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Value of whole-body dynamic 18F-FMISO PET/CT Patlak multi-parameter imaging for evaluating the early radiosensitizing effect of oleanolic acid on C6 rat gliomas. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:133-141. [PMID: 36565309 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of tumour-to-muscle (T/M) ratios and Patlak Ki images extracted from whole-body dynamic 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET/CT Patlak multi-parameter imaging for evaluating the early radiosensitizing effect of oleanolic acid (OA). Twenty-four rats with C6 gliomas were divided into 4 groups and treated with OA (group B), radiotherapy (group C), both (group D) or neither (group A). Whole-body dynamic 18F-FMISO PET/CT scans were performed for 120 min before treatment and 24 h following the treatment course. The tumour samples were dissected for hematoxylin and eosin staining, and HIF-1α, Ki-67 and GLUT-1 immunohistochemical staining. PET images were analysed using kinetic modelling (Patlak Ki) and static analysis (T/M ratios), and correlated with immunohistochemical results. The changes in T/M ratios, Ki values and tumour volume before treatment and 24 h following the treatment course were compared, and the survival time of tumour-bearing rats was recorded. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that OA combined with radiotherapy can inhibit tumour growth and prolong the survival time of tumour-bearing rats. Whole-body dynamic 18F-FMISO PET/CT showed that the Ki values in group D were significantly lower than those in group C, whilst there was no significant difference in T/M ratios between groups C and D. The Pearson correlation coefficient analysis showed that Ki values were significantly related to immunohistochemical results. Our study suggests that Patlak Ki images may add value to PET/CT static images for evaluating the early radio-sensitizing effect of OA.
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Smith GT, Radin DP, Tsirka SE. From protein-protein interactions to immune modulation: Therapeutic prospects of targeting Neuropilin-1 in high-grade glioma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958620. [PMID: 36203599 PMCID: PMC9532003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past several years there has been a marked increase in our understanding of the pathophysiological hallmarks of glioblastoma development and progression, with specific respect to the contribution of the glioma tumor microenvironment to the rapid progression and treatment resistance of high-grade gliomas. Despite these strides, standard of care therapy still only targets rapidly dividing tumor cells in the glioma, and does little to curb the pro-tumorigenic functions of non-cancerous cells entrenched in the glioma microenvironment. This tumor promoting environment as well as the heterogeneity of high-grade gliomas contribute to the poor prognosis of this malignancy. The interaction of non-malignant cells in the microenvironment with the tumor cells accentuate phenotypes such as rapid proliferation or immunosuppression, so therapeutically modulating one target expressed on one cell type may be insufficient to restrain these rapidly developing neoplasias. With this in mind, identifying a target expressed on multiple cell types and understanding how it governs tumor-promoting functions in each cell type may have great utility in better managing this disease. Herein, we review the physiology and pathological effects of Neuropilin-1, a transmembrane co-receptor which mediates signal transduction pathways when associated with multiple other receptors. We discuss its effects on the properties of endothelial cells and on immune cell types within gliomas including glioma-associated macrophages, microglia, cytotoxic T cells and T regulatory cells. We also consider its effects when elaborated on the surface of tumor cells with respect to proliferation, stemness and treatment resistance, and review attempts to target Neuroplin-1 in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory T. Smith
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Daniel P. Radin
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Stella E. Tsirka
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Stony Brook Medical Scientist Training Program, Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Stella E. Tsirka,
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Hahn A, Bode J, Schuhegger S, Krüwel T, Sturm VJF, Zhang K, Jende JME, Tews B, Heiland S, Bendszus M, Breckwoldt MO, Ziener CH, Kurz FT. Brain tumor classification of virtual NMR voxels based on realistic blood vessel-induced spin dephasing using support vector machines. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4307. [PMID: 32289884 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of tissue microvasculature commonly promotes neoplastic growth; however, there is no imaging modality in oncology yet that noninvasively quantifies microvascular changes in clinical routine. Although blood capillaries cannot be resolved in typical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements, their geometry and distribution influence the integral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal from each macroscopic MRI voxel. We have numerically simulated the expected transverse relaxation in NMR voxels with different dimensions based on the realistic microvasculature in healthy and tumor-bearing mouse brains (U87 and GL261 glioblastoma). The 3D capillary structure in entire, undissected brains was acquired using light sheet fluorescence microscopy to produce large datasets of the highly resolved cerebrovasculature. Using this data, we trained support vector machines to classify virtual NMR voxels with different dimensions based on the simulated spin dephasing accountable to field inhomogeneities caused by the underlying vasculature. In prediction tests with previously blinded virtual voxels from healthy brain tissue and GL261 tumors, stable classification accuracies above 95% were reached. Our results indicate that high classification accuracies can be stably attained with achievable training set sizes and that larger MRI voxels facilitated increasingly successful classifications, even with small training datasets. We were able to prove that, theoretically, the transverse relaxation process can be harnessed to learn endogenous contrasts for single voxel tissue type classifications on tailored MRI acquisitions. If translatable to experimental MRI, this may augment diagnostic imaging in oncology with automated voxel-by-voxel signal interpretation to detect vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Hahn
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Bode
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schuhegger
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Krüwel
