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Cytidine analogs are synthetic lethal with base excision repair default due to MBD4 deficiency. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:81. [PMID: 36323843 PMCID: PMC9630501 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivating mutations of MBD4 have been reported in subsets of various tumors. A deficiency of this DNA glycosylase, recognizing specifically T:G mismatch resulting from the deamination of methyl-cytosine, results in a hypermutated phenotype due to the accumulation of CpG>TpG transitions. Here, we hypothesize that the difference in DNA metabolism consecutive to MBD4 deficiency may result in specific cytotoxicities in MBD4-deficient tumor cells in a synthetic lethality fashion. After a large-scale drug repurposing screen, we show in two isogenic MBD4 knock-out cell models that the inactivation of MBD4 sensitizes cancer cells to cytidine analogs. We further confirm the exquisite activity of gemcitabine in an MBD4-deficient co-clinical model as (i) it completely prevented the development of an MBD4-deficient uveal melanoma patient-derived xenograft and (ii) treatment in the corresponding patient resulted in an exceptional tumor response. These data suggest that patients harboring MBD4-deficient tumors may be treated efficiently by cytidine analogs.
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Brown K, Oluwasanmi A, Hoskins C, Dennany L. Electrocatalytic enhancement of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ electrochemiluminescence for gemcitabine detection toward precision measurement via gold nanoparticle addition. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 146:108164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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3
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Mo G, Zhang B, Jiang Q. Role of ARK5 in cancer and other diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:697. [PMID: 33986861 PMCID: PMC8112134 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors are often exposed to hypoxic and glucose-starved microenvironments. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor that is stimulated during energy-deficient conditions and protects cells from hypoxic injury by regulating metabolism. AMPK-related protein kinase 5 (ARK5) is a member of the catalytic sub-unit of the AMPK family and has an important role in energy regulation and hypoxia. ARK5 is regulated by Akt and liver kinase B1 and is associated with numerous tumor-related molecules to exert the negative effects of tumors. Studies have revealed ARK5 overexpression in cases of tumor invasion and metastasis and a positive association with the degree of cancer cell malignancy, which is regarded as a key element in determining cancer prognosis. Furthermore, ARK5 downregulation improves drug sensitivity through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway, indicating that it may be a potential therapeutic target. In other non-cancer conditions, ARK5 has various roles in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease), renal disorders (diabetic nephropathy and renal fibrosis) and physiological processes (striated muscle generation). In the present review, the upstream and downstream molecular pathways of ARK5 in cancer and other diseases are described and potential therapeutic strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoheng Mo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Mary College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bohan Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qunguang Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Marmolejo-Martínez-Artesero S, Casas C, Romeo-Guitart D. Endogenous Mechanisms of Neuroprotection: To Boost or Not to Boost. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020370. [PMID: 33578870 PMCID: PMC7916582 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmitotic cells, like neurons, must live through a lifetime. For this reason, organisms/cells have evolved with self-repair mechanisms that allow them to have a long life. The discovery workflow of neuroprotectors during the last years has focused on blocking the pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to neuronal loss in neurodegeneration. Unfortunately, only a few strategies from these studies were able to slow down or prevent neurodegeneration. There is compelling evidence demonstrating that endorsing the self-healing mechanisms that organisms/cells endogenously have, commonly referred to as cellular resilience, can arm neurons and promote their self-healing. Although enhancing these mechanisms has not yet received sufficient attention, these pathways open up new therapeutic avenues to prevent neuronal death and ameliorate neurodegeneration. Here, we highlight the main endogenous mechanisms of protection and describe their role in promoting neuron survival during neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marmolejo-Martínez-Artesero
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Caty Casas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - David Romeo-Guitart
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Neurociències (INc), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
- Laboratory “Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development and Functions”—Team 8, Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM), INSERM U1151, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-01-40-61-53-57
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Tao J, Yang G, Zhou W, Qiu J, Chen G, Luo W, Zhao F, You L, Zheng L, Zhang T, Zhao Y. Targeting hypoxic tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:14. [PMID: 33436044 PMCID: PMC7805044 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Attributable to its late diagnosis, early metastasis, and poor prognosis, pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. Unlike other solid tumors, pancreatic cancer harbors ample stromal cells and abundant extracellular matrix but lacks vascularization, resulting in persistent and severe hypoxia within the tumor. Hypoxic microenvironment has extensive effects on biological behaviors or malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer, including metabolic reprogramming, cancer stemness, invasion and metastasis, and pathological angiogenesis, which synergistically contribute to development and therapeutic resistance of pancreatic cancer. Through various mechanisms including but not confined to maintenance of redox homeostasis, activation of autophagy, epigenetic regulation, and those induced by hypoxia-inducible factors, intratumoral hypoxia drives the above biological processes in pancreatic cancer. Recognizing the pivotal roles of hypoxia in pancreatic cancer progression and therapies, hypoxia-based antitumoral strategies have been continuously developed over the recent years, some of which have been applied in clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy and safety in combinatory therapies for patients with pancreatic cancer. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced aggressive and therapeutically resistant phenotypes in both pancreatic cancerous and stromal cells. Additionally, we focus more on innovative therapies targeting the tumor hypoxic microenvironment itself, which hold great potential to overcome the resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and to enhance antitumor efficacy and reduce toxicity to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenchuan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lei You
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lianfang Zheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China. .,Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Yupei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Beijing, 100730, China.
