-1-49-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, new directions in cancer therapy are actively developing, one of which is oncolytic immunotherapy. This approach would be to use of viruses as cancer specific cytolytic agents capable of stimulating both the tumor-specific and non-specific immune response. The objective paper was obtain a recombinant vaccinia virus containing genes encoding immunostimulating molecules and study oncolytic and immunostimulating properties of recombinant virus. MATERIAL AND METHODS MTT test, ELISA, methods of transient dominant selection. RESULTS The recombinant vaccinia virus (L-IVP_oncoB) were obtained with deletion of the gene encoding thymidine kinase and had an integrated gene encoding GM-CSF. Also the virus have deletion of the gene encoding viral growth factor and integrated genes encoding synthetic tumor-specific polyepitopic immunogens. It was shown that the modifications made to the viral genome did not affect the growth characteristics of the virus when cultured on CV-1 and 4647 cell cultures, and the cytopathogenic efficacy of the virus was determined in relation to cancer cultures of cells of various genesis. In in vivo experiment, it was revealed that the polyepitopic construct in the genome L-IVP_oncoB is able to initiate a change in the profile of cytokines. DISCUSSION The obtained data characterized L-IVP_oncoB as a promising cytopathogenic and immunostimulating agent and showed the need for further study of its properties as means of oncolytic immunotherapy. CONCLUSION The basic experiments on the evaluation of the biological properties of the obtained L-IVP_oncoB, which are necessary for the characterization of the oncolytic virus, have been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Bauer
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - T V Tregubchak
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - A Z Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - I V Kolosova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - R A Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
| | - E V Gavrilova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector», Koltsovo, Novosibirsk Region, 630559, Russia
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Chimeric Vaccines Designed by Immunoinformatics-Activated Polyfunctional and Memory T Cells That Trigger Protection against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020252. [PMID: 32471081 PMCID: PMC7349981 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been proposed; however, to date, none of them have been efficacious for the human or canine disease. On this basis, the design of leishmaniasis vaccines has been constantly changing, and the use of approaches to select specific epitopes seems to be crucial in this scenario. The ability to predict T cell-specific epitopes makes immunoinformatics an even more necessary approach, as in VL an efficient immune response against the parasite is triggered by T lymphocytes in response to Leishmania spp. immunogenic antigens. Moreover, the success of vaccines depends on the capacity to generate long-lasting memory and polyfunctional cells that are able to eliminate the parasite. In this sense, our study used a combination of different approaches to develop potential chimera candidate vaccines against VL. The first point was to identify the most immunogenic epitopes of Leishmania infantum proteins and construct chimeras composed of Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II epitopes. For this, we used immunoinformatics features. Following this, we validated these chimeras in a murine model in a thorough memory study and multifunctionality of T cells that contribute to a better elucidation of the immunological protective mechanisms of polyepitope vaccines (chimera A and B) using multicolor flow cytometry. Our results showed that in silico-designed chimeras can elicit polyfunctional T cells producing T helper (Th)1 cytokines, a strong immune response against Leishmania antigen, and the generation of central and effector memory T cells in the spleen cells of vaccinated animals that was able to reduce the parasite burden in this organ. These findings contribute two potential candidate vaccines against VL that can be used in further studies, and help in this complex field of vaccine development against this challenging parasite.