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker J F Sturm
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann M E Jende
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Björn Tews
- Schaller Research Group at the University of Heidelberg and the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor Invasion, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Heiland
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Bendszus
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael O Breckwoldt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian H Ziener
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix T Kurz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiology E010, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Markwell SM, Ross JL, Olson CL, Brat DJ. Necrotic reshaping of the glioma microenvironment drives disease progression. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:291-310. [PMID: 35039931 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor and has a dismal prognosis. The development of central necrosis represents a tipping point in the evolution of these tumors that foreshadows aggressive expansion, swiftly leading to mortality. The onset of necrosis, severe hypoxia and associated radial glioma expansion correlates with dramatic tumor microenvironment (TME) alterations that accelerate tumor growth. In the past, most have concluded that hypoxia and necrosis must arise due to "cancer outgrowing its blood supply" when rapid tumor growth outpaces metabolic supply, leading to diffusion-limited hypoxia. However, growing evidence suggests that microscopic intravascular thrombosis driven by the neoplastic overexpression of pro-coagulants attenuates glioma blood supply (perfusion-limited hypoxia), leading to TME restructuring that includes breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, immunosuppressive immune cell accumulation, microvascular hyperproliferation, glioma stem cell enrichment and tumor cell migration outward. Cumulatively, these adaptations result in rapid tumor expansion, resistance to therapeutic interventions and clinical progression. To inform future translational investigations, the complex interplay among environmental cues and myriad cell types that contribute to this aggressive phenotype requires better understanding. This review focuses on contributions from intratumoral thrombosis, the effects of hypoxia and necrosis, the adaptive and innate immune responses, and the current state of targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Markwell
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James L Ross
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cheryl L Olson
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel J Brat
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Ave. Ward 3-140, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Salemizadeh Parizi M, Salemizadeh Parizi F, Abdolhosseini S, Vanaei S, Manzouri A, Ebrahimzadeh F. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in brain cancer: challenges and therapeutic strategies. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:1613-1624. [PMID: 34613567 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The most fatal malignancy of the central nervous system (CNS) is glioblastoma. Brain cancer is a 'cold' tumor because of fewer immunoregulatory cells and more immunosuppressive cells. Due to the cold nature of brain cancers, conventional treatments which are used to manage glioma patients show little effectiveness. Glioma patients even showed resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and no significant efficacy. It has been shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) account for approximately 30-50% of the tumor mass in glioma. This study aimed to review MDSC function in brain cancer, as well as possible treatments and related challenges. In brain cancer and glioma, several differences in the context of MDSCs have been reported, including disagreements about the MDSC subtype that has the most inhibitory function in the brain, or inhibitory function of regulatory B cells (Bregs). There are also serious challenges in treating glioma patients. In addition to the cold nature of glioma, there are reports of an increase in MDSCs following conventional chemotherapy treatments. As a result, targeting MDSCs in combination with other therapies, such as ICB, is essential, and recent studies with the combination therapy approach have shown promising therapeutic effects in brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shohreh Vanaei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ali Manzouri
- School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Evaluation of photodynamic effect of Indocyanine green (ICG) on the colon and glioblastoma cancer cell lines pretreated by cold atmospheric plasma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 35:102408. [PMID: 34171459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a new approach based on its anticancer potential. However, its biological effects in combination with other physical modalities may also enhance efficiency and expand the applicability of the CAP method Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) may be improved by the use of indocyanine green (ICG) photosensitizer with absorption wavelength in the near infrared region to allow for deeper treatment depth.. In this study, the effectiveness of cold atmospheric helium plasma (He-CAP) as a pretreatment on the efficiency of ICG mediated PDT was investigated. METHODS AND MATERIAL First, toxicity of different concentrations of ICG on HT-29 and U-87MG cell lines was examined for 24 h. IC10 and IC30 of ICG were determined and then cells were treated with this ICG concentrations with different plasma radiation doses and light exposures for 48 h. Finally, MTT assay was performed for all treatment groups. The experiments were repeated at least 4 times at each group for two cell lines, separately. In order to compare the results, several indicators such as treatment efficiency, synergistic ratio, and the amount of optical exposure required for 50% cell death (ED50) were also defined. Finally, SPSS 20 software is used for statistical analysis of data. RESULTS Pretreatment with CAP could significantly reduce cell survival in both cell lines (P<0.05). Also concentrations, irradiation time with CAP, and appropriate light exposure in both cell lines increased therapeutic efficiency compared to either treatment alone (P<0.05). While increasing the efficiency of photodynamic therapy varied between the two cell lines, the improvement in the PDT process was demonstrated by pretreatment with CAP. CONCLUSION Synergistic effect in the cell death with PDT were observed following He-CAP treatment and the results indicated that pretreatment with He-CAP improves the efficiency of photodynamic therapy.