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6
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Romeo-Guitart D, Marcos-DeJuana C, Marmolejo-Martínez-Artesero S, Navarro X, Casas C. Novel neuroprotective therapy with NeuroHeal by autophagy induction for damaged neonatal motoneurons. Theranostics 2020; 10:5154-5168. [PMID: 32308774 PMCID: PMC7163445 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Protective mechanisms allow healthy neurons to cope with diverse stresses. Excessive damage as well as aging can lead to defective functioning of these mechanisms. We recently designed NeuroHeal using artificial intelligence with the goal of bolstering endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms. Understanding the key nodes involved in neuroprotection will allow us to identify even more effective strategies for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Methods: We used a model of peripheral nerve axotomy in rat pups, that induces retrograde apoptotic death of motoneurons. Nourishing mothers received treatment with vehicle, NeuroHeal or NeuroHeal plus nicotinamide, an inhibitor of sirtuins, and analysis of the pups were performed by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and immunoblotting. In vitro, the post-translational status of proteins of interest was detailed using organotypic spinal cord cultures and genetic modifications in cell lines to unravel the neuroprotective mechanisms involved. Results: We found that the concomitant activation of the NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway converge to increase the presence of deacetylated and phosphorylated FOXO3a, a transcription factor, in the nucleus. This favors the activation of autophagy, a pro-survival process, and prevents pro-apoptotic PARP1/2 cleavage. Major conclusion: NeuroHeal is a neuroprotective agent for neonatal motoneurons that fine-tunes autophagy on by converging SIRT1/AKT/FOXO3a axis. NeuroHeal is a combo of repurposed drugs that allow its readiness for prospective pediatric use.
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Dubois F, Keller M, Hoflack J, Maille E, Antoine M, Westeel V, Bergot E, Quoix E, Lavolé A, Bigay-Game L, Pujol JL, Langlais A, Morin F, Zalcman G, Levallet G. Role of the YAP-1 Transcriptional Target cIAP2 in the Differential Susceptibility to Chemotherapy of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients with Tumor RASSF1A Gene Methylation from the Phase 3 IFCT-0002 Trial. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121835. [PMID: 31766357 PMCID: PMC6966477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RASSF1 gene methylation predicts longer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer treated using paclitaxel-based neo-adjuvant chemotherapy compared to patients receiving a gemcitabine-based regimen, according to the randomized Phase 3 IFCT (Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique)-0002 trial. To better understand these results, this study used four human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC) models (HBEC-3, HBEC-3-RasV12, A549, and H1299) and modulated the expression of RASSF1A or YAP-1. Wound-healing, invasion, proliferation and apoptosis assays were then carried out and the expression of YAP-1 transcriptional targets was quantified using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This study reports herein that gemcitabine synergizes with RASSF1A, silencing to increase the IAP-2 expression, which in turn not only interferes with cell proliferation but also promotes cell migration. This contributes to the aggressive behavior of RASSF1A-depleted cells, as confirmed by a combined knockdown of IAP-2 and RASSF1A. Conversely, paclitaxel does not increase the IAP-2 expression but limits the invasiveness of RASSF1A-depleted cells, presumably by rescuing microtubule stabilization. Overall, these data provide a functional insight that supports the prognostic value of RASSF1 gene methylation on survival of early-stage lung cancer patients receiving perioperative paclitaxel-based treatment compared to gemcitabine-based treatment, identifying IAP-2 as a novel biomarker indicative of YAP-1-mediated modulation of chemo-sensitivity in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatéméh Dubois
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Maureen Keller
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA2608, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Julien Hoflack
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, UPRES-EA2608, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Elodie Maille
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, INSERM UMR 1086 ANTICIPE, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Martine Antoine
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Tenon, AP-HP, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Virginie Westeel
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital of Besançon, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pulmonology & Thoracic Oncology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
| | - Elisabeth Quoix
- Department of Pneumology, University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Armelle Lavolé
- Sorbonne Université, GRC n 04, Theranoscan, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie, Hôpital Tenon, 75020 Paris, France;
| | - Laurence Bigay-Game
- Pneumology Department, Toulouse-Purpan, University Hospital Toulouse, 31300 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Pujol
- Département d’Oncologie Thoracique, CHU Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, 34595 Montpellier, France;
| | - Alexandra Langlais
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (IFCT), 75009 Paris, France; (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Franck Morin
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (IFCT), 75009 Paris, France; (A.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- U830 INSERM “Genetics and Biology of Cancers, A.R.T Group”, Curie Institute, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Thoracic Oncology & CIC1425, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Diderot, 75018 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)140-257-502 (G.Z.); +33-(0)231-063-134 (G.L.)