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Akya A, Farasat A, Ghadiri K, Rostamian M. Identification of HLA-I restricted epitopes in six vaccine candidates of Leishmania tropica using immunoinformatics and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 75:103953. [PMID: 31284043 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In spite of numerous studies on vaccination for various species of Leishmania, research on the development of an effective vaccine for L. tropica is very scarce. In silico epitope prediction is a new way to survey the best vaccine candidates. Here, we predicted the best epitopes of six L. tropica antigens with vaccine capability against this pathogen, using highly frequent HLA-I alleles. Based on the frequent HLA alleles, the protein sequences were screened individually using four different MHC prediction applications, namely SYFPEITHI, ProPredI, BIMAS, and IEDB. Several in silico assays including clustering, human similarity exclusion, epitope conservancy prediction, investigating in experimental records, immunogenicity prediction, and prediction of population coverage were performed to narrow the results and to find the best epitopes. The selected epitopes and their restricted HLA-I alleles were docked and the final epitopes with the lowest binding energy (the highest binding affinity) were chosen. Finally, the stability and the binding properties of the best epitope-HLA-I combinations were analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation studies. We found ten potential peptides with strong binding affinity to highly frequent HLA-I alleles that can be further evaluated as vaccine targets against L. tropica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Akya
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Farasat
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Keyghobad Ghadiri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mosayeb Rostamian
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Lima-Junior JDC, Morgado FN, Conceição-Silva F. How Can Elispot Add Information to Improve Knowledge on Tropical Diseases? Cells 2017; 6:cells6040031. [PMID: 28961208 PMCID: PMC5755491 DOI: 10.3390/cells6040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elispot has been used as an important tool for detecting immune cells' products and functions and has facilitated the understanding of host-pathogen interaction. Despite the incredible diversity of possibilities, two main approaches have been developed: the immunopathogenesis and diagnosis/prognosis of infectious diseases as well as cancer research. Much has been described on the topics of allergy, autoimmune diseases, and HIV-Aids, however, Elispot can also be applied to other infectious diseases, mainly leishmaniasis, malaria, some viruses, helminths and mycosis usually classified as tropical diseases. The comprehension of the function, concentration and diversity of the immune response in the infectious disease is pointed out as crucial to the development of infection or disease in humans and animals. In this review we will describe the knowledge already obtained using Elispot as a method for accessing the profile of immune response as well as the recent advances in information about host-pathogen interaction in order to better understand the clinical outcome of a group of tropical and neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué da Costa Lima-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão 26-4° andar, sala 406-C, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Nazaré Morgado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão 26-5° andar, sala 509, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fátima Conceição-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Pavilhão 26-4° andar, sala 406-C, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Pirdel L, Zavaran Hosseini A. Immune response to recombinant Leishmania infantum lipophosphoglycan 3 plus CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in BALB/c mice. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 27353355 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Development of a protective antileishmanial vaccine is an urgent priority for successful control of different forms of leishmaniasis. The potential of a recombinant lipophosphoglycan 3 (rLPG3) expressed by Leishmania tarentolae was evaluated in combination with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) as a Th1-promoting adjuvant against Leishmania infantum infection in BALB/c mice. First, mice were immunized subcutaneously with rLPG3 either alone or in combination with CpG-ODN. Next, the immunogenic and protective efficacies of this vaccine were analysed in immunized mice. It was observed that coadministration of rLPG3 with CpG-ODN led to enhance in a Th1 response to rLPG3 induced by itself as the IFN-γ production was promoted in association with the predominant presence of IgG2a antibodies in the sera. However, immunization with rLPG3 plus CpG-ODN induced partial protection against infectious challenge in BALB/c mice. Taken together, further studies are required to improve the protective efficacy using either more potent immune enhancers or vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pirdel
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - A Zavaran Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Dikhit MR, Amit A, Singh AK, Kumar A, Mansuri R, Sinha S, Topno RK, Mishra R, Das VNR, Pandey K, Sahoo GC, Ali V, Bimal S, Das P. Vaccine potential of HLA-A2 epitopes from Leishmania
Cysteine Protease Type III (CPC). Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Dikhit
- Department of Bioinformatics; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - A. Amit
- Department of Immunology; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - A. K. Singh
- Department of Immunology; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