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Pinheiro L, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Casaos J, Huq S, Paldor I, Vigilar V, Mangraviti A, Wang Y, Witham TF, Brem H, Tyler B. Captopril inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and extends survival as a temozolomide adjuvant in an intracranial gliosarcoma model. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2021; 207:106771. [PMID: 34198223 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2021.106771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Captopril is a well-characterized, FDA-approved drug that has demonstrated promise as a repurposed oncology therapeutic. Captopril's known anti-cancer effects include inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), an endopeptidase which selectively breaks down the extracellular matrix to promote cell migration. MMP-2 is a known therapeutic target in gliomas, tumors with significant clinical need. Using an aggressive gliosarcoma model, we assessed captopril's effects on MMP-2 expression in vitro and in vivo as well as its efficacy as an adjuvant in combination therapy regimens in vivo. METHODS Following captopril treatment, MMP-2 protein expression and migratory capabilities of 9 L gliosarcoma cells were assessed in vitro via western blots and scratch wound assays, respectively. Rats were intracranially implanted with 9 L gliosarcoma tumors, and survival was assessed in the following groups: control; captopril (30 mg/kg/day); temozolomide (TMZ) (50 mg/kg/day), and captopril+TMZ. In vivo experiments were accompanied by immunohistochemistry for MMP-2 from brain tissue. RESULTS In vitro, captopril decreased MMP-2 protein expression and reduced migratory capacity in 9 L gliosarcoma cells. In a gliosarcoma animal model, captopril decreased MMP-2 protein expression and extended survival as a TMZ adjuvant relative to untreated controls, captopril monotherapy, and TMZ monotherapy groups (27.5 versus 14 (p < 0.001), 16 (p < 0.001), and 23 (p = 0.018) days, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Captopril decreases gliosarcoma cell migration, which may be mediated by reduction in MMP-2 protein expression. Captopril provided a survival advantage as a TMZ adjuvant in a rat intracranial gliosarcoma model. Captopril may represent a promising potential adjuvant to TMZ therapy in gliosarcoma as a modulator of the MMP-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Pinheiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Joshua Casaos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sakibul Huq
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Iddo Paldor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Veronica Vigilar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Antonella Mangraviti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Henry Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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New Insights into the Multifaceted Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSCs) in High-Grade Gliomas: From Metabolic Reprograming, Immunosuppression, and Therapeutic Resistance to Current Strategies for Targeting MDSCs. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040893. [PMID: 33919732 PMCID: PMC8070707 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells “hijack” host immune cells to promote growth, survival, and metastasis. The immune microenvironment of high-grade gliomas (HGG) is a complex and heterogeneous system, consisting of diverse cell types such as microglia, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and T-cells. Of these, MDSCs are one of the major tumor-infiltrating immune cells and are correlated not only with overall worse prognosis but also poor clinical outcomes. Upon entry from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood, spleen, as well as in tumor microenvironment (TME) in HGG patients, MDSCs deploy an array of mechanisms to perform their immune and non-immune suppressive functions. Here, we highlight the origin, function, and characterization of MDSCs and how they are recruited and metabolically reprogrammed in HGG. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms by which MDSCs contribute to immunosuppression and resistance to current therapies. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the emerging approaches for targeting MDSCs alone as a monotherapy or in combination with other standard-of-care therapies to improve the current treatment of high-grade glioma patients.
