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Panza S, Malivindi R, Caruso A, Russo U, Giordano F, Győrffy B, Gelsomino L, De Amicis F, Barone I, Conforti FL, Giordano C, Bonofiglio D, Catalano S, Andò S. Novel Insights into the Antagonistic Effects of Losartan against Angiotensin II/AGTR1 Signaling in Glioblastoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184555. [PMID: 34572782 PMCID: PMC8469998 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) such as glioblastoma (GBM) who undergo surgical resection with adjuvant therapy have a mean overall survival of 14.6 months and 100% of recurrence. Thus, these disappointing outcomes in terms of glioblastoma life expectancy require seeking novel pharmacological tools, including drug repurposing. In the present study, we identify a novel molecular mechanism through which Losartan antagonizes Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) signaling, overexpressed in GBM cells. For instance, we demonstrate how Losartan drastically inhibits the stimulatory effects of Ang II on aromatase activity and consequently reduces local estrogen production, sustaining cancer progression. Thus, it is reasonable to repurpose Losartan as an adjuvant pharmacological tool to be implemented prospectively in the novel therapeutic strategies adopted in GBM patients. Abstract New avenues for glioblastoma therapy are required due to the limited mortality benefit of the current treatments. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exhibits local actions and works as a paracrine system in different tissues and tumors, including glioma. The glioblastoma cell lines U-87 MG and T98G overexpresses Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin II type I receptor (AGTR1) signaling, which enhances in vitro and in vivo local estrogen production through a direct up-regulation of the aromatase gene promoters p I.f and p I.4. In addition, Ang II/AGTR1 signaling transactivates estrogen receptor-α in a ligand-independent manner through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. The higher aromatase mRNA expression in patients with glioblastoma was associated with the worst survival prognostic, according to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). An intrinsic immunosuppressive glioblastoma tumor milieu has been previously documented. We demonstrate how Ang II treatment in glioblastoma cells increases programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression reversed by combined exposure to Losartan (LOS) in vitro and in vivo. Our findings highlight how LOS, in addition, antagonizes the previously documented neoangiogenetic, profibrotic, and immunosuppressive effects of Ang II and drastically inhibits its stimulatory effects on local estrogen production, sustaining glioblastoma cell growth. Thus, Losartan may represent an adjuvant pharmacological tool to be repurposed prospectively for glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Panza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Rocco Malivindi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Amanda Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Umberto Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary;
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Luca Gelsomino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Francesca Luisa Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy; (S.P.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (U.R.); (F.G.); (L.G.); (F.D.A.); (I.B.); (F.L.C.); (C.G.); (D.B.); (S.C.)
- Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-496201; Fax: +39-0984-496203
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Yang J, Yang X, Gao L, Zhang J, Yi C, Huang Y. The role of the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in malignancy: a review. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:884-897. [PMID: 33791161 PMCID: PMC7994166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most prevalent diseases in cardiology. The angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)/angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are widely used drugs to stabilize the blood pressure via inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Studies have found that the exposure to RAS inhibitors (RASi) can suppress the development of cancers via multimodal mechanisms and has attracted increased attentions in the recent past. Owing the potential of RASi to inhibit tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis, they are considered as the potential and exciting candidates to enhance the effect of chemo-radiotherapy and targeted therapy efficacy. However, there are conflicting reports as to the use of ARB/ACEI in all facets of tumor growth. In this study, we comprehensively summarize and review the potential mechanisms of RASi in cancer treatment, like inhibition of tumor angiogenesis, reduction of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM), regulation of immune cells and improvement of hypoxia. Additionally, based on the basic and clinical experiments, we analyze the views and results regarding the role of RASi plays in tumor from genesis to recurrence, and certainly cancer treatment (chemo-radiotherapy and targeted therapy). In the last, not only do we discuss the prospects of using RASi to enhance cancer treatment efficacy but also point out the conflicting situation with the intention to give some directions and inspiration on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Yang
- West China School of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Lab of Experimental Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Huang
- West China School of Basic Medical Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
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Renin-Angiotensin System in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1277:105-114. [PMID: 33119868 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For enhancing the antitumor effects of current immunotherapies including immune-checkpoint blockade, it is important to reverse cancer-induced immunosuppression. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) controls systemic body fluid circulation; however, the presence of a local RAS in tumors has been reported. Furthermore, the local RAS in tumors influences various immune and interstitial cells and affects tumor immune response. RAS stimulation through the angiotensin II type 1 receptor has been reported to inhibit tumor immune response. Therefore, RAS inhibitors and combined treatment with immunotherapy are expected in the future. In this chapter, we provide a background on the RAS and describe the tumor environment with regard to the RAS and tumor immune response.