- Department of Pathology; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - A. Kumar
- Department of Immunology; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - R. Mansuri
- Department of Bioinformatics; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - S. Sinha
- Department of Bioinformatics; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - R. K. Topno
- Department of Epidemiology; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - R. Mishra
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - V. N. R. Das
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - K. Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - G. C. Sahoo
- Department of Bioinformatics; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - V. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - S. Bimal
- Department of Immunology; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
| | - P. Das
- Department of Molecular Parasitology; Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences; Patna India
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Dikhit MR, Kumar A, Amit A, Dehury B, Nathsharma YP, Ansari MY, Ali V, Topno RK, Das V, Pandey K, Sahoo GC, Bimal S, Das P. Mining the Proteome of Leishmania donovani for the Development of Novel MHC Class I Restricted Epitope for the Control of Visceral Leishmaniasis. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:378-391. [PMID: 28585770 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although, the precise host defence mechanism(s) is not completely understood, T cell-mediated immune responses is believed to play a pivotal role in controlling parasite infection. Here we target the stage dependent over expressed gene. Here, the consensus based computational approach was adopted for the screening of potential major histocompatibility complex class I restricted epitopes. Based on the computational analysis and previously published report, a set 19 antigenic proteins derived from Leishmania donovani were screened for further characterization as vaccine candidates. A total of 49 epitopes were predicted, which revealed a comprehensive binding affinity to the 40 different MHC class I supertypes. Based on the population coverage and HLA cross presentation, nine highly promiscuous epitopes such as LTYDDVWTV (P1), FLFPQRTAL(P2), FLFSNGAVV (P3), YIYNFGIRV (P4), YMTAAFAAL (P5), KLLRPFAPL (P6), FMLGWIVTI (P7), SLFERNKRV (P8), and SVWNRIFTL (P9) which have either a high or an intermediate TAP binding affinity were selected for further analysis. Theoretical population coverage analysis of polytope vaccine (P1-P9) revealed more than 92% population. Stimulation with the cocktail of peptide revealed a proliferative CD8+ T cell response and increased IFN-γ production. An upregulated NF-κB activity is thought to be play a pivotal role in T cell proliferation against the selected peptide. The Th1-type cytokine profile (presence of IFN-γ and absence of IL-10) suggests the potentiality of the cocktail of epitope as a subunit vaccine against leishmaniasis. However, the efficiency of these epitopes to trigger other Th1 cytokines and chemokines in a humanized mice model could explore its plausibility as a vaccine candidate. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 378-391, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas R Dikhit
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
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- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Ajay Amit
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Department of Bioinformatics, ICMR Regional Medical research Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751016, India
| | - Yangya Prasad Nathsharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Mohammad Yousuf Ansari
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Vahab Ali
- Departmentof Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical, Patna 800007, India
| | - Roshan Kamal Topno
- Department of Epidemiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Vnr Das
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Sahoo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Sanjiva Bimal
- Department of Immunology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
| | - Pradeep Das
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India.,Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna 800007, India
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Immuno-informatics based approaches to identify CD8+ T cell epitopes within the Leishmania donovani 3-ectonucleotidase in cured visceral leishmaniasis subjects. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:358-369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Alves-Silva MV, Nico D, Morrot A, Palatnik M, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB. A Chimera Containing CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Epitopes of the Leishmania donovani Nucleoside Hydrolase (NH36) Optimizes Cross-Protection against Leishmania amazonesis Infection. Front Immunol 2017; 8:100. [PMID: 28280494 PMCID: PMC5322207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Leishmania donovani nucleoside hydrolase (NH36) and NH A34480 of Leishmania amazonensis share 93% of sequence identity. In mice, the NH36 induced protection against visceral leishmaniasis is mediated by a CD4+ T cell response against its C-terminal domain (F3). Besides this CD4+ Th1 response, prevention and cure of L. amazonensis infection require also additional CD8+ and regulatory T-cell responses to the NH36 N-terminal (F1 domain). We investigated if mice vaccination with F1 and F3 domains cloned in tandem, in a recombinant chimera, with saponin, optimizes the vaccine efficacy against L. amazonensis infection above the levels promoted by the two admixed domains or by each domain independently. The chimera