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9
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Chelliah SS, Paul EAL, Kamarudin MNA, Parhar I. Challenges and Perspectives of Standard Therapy and Drug Development in High-Grade Gliomas. Molecules 2021; 26:1169. [PMID: 33671796 PMCID: PMC7927069 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their low incidence rate globally, high-grade gliomas (HGG) remain a fatal primary brain tumor. The recommended therapy often is incapable of resecting the tumor entirely and exclusively targeting the tumor leads to tumor recurrence and dismal prognosis. Additionally, many HGG patients are not well suited for standard therapy and instead, subjected to a palliative approach. HGG tumors are highly infiltrative and the complex tumor microenvironment as well as high tumor heterogeneity often poses the main challenges towards the standard treatment. Therefore, a one-fit-approach may not be suitable for HGG management. Thus, a multimodal approach of standard therapy with immunotherapy, nanomedicine, repurposing of older drugs, use of phytochemicals, and precision medicine may be more advantageous than a single treatment model. This multimodal approach considers the environmental and genetic factors which could affect the patient's response to therapy, thus improving their outcome. This review discusses the current views and advances in potential HGG therapeutic approaches and, aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap that will assist in overcoming challenges in HGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sundramurthi Chelliah
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ervin Ashley Lourdes Paul
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
| | - Ishwar Parhar
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia; (S.S.C.); (E.A.L.P.); (M.N.A.K.)
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Fernández E, Morillo V, Salvador M, Santafé A, Beato I, Rodríguez M, Ferrer C. Hyperbaric oxygen and radiation therapy: a review. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 23:1047-1053. [PMID: 33206332 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02513-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
About 5% of cancer patients treated with radiotherapy will have severe late-onset toxicity. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been used as a treatment for radiation injuries for decades, with many publications presenting data from small series or individual cases. Moreover, we know that the hypoxic areas of tumours are more resistant to radiation. HBOT increases the oxygen tension in tissues and, theoretically, it should enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy. To better understand how HBOT works, we carried out this bibliographic review. We found Grade B and C evidence that at pressures exceeding 2 absolute atmospheres (ata), HBOT reduced late-onset radiation injuries to the head and neck, bone, prostate and bladder. It also appeared to prevent osteoradionecrosis after exodontia in irradiated areas. Finally, HBOT at 2 ata increased the effectiveness of radiation in head and neck tumours and achieved promising results in the local control of high-grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fernández
- Radiation Oncology Service, Provincial Hospital of Castellón, Avda. Dr. Clara 19, 12002, Castellón de la Plana, Spain.
| | - V Morillo
- Radiation Oncology Service, Provincial Hospital of Castellón, Avda. Dr. Clara 19, 12002, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - M Salvador
- Hyperbaric Therapy Unit, General Hospital of Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - A Santafé
- Radiation Oncology Service, Provincial Hospital of Castellón, Avda. Dr. Clara 19, 12002, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - I Beato
- Radiation Oncology Service, Provincial Hospital of Castellón, Avda. Dr. Clara 19, 12002, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - M Rodríguez
- Radiation Oncology Service, Provincial Hospital of Castellón, Avda. Dr. Clara 19, 12002, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - C Ferrer
- Radiation Oncology Service, Provincial Hospital of Castellón, Avda. Dr. Clara 19, 12002, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Torrisi F, Vicario N, Spitale FM, Cammarata FP, Minafra L, Salvatorelli L, Russo G, Cuttone G, Valable S, Gulino R, Magro G, Parenti R. The Role of Hypoxia and SRC Tyrosine Kinase in Glioblastoma Invasiveness and Radioresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2860. [PMID: 33020459 PMCID: PMC7599682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in functional imaging are supporting neurosurgery and radiotherapy for glioblastoma, which still remains the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. The typical infiltration pattern of glioblastoma, which impedes a complete surgical resection, is coupled with a high rate of invasiveness and radioresistance, thus further limiting efficient therapy, leading to inevitable and fatal recurrences. Hypoxia is of crucial importance in gliomagenesis and, besides reducing radiotherapy efficacy, also induces cellular and molecular mediators that foster proliferation and invasion. In this review, we aimed at analyzing the biological mechanism of glioblastoma invasiveness and radioresistance in hypoxic niches of glioblastoma. We also discussed the link between hypoxia and radiation-induced radioresistance with activation of SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase, prospecting potential strategies to overcome the current limitation in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Federica M. Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Francesco P. Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Luigi Minafra
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Samuel Valable
- ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, CEA, CNRS, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14074 Caen, France;
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
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12
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β-Asarone Increases Chemosensitivity by Inhibiting Tumor Glycolysis in Gastric Cancer. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6981520. [PMID: 32351601 PMCID: PMC7171649 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6981520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
β-asarone is the main active ingredient of the Chinese herb Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii, which exhibits a wide range of biological activities. It was confirmed to be an efficient cytotoxic agent against gastroenteric cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of β-asarone in gastric cancer (GC) remains to be elucidated. The present study showed the inhibitory effect of β-asarone on three types of different differentiation stage GC cell lines (MGC803, SGC7901, and MKN74) in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the synergistic sensitivity of β-asarone and cisplatin was confirmed by using the median-effect principle. Flow cytometry assay revealed that under both normoxia and CoCl2-induced hypoxia conditions, β-asarone can induce apoptosis of GC cells, which can block GC cells in the cell cycle G2/M phase, showing obvious subdiploid peak. Moreover, the activity of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), an enzyme that plays an important role in the final step of tumor glycolysis, was significantly decreased in GC cells following treatment with β-asarone. Mechanistically, β-asarone can reduce pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) 1, phospho(p)-PDK1, PDK4, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α), c-myc, STAT5, and p-STAT5 expression, which revealed how β-asarone affects tumor glycolysis. In conclusion, the present study provided evidence in support of the hypothesis that the increase of chemotherapy sensitization by β-asarone is associated with the inhibition of tumor glycolysis.