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, 14074 Caen, France; (F.D.); (M.K.); (E.M.); (E.B.)
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Caen, 14033 Caen, France
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (G.L.); Tel.: +33-(0)140-257-502 (G.Z.); +33-(0)231-063-134 (G.L.)
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Phosphorylation of ULK1 affects autophagosome fusion and links chaperone-mediated autophagy to macroautophagy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3492. [PMID: 30154410 PMCID: PMC6113293 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) complex plays a central role in the initiation stage of autophagy. However, the function of ULK1 in the late stage of autophagy is unknown. Here, we report that ULK1, a central kinase of the ULK1 complex involved in autophagy initiation, promotes autophagosome–lysosome fusion. PKCα phosphorylates ULK1 and prevents autolysosome formation. PKCα phosphorylation of ULK1 does not change its kinase activity; however, it decreases autophagosome–lysosome fusion by reducing the affinity of ULK1 for syntaxin 17 (STX17). Unphosphorylated ULK1 recruited STX17 and increased STX17′s affinity towards synaptosomal-associated protein 29 (SNAP29). Additionally, phosphorylation of ULK1 enhances its interaction with heat shock cognate 70 kDa protein (HSC70) and increases its degradation through chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Our study unearths a key mechanism underlying autolysosome formation, a process in which the kinase activity of PKCα plays an instrumental role, and reveals the significance of the mutual regulation of macroautophagy and CMA in maintaining the balance of autophagy. The ULK complex plays a well-known role in initiating autophagy, to recycle cellular components in response to nutritional stress. Here, the authors demonstrate a late role for ULK in auotophagosome–lysosome fusion and provide a direct link between macroautophagy and chaperone mediated autophagy.
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Activation of a c-Jun N-terminal kinase-mediated autophagy pathway attenuates the anticancer activity of gemcitabine in human bladder cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:596-602. [PMID: 28430744 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of autophagy in the anticancer activity of gemcitabine (GEM) in bladder cancer is unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether GEM activates autophagy, the role of autophagy in the anticancer activity of GEM, and the underlying mechanism by which GEM induces autophagy. Human bladder cancer cell lines T24 and BIU87 were treated with GEM in vitro. Cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V assay and western blot. Autophagy was measured by western blot and transmission electron microscopy. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation was detected by western blot. Chemical inhibitors were used for intervention of JNK and autophagy. GEM killed bladder cancer cells, which was associated with apoptosis induction. Autophagy was effectively activated by GEM. Suppressing autophagy in GEM-treated cells significantly decreased cell viability, which was associated with increased apoptosis. GEM-induced JNK activation and suppressed B-cell lymphoma 2 expression. The JNK inhibitor SP600125 inhibited GEM-induced autophagy activation and increased GEM's cytotoxicity. GEM kills bladder cancer cells through apoptosis. Meanwhile, JNK-mediated autophagy was activated, which protects the cells against apoptosis. Therefore, inhibition of autophagy could be exploited to enhance the anticancer efficacy of GEM for treating bladder cancer.