induced the highest IgA, IgG, and IgG2a anti-NH36 antibody, IDR, IFN-γ, and IL-10 responses, while TNF-α was more secreted by mice vaccinated with F3 or all F3-contaning vaccines. Additionally, the chimera and the F1 vaccine also induced the highest proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting IL-2, TNF-α, or IFN-γ alone, TNF-α in combination with IL-2 or IFN-γ, and of CD4+ multifunctional cells secreting IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Correlating with the immunological results, the strongest reductions of skin lesions sizes were determined by the admixed domains (80%) and by the chimera (84%), which also promoted the most pronounced and significant reduction of the parasite load (99.8%). Thus, the epitope presentation in a recombinant chimera optimizes immunogenicity and efficacy above the levels induced by the independent or admixed F1 and F3 domains. The multiparameter analysis disclosed that the Th1-CD4+ T helper response induced by the chimera is mainly directed against its FRYPRPKHCHTQVA epitope. Additionally, the YPPEFKTKL epitope of F1 induced the second most important CD4+ T cell response, and, followed by the DVAGIVGVPVAAGCT, FMLQILDFYTKVYE, and ELLAITTVVGNQ sequences, also the most potent CD8+ T cell responses and IL-10 secretion. Remarkably, the YPPEFKTKL epitope shows high amino acid identity with a multipotent PADRE sequence and stimulates simultaneously the CD4+, CD8+ T cell, and a probable T regulatory response. With this approach, we advanced in the design of a NH36 polytope vaccine capable of inducing cross-protection to cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinícius Alves-Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia e Bioquímica de Leishmania, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Vegetal e Bioprocessos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dirlei Nico
- Laboratório de Biologia e Bioquímica de Leishmania, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Imunologia Integrada, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Palatnik
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina-Hospital Universitario Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarisa B. Palatnik-de-Sousa
- Laboratório de Biologia e Bioquímica de Leishmania, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Investigação em Imunologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Martins VT, Duarte MC, Lage DP, Costa LE, Carvalho AMRS, Mendes TAO, Roatt BM, Menezes-Souza D, Soto M, Coelho EAF. A recombinant chimeric protein composed of human and mice-specific CD4+and CD8+T-cell epitopes protects against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasite Immunol 2016; 39. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. T. Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - M. C. Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - D. P. Lage
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - L. E. Costa
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - A. M. R. S. Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - T. A. O. Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - B. M. Roatt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - D. Menezes-Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - M. Soto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa; CSIC-UAM; Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - E. A. F. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica; COLTEC; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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15
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Seyed N, Taheri T, Rafati S. Post-Genomics and Vaccine Improvement for Leishmania. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:467. [PMID: 27092123 PMCID: PMC4822237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that primarily affects Asia, Africa, South America, and the Mediterranean basin. Despite extensive efforts to develop an effective prophylactic vaccine, no promising vaccine is available yet. However, recent advancements in computational vaccinology on the one hand and genome sequencing approaches on the other have generated new hopes in vaccine development. Computational genome mining for new vaccine candidates is known as reverse vaccinology and is believed to further extend the current list of Leishmania vaccine candidates. Reverse vaccinology can also reduce the intrinsic risks associated with live attenuated vaccines. Individual epitopes arranged in tandem as polytopes are also a possible outcome of reverse genome mining. Here, we will briefly compare reverse vaccinology with conventional vaccinology in respect to Leishmania vaccine, and we will discuss how it influences the aforementioned topics. We will also introduce new in vivo models that will bridge the gap between human and laboratory animal models in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Seyed
- Department of Immunotherapy and Leishmania Vaccine Research, Pasteur Institute of IranTehran, Iran
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16
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Abstract
String-of-beads polypeptides allow convenient delivery of epitope-based vaccines. The success of a polypeptide relies on efficient processing: constituent epitopes need to be recovered while avoiding neo-epitopes from epitope junctions. Spacers between epitopes are employed to ensure this, but spacer selection is non-trivial. We present a framework to determine optimally the length and sequence of a spacer through multi-objective optimization for human leukocyte antigen class I restricted polypeptides. The method yields string-of-bead vaccines with flexible spacer lengths that increase the predicted epitope recovery rate fivefold while reducing the immunogenicity from neo-epitopes by 44 % compared to designs without spacers.