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13
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Musah-Eroje A, Watson S. Adaptive Changes of Glioblastoma Cells Following Exposure to Hypoxic (1% Oxygen) Tumour Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092091. [PMID: 31035344 PMCID: PMC6539006 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive and malignant primary brain tumour, with a median survival rate of between 15 to 17 months. Heterogeneous regions occur in glioblastoma as a result of oxygen gradients which ranges from 0.1% to 10% in vivo. Emerging evidence suggests that tumour hypoxia leads to increased aggressiveness and chemo/radio resistance. Yet, few in vitro studies have been performed in hypoxia. Using three glioblastoma cell-lines (U87, U251, and SNB19), the adaptation of glioblastoma cells in a 1% (hypoxia) and 20% (normoxia) oxygen microenvironment on proliferation, metabolism, migration, neurosphere formation, CD133 and VEGF expression was investigated. Compared to cells maintained in normoxia (20% oxygen), glioblastoma cells adapted to 1% oxygen tension by reducing proliferation and enhancing metabolism. Both migratory tendency and neurosphere formation ability were greatly limited. In addition, hypoxic-mediated gene upregulation (CD133 and VEGF) was reversed when cells were removed from the hypoxic environment. Collectively, our results reveal that hypoxia plays a pivotal role in changing the behaviour of glioblastoma cells. We have also shown that genetic modulation can be reversed, supporting the concept of reversibility. Thus, understanding the degree of oxygen gradient in glioblastoma will be crucial in personalising treatment for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Musah-Eroje
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- School of Life Sciences, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Sue Watson
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Cancer Biology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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14
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Innovative Therapeutic Strategies for Effective Treatment of Brain Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061280. [PMID: 30875730 PMCID: PMC6471202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases are the most prevalent of intracranial malignancies. They are associated with a very poor prognosis and near 100% mortality. This has been the case for decades, largely because we lack effective therapeutics to augment surgery and radiotherapy. Notwithstanding improvements in the precision and efficacy of these life-prolonging treatments, with no reliable options for adjunct systemic therapy, brain recurrences are virtually inevitable. The factors limiting intracranial efficacy of existing agents are both physiological and molecular in nature. For example, heterogeneous permeability, abnormal perfusion and high interstitial pressure oppose the conventional convective delivery of circulating drugs, thus new delivery strategies are needed to achieve uniform drug uptake at therapeutic concentrations. Brain metastases are also highly adapted to their microenvironment, with complex cross-talk between the tumor, the stroma and the neural compartments driving speciation and drug resistance. New strategies must account for resistance mechanisms that are frequently engaged in this milieu, such as HER3 and other receptor tyrosine kinases that become induced and activated in the brain microenvironment. Here, we discuss molecular and physiological factors that contribute to the recalcitrance of these tumors, and review emerging therapeutic strategies, including agents targeting the PI3K axis, immunotherapies, nanomedicines and MRI-guided focused ultrasound for externally controlling drug delivery.