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Mallavarapu T, Hao J, Kim Y, Oh JH, Kang M. Pathway-based deep clustering for molecular subtyping of cancer. Methods 2019; 173:24-31. [PMID: 31247294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic disease comprising multiple subtypes that have distinct molecular characteristics and clinical features. Cancer subtyping helps in improving personalized treatment and making decision, as different cancer subtypes respond differently to the treatment. The increasing availability of cancer related genomic data provides the opportunity to identify molecular subtypes. Several unsupervised machine learning techniques have been applied on molecular data of the tumor samples to identify cancer subtypes that are genetically and clinically distinct. However, most clustering methods often fail to efficiently cluster patients due to the challenges imposed by high-throughput genomic data and its non-linearity. In this paper, we propose a pathway-based deep clustering method (PACL) for molecular subtyping of cancer, which incorporates gene expression and biological pathway database to group patients into cancer subtypes. The main contribution of our model is to discover high-level representations of biological data by learning complex hierarchical and nonlinear effects of pathways. We compared the performance of our model with a number of benchmark clustering methods that recently have been proposed in cancer subtypes. We assessed the hypothesis that clusters (subtypes) may be associated to different survivals by logrank tests. PACL showed the lowest p-value of the logrank test against the benchmark methods. It demonstrates the patient groups clustered by PACL may correspond to subtypes which are significantly associated with distinct survival distributions. Moreover, PACL provides a solution to comprehensively identify subtypes and interpret the model in the biological pathway level. The open-source software of PACL in PyTorch is publicly available at https://github.com/tmallava/PACL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Hao
- Analytics and Data Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, USA.
| | - Youngsoon Kim
- Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, USA.
| | - Jung Hun Oh
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
| | - Mingon Kang
- Analytics and Data Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, USA; Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, USA.
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Pinter M, Jain RK. Targeting the renin-angiotensin system to improve cancer treatment: Implications for immunotherapy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/410/eaan5616. [PMID: 28978752 PMCID: PMC5928511 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan5616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors (RASi)-widely prescribed for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases-have considerable potential in oncology. The RAS plays a crucial role in cancer biology and affects tumor growth and dissemination directly and indirectly by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. We review clinical data on the benefit of RASi in primary and metastatic tumors and propose that, by activating immunostimulatory pathways, these inhibitors can enhance immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Pinter
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, A-1090, Austria
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Chaudhary M, Chaudhary S. Unravelling the Lesser Known Facets of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 19:1. [PMID: 28083801 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension is an important risk factor in various pathologies. Despite enormous advancements in health sciences, the number of hypertensive individuals is increasing worldwide. The complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors seems to be a promising pathway to exploring the pathophysiology of hypertension. RECENT FINDINGS Various single gene and genome wide association studies have generated huge but non-reproducible data that highlights the role of some additional but as yet unidentified factor(s) in disease outcome. Dietary pattern and epigenetic mechanism (mainly DNA methylation) have shown a profound effect on blood pressure regulation. Angiotensin II and its receptors are known to play an important role in maintaining blood pressure; hence, a larger section of antihypertensive drugs targets the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), besides maintaining blood pressure, also has a role in cancer progression. Besides other pathways, RAS still remains the main player in blood pressure regulation. Additionally, AT1R has recently emerged as a molecule with diverse roles ranging from physiologic to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Shashi Chaudhary
- Department cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research (NCHGSR), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India.