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GHASEMI NEJAD ALMANI P, SHARIFI I, KAZEMI B, BABAEI Z, BANDEHPOUR M, SALARI S, SAEDI DEZAKI E. Designing and Cloning Molecular Constructs to Knock Out N-Acetylglucosamine Phosphatidylinositol De-N-Acetylase (GPI12) Gene in Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 11:448-462. [PMID: 28127356 PMCID: PMC5251173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis represents a major public health concern in tropical and sub-tropical countries. At present, there is no efficacious vaccine against the disease and new control methods are needed. One way to access this important goal is to knock out genes of specific macromolecules to evaluate the effect of deletion on the growth, multiplication, pathogenesis and immunity of the parasite. The aim of this study was to design and clone molecular constructs to knock out N-acetylglucosamine phosphatidylinositol de-N-acetylase (GPI12) gene in Leishmania major. METHODS For designing and making molecular constructs, we used pLEXSY-neo2 and pLEXSY-hyg2 vectors. The molecular constructs were cloned in E. coli strain Top10. The molecular constructs were transfected by electroporation into L. major in two stages. RESULTS The molecular constructs were confirmed by Colony PCR and sequencing. The recombinant strains were isolated by selective antibiotics, after which they were confirmed by PCR, Southern and Western blots. CONCLUSION Recombinant parasites were created and examined for subsequent study. With the use of molecular constructs, it was possible to remove and study gene GPI12 and to achieve a live recombinant Leishmania parasite that maintained the original form of the antigenic parasites. This achievement can be used as an experimental model for vaccine development studies. Further investigations are essential to check this model in a suitable host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iraj SHARIFI
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,Correspondence ,
| | - Bahram KAZEMI
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Biotechnology Dept., School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence ,
| | - Zahra BABAEI
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mojgan BANDEHPOUR
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Biotechnology Dept., School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira SALARI
- Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ebrahim SAEDI DEZAKI
- Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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18
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Khalili S, Rahbar MR, Dezfulian MH, Jahangiri A. In silico analyses of Wilms׳ tumor protein to designing a novel multi-epitope DNA vaccine against cancer. J Theor Biol 2015; 379:66-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Fatahaliha MH, Hosseini M, Rasolzadeh S, Bandi DS, Baradaran B, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi M. Analysis of human B cell response to recombinant Leishmania LPG3. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2015; 8:624-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Martins VT, Duarte MC, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Menezes-Souza D, Coelho CSP, de Magalhães-Soares DF, Fernandes AP, Soto M, Tavares CAP, Coelho EAF. A Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein expressed in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum employed for the serodiagnosis of, and as a vaccine candidate against, visceral leishmaniasis. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:363. [PMID: 26160291 PMCID: PMC4501199 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LiHyV is an antigenic hypothetical protein present in both promastigote and amastigote stages of Leishmania infantum, which was recently identified by an immunoproteomic approach. A recombinant version of this protein (rLiHyV) was evaluated as a diagnostic marker for canine VL (CVL). In addition, the prophylactic efficacy of the rLiHyV protein, and two of its CD8(+) T cell epitopes, has been analyzed in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). METHODS Initially, the rLiHyV protein was evaluated by an ELISA technique for the serodiagnosis of CVL. Secondly, vaccines composed of the recombinant protein and both chemically synthesized peptides, combined with saponin as an adjuvant; were administered subcutaneously into BALB/c mice. The cellular and humoral responses generated by vaccination were evaluated. In addition, the parasite burden and immune response were studied 10 weeks after L. infantum infection. RESULTS The rLiHyV protein was recognized by antibodies of VL dogs. No cross-reactivity was obtained with sera from dogs vaccinated with a Brazilian commercial vaccine, with sera from animals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis, or those from non-infected animals living in an endemic area for leishmaniasis. After challenge with L. infantum, spleen cells of BALB/c mice vaccinated with rLiHyV/saponin stimulated with parasite antigens showed a higher production of IFN-γ, IL-12 and GM-CSF, than the same cells obtained from mice vaccinated with the individual peptides, or mice from control (inoculated with saline or saponin) groups. This Th1-type cellular response observed in rLiHyV/saponin vaccinated mice was accompanied by the induction of parasite-specific IgG2a isotype antibodies. Animals immunized with rLiHyV/saponin showed significant reductions in the parasite burden in the liver, spleen, bone marrow and in the lymph nodes draining the paws relative to control mice. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed for the first time that the L. infantum LiHyV protein could be considered as a vaccine candidate against L. infantum infection, as well as a diagnostic marker for CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian T Martins
