Separate introns gained within short and long soluble peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein genes during radiation of Symbiodinium (Dinophyceae) clade A and B lineages

Circadian and irradiance effects on expression of antenna protein genes and pigment contents in dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense (Dinophycae)

PCP and acpPC are the two major antennae proteins that bind pigments in peridinin-containing dinoflagellates. The relationship between antennae proteins and cellular pigments at molecular level is still poorly understood. Here we identified and characterized the two antennae protein genes in dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense under different light conditions. The mature PCP protein was 32 kDa, while acpPC was a polyprotein each of 19 kDa. Both genes showed higher expression under low light than under high light, suggesting their possible role in a low light adaptation mechanism. The two genes showed differential diel expression rhythm, with PCP being more highly expressed in the dark than in the light period and acpPC the other way around. HPLC analysis of cellular pigments indicated a diel change of chlorophyll c2, but invariability of other pigments. A stable peridinin: chlorophyll a pigment ratio was detected under different light intensities and over the diel cycle, although the diadinoxanthin:chlorophyll a ratio increased significantly with light intensity. The results suggest that 1) PCP and acpPC genes are functionally distinct, 2) PCP and acpPC can function under low light as an adaptive mechanism in P. donghaiense, 3). the ratios of diadinoxanthin:chlorophyll a and peridinin: chlorophyll a can potentially be used as an indicator of algal photophysiological status and a pigment signature respectively under different light conditions in P. donghaiense.