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Renin angiotensin system and its role in biomarkers and treatment in gliomas. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:1-15. [PMID: 29450812 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary intrinsic tumor in the brain and are classified as low- or high-grade according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) who undergo surgical resection with adjuvant therapy have a mean overall survival of 15 months and 100% recurrence. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the primary regulator of cardiovascular circulation, exhibits local action and works as a paracrine system. In the context of this local regulation, the expression of RAS peptides and receptors has been detected in different kinds of tumors, including gliomas. The dysregulation of RAS components plays a significant role in the proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion of these tumors, and therefore in their outcomes. The study and potential application of RAS peptides and receptors as biomarkers in gliomas could bring advantages against the limitations of current tumoral markers and should be considered in the future. The targeting of RAS components by RAS blockers has shown potential of being protective against cancer and improving immunotherapy. In gliomas, RAS blockers have shown a broad spectrum for beneficial effects and are being considered for use in treatment protocols. This review aims to summarize the background behind how RAS plays a role in gliomagenesis and explore the evidence that could lead to their use as biomarkers and treatment adjuvants.
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Connolly NP, Shetty AC, Stokum JA, Hoeschele I, Siegel MB, Miller CR, Kim AJ, Ho CY, Davila E, Simard JM, Devine SE, Rossmeisl JH, Holland EC, Winkles JA, Woodworth GF. Cross-species transcriptional analysis reveals conserved and host-specific neoplastic processes in mammalian glioma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1180. [PMID: 29352201 PMCID: PMC5775420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a unique neoplastic disease that develops exclusively in the central nervous system (CNS) and rarely metastasizes to other tissues. This feature strongly implicates the tumor-host CNS microenvironment in gliomagenesis and tumor progression. We investigated the differences and similarities in glioma biology as conveyed by transcriptomic patterns across four mammalian hosts: rats, mice, dogs, and humans. Given the inherent intra-tumoral molecular heterogeneity of human glioma, we focused this study on tumors with upregulation of the platelet-derived growth factor signaling axis, a common and early alteration in human gliomagenesis. The results reveal core neoplastic alterations in mammalian glioma, as well as unique contributions of the tumor host to neoplastic processes. Notable differences were observed in gene expression patterns as well as related biological pathways and cell populations known to mediate key elements of glioma biology, including angiogenesis, immune evasion, and brain invasion. These data provide new insights regarding mammalian models of human glioma, and how these insights and models relate to our current understanding of the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina P Connolly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesse A Stokum
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ina Hoeschele
- Virginia Bioinformatics Institute and Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Marni B Siegel
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Pharmacology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eduardo Davila
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott E Devine
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John H Rossmeisl
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Wake Forest University Baptist Health Comprehensive Cancer Center, Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Winkles
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Graeme F Woodworth
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. .,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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da Fonseca CO, Khandelia H, Salazar MD, Schönthal AH, Meireles OC, Quirico-Santos T. Perillyl alcohol: Dynamic interactions with the lipid bilayer and implications for long-term inhalational chemotherapy for gliomas. Surg Neurol Int 2016; 7:1. [PMID: 26862440 PMCID: PMC4722523 DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.173301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Gliomas display a high degree of intratumor heterogeneity, including changes in physiological parameters and lipid composition of the plasma membrane, which may contribute to the development of drug resistance. Biophysical interactions between therapeutic agents and the lipid components at the outer plasma membrane interface are critical for effective drug uptake. Amphipathic molecules such as perillyl alcohol (POH) have a high partition coefficient and generally lead to altered lipid acyl tail dynamics near the lipid-water interface, impacting the lipid bilayer structure and transport dynamics. We therefore hypothesized that glioma cells may display enhanced sensitivity to POH-induced apoptosis due to plasma membrane alterations, while in non-transformed cells, POH may be expelled through thermal agitation. Methods: Interactions between POH and the plasma membrane was studied using molecular dynamics simulations. In this phase I/II trial, we set up to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of long-term (up to 5 years) daily intranasal administration of POH in a cohort of 19 patients with low-grade glioma (LGG). Importantly, in a series of clinical studies previously published by our group, we have successfully established that intranasal delivery of POH to patients with malignant gliomas is a viable and effective therapeutic strategy. Results: POH altered the plasma membrane potential of the lipid bilayer of gliomas and prolonged intranasal administration of POH in a cohort of patients with LGG halted disease progression with virtually no toxicity. Conclusion: Altogether, the results suggest that POH-induced alterations of the plasma membrane might be contributing to its therapeutic efficacy in preventing LGG progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clovis Orlando da Fonseca