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10
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Totti S, Vernardis SI, Meira L, Pérez-Mancera PA, Costello E, Greenhalf W, Palmer D, Neoptolemos J, Mantalaris A, Velliou EG. Designing a bio-inspired biomimetic in vitro system for the optimization of ex vivo studies of pancreatic cancer. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:690-701. [PMID: 28153670 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal human malignancies. Drug therapies and radiotherapy are used for treatment as adjuvants to surgery, but outcomes remain disappointing. Advances in tissue engineering suggest that 3D cultures can reflect the in vivo tumor microenvironment and can guarantee a physiological distribution of oxygen, nutrients, and drugs, making them promising low-cost tools for therapy development. Here, we review crucial structural and environmental elements that should be considered for an accurate design of an ex vivo platform for studies of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we propose environmental stress response biomarkers as platform readouts for the efficient control and further prediction of the pancreatic cancer response to the environmental and treatment input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Totti
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Spyros I Vernardis
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Lisiane Meira
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Pedro A Pérez-Mancera
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Eithne Costello
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - William Greenhalf
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Daniel Palmer
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - John Neoptolemos
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK; NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool,Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Biological Systems Engineering Laboratory (BSEL), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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11
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The Role of BRCA2 Mutation Status as Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognosis Biomarker for Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:1869304. [PMID: 28078281 PMCID: PMC5203890 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1869304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and life expectancy after diagnosis is often short. Most pancreatic tumours appear sporadically and have been highly related to habits such as cigarette smoking, high alcohol intake, high carbohydrate, and sugar consumption. Other observational studies have suggested the association between pancreatic cancer and exposure to arsenic, lead, or cadmium. Aside from these factors, chronic pancreatitis and diabetes have also come to be considered as risk factors for these kinds of tumours. Studies have found that 10% of pancreatic cancer cases arise from an inherited syndrome related to some genetic alterations. One of these alterations includes mutation in BRCA2 gene. BRCA2 mutations impair DNA damage response and homologous recombination by direct regulation of RAD51. In light of these findings that link genetic factors to tumour development, DNA damage agents have been proposed as target therapies for pancreatic cancer patients carrying BRCA2 mutations. Some of these drugs include platinum-based agents and PARP inhibitors. However, the acquired resistance to PARP inhibitors has created a need for new chemotherapeutic strategies to target BRCA2. The present systematic review collects and analyses the role of BRCA2 alterations to be used in early diagnosis of an inherited syndrome associated with familiar cancer and as a prognostic and predictive biomarker for the management of pancreatic cancer patients.
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12
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Wang Y, Kuramitsu Y, Baron B, Kitagawa T, Tokuda K, Akada J, Maehara SI, Maehara Y, Nakamura K. PI3K inhibitor LY294002, as opposed to wortmannin, enhances AKT phosphorylation in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:606-612. [PMID: 28000865 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
LY294002 and wortmannin are chemical compounds that act as potent inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). Both of them are generally used to inhibit cell proliferation as cancer treatment by inhibiting the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. In this study, LY294002 (but not wortmannin) showed an abnormal ability to enhance AKT phosphorylation (at Ser472) specifically in gemcitabine (GEM)-resistant pancreatic cancer (PC) cell lines PK59 and KLM1-R. LY294002 was shown to activate AKT and accumulate phospho-AKT at the intracellular membrane in PK59, which was abolished by treatment with AKTi-1/2 or wortmannin. Inhibiting AKT phosphorylation by treatment with AKTi-1/2 or wortmannin further enhanced LY294002-induced cell death in PK59 and KLM1-R cells. In addition, treatment with wortmannin alone failed to inhibit cell proliferation in both PK59 and KLM1-R cells. Thus, our results reveal that LY294002 displays the opposite effect on PI3K-dependent AKT phosphorylation, which maintains cell survival from the cytotoxicity introduced by LY294002 itself in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. We suggest that targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway with inhibitors may be counterproductive for patients with PC who have acquired GEM-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Republic of Malta