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15
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Hypoxia-derived exosomes induce putative altered pathways in biosynthesis and ion regulatory channels in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Rep 2018; 14:104-113. [PMID: 29872742 PMCID: PMC5986551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, a hallmark characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM) induces changes in the transcriptome and the proteome of tumor cells. We discovered that hypoxic stress produces significant qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein content of secreted exosomes from GBM cells. Among the proteins found to be selectively elevated in hypoxic exosomes were protein-lysine 6-oxidase (LOX), thrombospondin-1 (TSP1), vascular derived endothelial factor (VEGF) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 1 (ADAMTS1), well studied contributors to tumor progression, metastasis and angiogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that hypoxic exosomes induce differential gene expression in recipient glioma cells. Glioma cells stimulated with hypoxic exosomes showed a marked upregulation of small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 116–21 (SNORD116-21) transcript among others while significantly downregulated the potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 3 (KCNJ3) message. This differential expression of certain genes is governed by the protein cargo being transferred via exosomes. Additionally, compared to normoxic exosomes, hypoxic exosomes increased various angiogenic related parameters vis-à-vis, overall tube length, branching intervals and length of isolated branches studied in tube formation assay with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Thus, the intercellular communication facilitated via exosomes secreted from hypoxic GBM cells induce marked changes in the expression of genes in neighboring normoxic tumor cells and possibly in surrounding stromal cells, many of which are involved in cancer progression and treatment resistance mechanisms. In GBM, hypoxic stress induces profound changes in the protein content of secreted exosomes. Hypoxic exosomal contents induce angiogenesis and significant changes in recipient GBM cell transcriptome. Hypoxic exosomes play a major role leading to tumor proliferation, tumor growth and cell survival.
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16
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Renin angiotensin system and its role in biomarkers and treatment in gliomas. J Neurooncol 2018; 138:1-15. [PMID: 29450812 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2789-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary intrinsic tumor in the brain and are classified as low- or high-grade according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Patients with high-grade gliomas (HGG) who undergo surgical resection with adjuvant therapy have a mean overall survival of 15 months and 100% recurrence. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the primary regulator of cardiovascular circulation, exhibits local action and works as a paracrine system. In the context of this local regulation, the expression of RAS peptides and receptors has been detected in different kinds of tumors, including gliomas. The dysregulation of RAS components plays a significant role in the proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion of these tumors, and therefore in their outcomes. The study and potential application of RAS peptides and receptors as biomarkers in gliomas could bring advantages against the limitations of current tumoral markers and should be considered in the future. The targeting of RAS components by RAS blockers has shown potential of being protective against cancer and improving immunotherapy. In gliomas, RAS blockers have shown a broad spectrum for beneficial effects and are being considered for use in treatment protocols. This review aims to summarize the background behind how RAS plays a role in gliomagenesis and explore the evidence that could lead to their use as biomarkers and treatment adjuvants.
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17
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Bagó JR, Okolie O, Dumitru R, Ewend MG, Parker JS, Werff RV, Underhill TM, Schmid RS, Miller CR, Hingtgen SD. Tumor-homing cytotoxic human induced neural stem cells for cancer therapy. Sci Transl Med 2018; 9:9/375/eaah6510. [PMID: 28148846 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aah6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) are a promising approach to treating glioblastoma (GBM). The ideal NSC drug carrier for clinical use should be easily isolated and autologous to avoid immune rejection. We transdifferentiated (TD) human fibroblasts into tumor-homing early-stage induced NSCs (h-iNSCTE), engineered them to express optical reporters and different therapeutic gene products, and assessed the tumor-homing migration and therapeutic efficacy of cytotoxic h-iNSCTE in patient-derived GBM models of surgical and nonsurgical disease. Molecular and functional analysis revealed that our single-factor SOX2 TD strategy converted human skin fibroblasts into h-iNSCTE that were nestin+ and expressed pathways associated with tumor-homing migration in 4 days. Time-lapse motion analysis showed that h-iNSCTE rapidly migrated to human GBM cells and penetrated human GBM spheroids, a process inhibited by blockade of CXCR4. Serial imaging showed that h-iNSCTE delivery of the proapoptotic agent tumor necrosis factor-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) reduced the size of solid human GBM xenografts 250-fold in 3 weeks and prolonged median survival from 22 to 49 days. Additionally, h-iNSCTE thymidine kinase/ganciclovir enzyme/prodrug therapy (h-iNSCTE-TK) reduced the size of patient-derived GBM xenografts 20-fold and extended survival from 32 to 62 days. Mimicking clinical NSC therapy, h-iNSCTE-TK therapy delivered into the postoperative surgical resection cavity delayed the regrowth of residual GBMs threefold and prolonged survival from 46 to 60 days. These results suggest that TD of human skin into h-iNSCTE is a platform for creating tumor-homing cytotoxic cell therapies for cancer, where the potential to avoid carrier rejection could maximize treatment durability in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juli R Bagó
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Onyi Okolie
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Raluca Dumitru
- UNC Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Core Facility, Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew G Ewend
- Department of Neurosurgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Joel S Parker