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Antonio Pedro University Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Himanshu Khandelia
- Memphys-Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Axel H Schönthal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Osório C Meireles
- Retired Professor from the Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza Quirico-Santos
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Iser I, de Campos R, Bertoni A, Wink M. Identification of valid endogenous control genes for determining gene expression in C6 glioma cell line treated with conditioned medium from adipose-derived stem cell. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 75:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Rolón-Reyes K, Kucheryavykh YV, Cubano LA, Inyushin M, Skatchkov SN, Eaton MJ, Harrison JK, Kucheryavykh LY. Microglia Activate Migration of Glioma Cells through a Pyk2 Intracellular Pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131059. [PMID: 26098895 PMCID: PMC4476590 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive and fatal brain cancers due to the highly invasive nature of glioma cells. Microglia infiltrate most glioma tumors and, therefore, make up an important component of the glioma microenvironment. In the tumor environment, microglia release factors that lead to the degradation of the extracellular matrix and stimulate signaling pathways to promote glioma cell invasion. In the present study, we demonstrated that microglia can promote glioma migration through a mechanism independent of extracellular matrix degradation. Using western blot analysis, we found upregulation of proline rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) protein phosphorylated at Tyr579/580 in glioma cells treated with microglia conditioned medium. This upregulation occurred in rodent C6 and GL261 as well as in human glioma cell lines with varying levels of invasiveness (U-87MG, A172, and HS683). siRNA knock-down of Pyk2 protein and pharmacological blockade by the Pyk2/focal-adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitor PF-562,271 reversed the stimulatory effect of microglia on glioma migration in all cell lines. A lower concentration of PF-562,271 that selectively inhibits FAK, but not Pyk2, did not have any effect on glioma cell migration. Moreover, with the use of the CD11b-HSVTK microglia ablation mouse model we demonstrated that elimination of microglia in the implanted tumors (GL261 glioma cells were used for brain implantation) by the local in-tumor administration of Ganciclovir, significantly reduced the phosphorylation of Pyk2 at Tyr579/580 in implanted tumor cells. Taken together, these data indicate that microglial cells activate glioma cell migration/dispersal through the pro-migratory Pyk2 signaling pathway in glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberleve Rolón-Reyes
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Yuriy V. Kucheryavykh
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Luis A. Cubano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Inyushin
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Serguei N. Skatchkov
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Misty J. Eaton
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K. Harrison
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Lilia Y. Kucheryavykh
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Central del Caribe, School of Medicine, Bayamón, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kellici TF, Tzakos AG, Mavromoustakos T. Rational drug design and synthesis of molecules targeting the angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors. Molecules 2015; 20:3868-97. [PMID: 25738535 PMCID: PMC6272512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 and type 2 receptors (AT1R and AT2R) orchestrate an array of biological processes that regulate human health. Aberrant function of these receptors triggers pathophysiological responses that can ultimately lead to death. Therefore, it is important to design and synthesize compounds that affect beneficially these two receptors. Cardiovascular disease, which is attributed to the overactivation of the vasoactive peptide hormone Αng II, can now be treated with commercial AT1R antagonists. Herein, recent achievements in rational drug design and synthesis of molecules acting on the two AT receptors are reviewed. Quantitative structure activity relationships (QSAR) and molecular modeling on the two receptors aim to assist the search for new active compounds. As AT1R and AT2R are GPCRs and drug action is localized in the transmembrane region the role of membrane bilayers is exploited. The future perspectives in this field are outlined. Tremendous progress in the field is expected if the two receptors are crystallized, as this will assist the structure based screening of the chemical space and lead to new potent therapeutic agents in cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin F Kellici
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Thomas Mavromoustakos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771, Greece.
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