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Wang Y, Kuramitsu Y, Baron B, Kitagawa T, Tokuda K, Akada J, Nakamura K. CGK733-induced LC3 II formation is positively associated with the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Waf1/Cip1 through modulation of the AMPK and PERK/CHOP signaling pathways. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39692-701. [PMID: 26486079 PMCID: PMC4741855 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3)-II is essential for autophagosome formation and is widely used to monitor autophagic activity. We show that CGK733 induces LC3 II and LC3-puncta accumulation, which are not involved in the activation of autophagy. The treatment of CGK733 did not alter the autophagic flux and was unrelated to p62 degradation. Treatment with CGK733 activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (PERK/CHOP) pathways and elevated the expression of p21Waf1/Cip1. Inhibition of both AMPK and PERK/CHOP pathways by siRNA or chemical inhibitor could block CGK733-induced p21Waf1/Cip1 expression as well as caspase-3 cleavage. Knockdown of LC3 B (but not LC3 A) abolished CGK733-triggered LC3 II accumulation and consequently diminished AMPK and PERK/CHOP activity as well as p21Waf1/Cip1 expression. Our results demonstrate that CGK733-triggered LC3 II formation is an initial event upstream of the AMPK and PERK/CHOP pathways, both of which control p21Waf1/Cip1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Centre of Clinical Laboratories in Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Japan
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14
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Wang DW, Peng ZJ, Ren GF, Wang GX. The different roles of selective autophagic protein degradation in mammalian cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:37098-116. [PMID: 26415220 PMCID: PMC4741918 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular pathway for bulk protein degradation and the removal of damaged organelles by lysosomes. Autophagy was previously thought to be unselective; however, studies have increasingly confirmed that autophagy-mediated protein degradation is highly regulated. Abnormal autophagic protein degradation has been associated with multiple human diseases such as cancer, neurological disability and cardiovascular disease; therefore, further elucidation of protein degradation by autophagy may be beneficial for protein-based clinical therapies. Macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) can both participate in selective protein degradation in mammalian cells, but the process is quite different in each case. Here, we summarize the various types of macroautophagy and CMA involved in determining protein degradation. For this summary, we divide the autophagic protein degradation pathways into four categories: the post-translational modification dependent and independent CMA pathways and the ubiquitin dependent and independent macroautophagy pathways, and describe how some non-canonical pathways and modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation and arginylation can influence protein degradation by the autophagy lysosome system (ALS). Finally, we comment on why autophagy can serve as either diagnostics or therapeutic targets in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen-ju Peng
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-fang Ren
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guang-xin Wang
- Medical Institute of Paediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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15
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Wang Y, Kuramitsu Y, Baron B, Kitagawa T, Akada J, Tokuda K, Cui D, Nakamura K. PERK/CHOP contributes to the CGK733-induced vesicular calcium sequestration which is accompanied by non-apoptotic cell death. Oncotarget 2016; 6:25252-65. [PMID: 26259235 PMCID: PMC4694829 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are indispensable for the physiology of organisms and the molecular regulation of cells. We observed that CGK733, a synthetic chemical substance, induced non-apoptotic cell death and stimulated reversible calcium sequestration by vesicles in pancreatic cancer cells. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3/C/EBP homologous protein (PERK/CHOP) signaling pathway was shown to be activated by treatment with CGK733. Ionomycin, an ER stress drug and calcium ionophore, can activate PERK/CHOP signaling and accelerate CGK733-induced calcium sequestration. Knockdown of CHOP diminished CGK733-induced vesicular calcium sequestration, but had no effects on the cell death. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that the ER-located calcium-binding proteins, calumenin and protein S100-A11, were altered in CGK733-treated cells compared to non-treated controls. Our study reveals that CGK733-induced intracellular calcium sequestration is correlated with the PERK/CHOP signaling pathway and may also be involved in the dysregulations of calcium-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Byron Baron
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Takao Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Junko Akada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tokuda
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Pathology, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Yamguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.,Centre of Clinical Laboratories in Tokuyama Medical Association Hospital, Shunan, Japan
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16
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Luo G, Lu Y, Jin K, Cheng H, Guo M, Liu Z, Long J, Liu C, Ni Q, Yu X. Pancreatic cancer: BRCA mutation and personalized treatment. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:1223-31. [PMID: 26402249 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1086271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The highly heterozygous nature of pancreatic cancer is partially responsible for its therapeutic ineffectiveness and resistance. Therefore, the ability to identify subgroups of pancreatic cancer with unique biological characteristics and treatment response is urgently needed. In addition to breast and ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer is the third most common cancer type that is related to the early onset (BRCA) gene mutation in breast cancer. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that BRCA1/2-mutant breast and ovarian cancers are highly sensitive to DNA damage-related treatment, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) and platinum-based agents. Preliminary evidence also showed promising results for DNA damage-related treatment in BRCA1/2-mutant pancreatic cancer. Importantly, several prospective clinical trials of PARPi-based regimens are underway for BRCA1/2-mutated pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer with a BRCA1/2 mutation is a small subgroup with a promising therapeutic strategy.
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