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryan Vander Werff
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ralf S Schmid
- Division of Neuropathology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - C Ryan Miller
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Division of Neuropathology and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Shawn D Hingtgen
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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18
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Caragher SP, Sachdev S, Ahmed A. Radiotherapy and Glioma Stem Cells: Searching for Chinks in Cellular Armor. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2017; 3:348-357. [PMID: 29354390 DOI: 10.1007/s40778-017-0102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of the review Radiation became a pillar of oncologic treatment in the last century and provided a powerful and effective locoregional treatment of solid malignancies. After achieving some of the first cures in lymphomas and skin cancers, it assumed a key role in curative treatment of epithelioid malignancies. Despite success across a variety of histologic types, glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor afflicting adults, remains ultimately resistant to current radiation strategies. While GBMs demonstrate an initial response, recurrence is essentially universal and fatal, and typically reoccur in the areas that received the most intense radiation. Recent Findings Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells with expression profiles similar to neural stem cells and marked self-renewal capacities, have been shown to drive tumor recurrence and preclude curative radiotherapy. Recent research has shown that these cells have enhanced DNA repair capacity, elevated resistance to cytotoxic ion fluxes and escape multi-modality therapies. Summary We will analyze the current understanding of GSCs and radiation by highlighting key discoveries probing their ability to withstand radiotherapy. We then speculate on novel mechanisms by which GSC can be made sensitive to or specifically targeted by radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus P Caragher
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sean Sachdev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Atique Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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19
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Feldman LA, Fabre MS, Grasso C, Reid D, Broaddus WC, Lanza GM, Spiess BD, Garbow JR, McConnell MJ, Herst PM. Perfluorocarbon emulsions radiosensitise brain tumors in carbogen breathing mice with orthotopic GL261 gliomas. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184250. [PMID: 28873460 PMCID: PMC5584944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour hypoxia limits the effectiveness of radiation therapy. Delivering normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen therapy elevates pO2 in both tumour and normal brain tissue. However, pO2 levels return to baseline within 15 minutes of stopping therapy. Aim To investigate the effect of perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions on hypoxia in subcutaneous and intracranial mouse gliomas and their radiosensitising effect in orthotopic gliomas in mice breathing carbogen (95%O2 and 5%CO2). Results PFC emulsions completely abrogated hypoxia in both subcutaneous and intracranial GL261 models and conferred a significant survival advantage orthotopically (Mantel Cox: p = 0.048) in carbogen breathing mice injected intravenously (IV) with PFC emulsions before radiation versus mice receiving radiation alone. Carbogen alone decreased hypoxia levels substantially and conferred a smaller but not statistically significant survival advantage over and above radiation alone. Conclusion IV injections of PFC emulsions followed by 1h carbogen breathing, radiosensitises GL261 intracranial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Feldman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA United States of America.,Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Marie-Sophie Fabre
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Carole Grasso
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Dana Reid
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - William C Broaddus
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA United States of America
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO United States of America
| | - Bruce D Spiess
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL United States of America
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Mallinckrodt Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO United States of America
| | - Melanie J McConnell
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Patries M Herst
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
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20
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Wang G, Wang JJ, Fu XL, Guang R, To SST. Advances in the targeting of HIF-1α and future therapeutic strategies for glioblastoma multiforme (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 37:657-670. [PMID: 27959421 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell metabolism can be reprogrammed by tissue hypoxia leading to cell transformation and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) progression. In response to hypoxia, GBM cells are able to express a transcription factor called hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 belongs to a family of heterodimeric proteins that includes HIF-1α and HIF-1β subunits. HIF-1α has been reported to play a pivotal role in GBM development and progression. In the present review, we discuss the role of HIF-1α in glucose uptake, cancer proliferation, cell mobility and chemoresistance in GBM. Evidence from previous studies indicates that HIF-1α regulates angiogenesis, metabolic and transcriptional signaling pathways. Examples of such are the EGFR, PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK pathways. It affects cell migration and invasion by regulating glucose metabolism and growth in GBM cells. The present review focuses on the strategies through which to target HIF-1α and the related downstream genes highlighting their regulatory roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis, migration and glucose metabolism for the development of future GBM therapeutics. Combined treatment with inhibitors of HIF-1α and glycolysis may enhance antitumor effects in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Li Fu
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guang
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Shing-Shun Tony To
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
