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Micewicz ED, Nguyen C, Micewicz A, Waring AJ, McBride WH, Ruchala P. Position of lipidation influences anticancer activity of Smac analogs. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1628-1635. [PMID: 31047753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A small group of lipid-conjugated Smac mimetics was synthesized to probe the influence of the position of lipidation on overall anti-cancer activity. Specifically, new compounds were modified with lipid(s) in position 3 and C-terminus. Previously described position 2 lipidated analog M11 was also synthesized. The resulting mini library of Smacs lipidated in positions 2, 3 and C-terminus was screened extensively in vitro against a total number of 50 diverse cancer cell lines revealing that both the position of lipidation as well as the type of lipid, influence their anti-cancer activity and cancer type specificity. Moreover, when used in combination therapy with inhibitor of menin-MLL1 protein interactions, position 2 modified analog SM2 showed strong synergistic anti-cancer properties. The most promising lipid-conjugated analogs SM2 and SM6, showed favorable pharmacokinetics and in vivo activity while administered subcutaneously in the preclinical mouse model. Collectively, our findings suggest that lipid modification of Smacs may be a viable approach in the development of anti-cancer therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christine Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alina Micewicz
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Volunteering Program, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alan J Waring
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Rehfeld JF. The long goodbye to glycine-extended peptide hormones. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINE ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/ije-2017-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Stone TA, Deber CM. Therapeutic design of peptide modulators of protein-protein interactions in membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1859:577-585. [PMID: 27580024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins play the central roles in a variety of cellular processes, ranging from nutrient uptake and signalling, to cell-cell communication. Their biological functions are directly related to how they fold and assemble; defects often lead to disease. Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) within the membrane are therefore of great interest as therapeutic targets. Here we review the progress in the application of membrane-insertable peptides for the disruption or stabilization of membrane-based PPIs. We describe the design and preparation of transmembrane peptide mimics; and of several categories of peptidomimetics used for study, including d-enantiomers, non-natural amino acids, peptoids, and β-peptides. Further aspects of the review describe modifications to membrane-insertable peptides, including lipidation and cyclization via hydrocarbon stapling. These approaches provide a pathway toward the development of metabolically stable, non-toxic, and efficacious peptide modulators of membrane-based PPIs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipid order/lipid defects and lipid-control of protein activity edited by Dirk Schneider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Stone
- Division of Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles M Deber
- Division of Molecular Structure & Function, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto M5G 0A4, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada.
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Chua K, Fung E, Micewicz ED, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Ruchala P. Small cyclic agonists of iron regulatory hormone hepcidin. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4961-4969. [PMID: 25813158 PMCID: PMC4567957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Minihepcidins are in vitro and in vivo active mimetics of iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. They contain various unusual amino acids including: N-substituted, β-homo-, and d-amino acids with their combination depending on particular minihepcidin. In the current study, we sought to limit the use of unusual/more expensive amino acids derivatives by peptide cyclization. Novel cyclic mimetics of hepcidin were synthesized and tested in vitro and showed activity at low nanomolar concentration. Nonetheless, the most active cyclic compound (mHS17) is approximately ten times less active than the parental minihepcidin PR73. Collectively, our findings suggest that cyclization is viable approach in the synthesis of hepcidin mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Chua
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eileen Fung
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ewa D Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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5
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Micewicz ED, Ratikan JA, Waring AJ, Whitelegge JP, McBride WH, Ruchala P. Lipid-conjugated Smac analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4419-27. [PMID: 26384289 PMCID: PMC4592835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A small library of monovalent and bivalent Smac mimics was synthesized based on 2 types of monomers, with general structure NMeAla-Xaa-Pro-BHA (Xaa=Cys or Lys). Position 2 of the compounds was utilized to dimerize both types of monomers employing various bis-reactive linkers, as well as to modify selected compounds with lipids. The resulting library was screened in vitro against metastatic human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and the two most active compounds selected for in vivo studies. The most active lipid-conjugated analogue M11, showed in vivo activity while administered both subcutaneously and orally. Collectively, our findings suggest that lipidation may be a viable approach in the development of new Smac-based therapeutic leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa D Micewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Josephine A Ratikan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alan J Waring
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, 1001 Health Sciences Road, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Julian P Whitelegge
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Piotr Ruchala
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; The Pasarow Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, The Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Abstract
A small library of truncated/lipid-conjugated neuromedin U (NmU) analogs was synthesized and tested in vitro using an intracellular calcium signaling assay. The selected, most active analogs were then tested in vivo, and showed potent anorexigenic effects in a diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. The most promising compound, NM4-C16 was effective in a once-weekly-dose regimen. Collectively, our findings suggest that short, lipidated analogs of NmU are suitable leads for the development of novel anti-obesity therapeutics.
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