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Mariana C Duarte
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Menezes-Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | | | - Danielle F de Magalhães-Soares
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Manuel Soto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos A P Tavares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Biotecnologia Aplicada ao Estudo das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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RASOLZADEH S, HAJI FATAHALIHA M, HOSSEINI M, JAFARI R, MIAHIPOUR A, MOVASSAGHPOUR AA, BABALO Z, RAFATI S, YOUSEFI M. Recombinant LPG3 Stimulates IFN-Γ and TNF-A Secretion by Human NK Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 10:554-60. [PMID: 26811721 PMCID: PMC4724831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in early stages of innate immune responses against viral and tumoral attacks. Activation of NK cells by leishmaniasis results in secretion of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which enhances the phagocytosis and clearance of parasite. Lipophosphoglycan 3 (LPG3), the Leishmania homologous with GRP94 (glucose regulated protein 94), a member of HSP90 family, contributes to LPG assembly as the most abundant macromolecule on the surface of Leishmania promastigotes. METHODS We purified NK cells from healthy individuals (n=10) using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Purified NK cells were co-incubated with different concentrations of recombinant LPG3 (rLPG3), and its N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) fragments. Finally, the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by NK cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Recombinant LPG3 but not its fragments (CT and NT), can significantly enhance the production of TNF-α by NK cells (P<0.05). Moreover, rLPG3, CT, and NT fragments were markedly stimulated the secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The Leishmania LPG3 antigen can effectively activate NK cells, in vitro. Leishmania LPG3 participates in the innate immunity against leishmaniasis and thereby improves the effective parasite destruction. However, its efficiency should be tested in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz RASOLZADEH
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mostafa HAJI FATAHALIHA
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam HOSSEINI
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza JAFARI
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl MIAHIPOUR
- Dept. of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar MOVASSAGHPOUR
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh BABALO
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sima RAFATI
- Molecular Immunology and Vaccine Research Lab, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi YOUSEFI
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Dept. of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Correspondence:
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22
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Recombinant LPG3 Stimulates IFN-Γ and TNF-Α Secretion by Human NK Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2015; 10:457-64. [PMID: 26622301 PMCID: PMC4662746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in early stages of innate immune responses against viral and tumoral attacks. Activation of NK cells by leishmaniasis results in secretion of cytokines such as interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which enhance the phagocytosis and clearance of parasite. Lipophosphoglycan 3 (LPG3), the Leishmania homologous with GRP94 (glucose regulated protein 94), a member of HSP90 family, contributes to LPG assembly as the most abundant macromolecule on the surface of Leishmania promastigotes. METHODS We purified NK cells from healthy individuals (n=10) using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Purified NK cells were co-incubated with different concentrations of recombinant LPG3 (rLPG3), and its N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) fragments. Finally, the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by NK cells were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Recombinant LPG3 but not its fragments (CT and NT), could significantly enhance the production of TNF-α by NK cells (P<0.05). Moreover, rLPG3, CT, and NT fragments were markedly stimulated the secretion of IFN-γ by NK cells (P<0.001). CONCLUSION The Leishmania LPG3 antigen could effectively activate NK cells, in vitro. Leishmania LPG3 participates in the innate immunity against leishmaniasis and thereby improves the effective parasite destruction. However, its efficiency should be tested in vivo.
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