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21
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Kalkan R. Glioblastoma Stem Cells as a New Therapeutic Target for Glioblastoma. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2015; 9:95-103. [PMID: 26617463 PMCID: PMC4651416 DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s30271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Primary and secondary glioblastomas (GBMs) are two distinct diseases. The genetic and epigenetic background of these tumors is highly variable. The treatment procedure for these tumors is often unsuccessful because of the cellular heterogeneity and intrinsic ability of the tumor cells to invade healthy tissues. The fatal outcome of these tumors promotes researchers to find out new markers associated with the prognosis and treatment planning. In this communication, the role of glioblastoma stem cells in tumor progression and the malignant behavior of GBMs are summarized with attention to the signaling pathways and molecular regulators that are involved in maintaining the glioblastoma stem cell phenotype. A better understanding of these stem cell-like cells is necessary for designing new effective treatments and developing novel molecular strategies to target glioblastoma stem cells. We discuss hypoxia as a new therapeutic target for GBM. We focus on the inhibition of signaling pathways, which are associated with the hypoxia-mediated maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells, and the knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factors, which could be identified as attractive molecular target approaches for GBM therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
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22
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Januel E, Ursu R, Alkhafaji A, Marantidou A, Doridam J, Belin C, Levy-Piedbois C, Carpentier AF. Impact of renin-angiotensin system blockade on clinical outcome in glioblastoma. Eur J Neurol 2015; 22:1304-9. [PMID: 26053493 DOI: 10.1111/ene.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Despite surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ), the prognosis of glioblastoma (GBM) patients remains dismal. Normally prescribed with the aim to lower blood pressure, angiotensin-II (Ang-II) inhibitors were reported to reduce angiogenesis and tumour growth in several tumour models including one glioma. Thus whether treatment with Ang-II inhibitors could be associated with a better clinical outcome in GBM patients was investigated. METHODS A series of 81 consecutive patients, homogeneously treated with RT and TMZ for a newly diagnosed, supratentorial GBM, were analysed. The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and Ang-II receptor 1 blockers (ARBs) on functional independence, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Amongst the 81 GBM patients analysed, 26 were already treated for high blood pressure (seven with ACEIs and 19 with ARBs). The number of patients who remained functionally independent at 6 months after RT was higher in the group of patients treated with Ang-II inhibitors compared to the other patients (85% vs. 56%, P = 0.01). In patients treated with Ang-II inhibitors, PFS was 8.7 months (vs. 7.2 months in the other patients) and OS was 16.7 months (vs. 12.9 months). The use of Ang-II inhibitors was a significant prognostic factor for both PFS (P = 0.04) and OS (P = 0.04) in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Treatment with Ang-II inhibitors in combination with RT and TMZ might improve clinical outcome in GBMs. Prospective trials are needed to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Januel
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Neurologie, Bobigny, France
| | - R Ursu
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Neurologie, Bobigny, France
| | - A Alkhafaji
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Neurologie, Bobigny, France
| | - A Marantidou
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Neurologie, Bobigny, France.,Université Paris 13, UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France
| | - J Doridam
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Neurologie, Bobigny, France.,Université Paris 13, UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France
| | - C Belin
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Neurologie, Bobigny, France
| | - C Levy-Piedbois
- Institut de Radiothérapie des Hautes Energies (IRHE), Bobigny, France
| | - A F Carpentier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Avicenne, Service de Neurologie, Bobigny, France.,Université Paris 13, UFR de Santé, Médecine et Biologie Humaine, Bobigny, France
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23
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Du HQ, Chen L, Wang Y, Wang LJ, Yan H, Liu HY, Xiao H. Increasing radiosensitivity with the downregulation of cofilin-1 in U251 human glioma cells. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:3354-60. [PMID: 25529407 PMCID: PMC4368146 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between cofilin-1 (CFL1) and radioresistance in human glioma U251 cells. CFL1 expression was downregulated and upregulated in U251 cells through the transfection of CFL1-small interfering (si)RNA and pcDNA3.1-CFL1, respectively. The radiosensitivity of U251 cells and established radioresistant U251 cells (RR-U251) was evaluated using cell viability, migration and invasion ability assays. Cell cycle distribution was also examined. The results showed that CFL1 expression was significantly increased in RR-U251 cells; in addition, the cell viability, migration and invasion ability of RR-U251 cells were significantly enhanced compared to those of the normal U251 cells, whereas the number of cells arrested in G2 phase was markedly decreased. In CFL1-silenced RR-U251 and CFL1-silenced U251 cells, the cell viability, migration and invasion abilities were significantly downregulated and the number of cells arrested in G2 phase was increased compared to that of the untransfected cells. In U251 cells overexpressing CFL1, cell viability, migration and invasion abilities were markedly upregulated and the number of cells arrested in G2 phase was decreased. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that downregulation of CFL1 may increase radiosensitivity in U251 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qing Du
- Neuro‑Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ling Chen
- Neuro‑Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Neuro‑Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- Neuro‑Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Neuro‑Psychiatric Institute, Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
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