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Hertel NE, Biegalski SR, Nelson VI, Nelson WA, Mukhopadhyay S, Su Z, Chan AM, Kesarwala AH, Dynan WS. Compact portable sources of high-LET radiation: Validation and potential application for galactic cosmic radiation countermeasure discovery. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:163-169. [PMID: 36336362 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Implementation of a systematic program for galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) countermeasure discovery will require convenient access to ground-based space radiation analogs. The current gold standard approach for GCR simulation is to use a particle accelerator for sequential irradiation with ion beams representing different GCR components. This has limitations, particularly for studies of non-acute responses, strategies that require robotic instrumentation, or implementation of complex in vitro models that are emerging as alternatives to animal experimentation. Here we explore theoretical and practical issues relating to a different approach to provide a high-LET radiation field for space radiation countermeasure discovery, based on use of compact portable sources to generate neutron-induced charged particles. We present modeling studies showing that DD and DT neutron generators, as well as an AmBe radionuclide-based source, generate charged particles with a linear energy transfer (LET) distribution that, within a range of biological interest extending from about 10 to 200 keV/μm, resembles the LET distribution of reference GCR radiation fields experienced in a spacecraft or on the lunar surface. We also demonstrate the feasibility of using DD neutrons to induce 53BP1 DNA double-strand break repair foci in the HBEC3-KT line of human bronchial epithelial cells, which are widely used for studies of lung carcinogenesis. The neutron-induced foci are larger and more persistent than X ray-induced foci, consistent with the induction of complex, difficult-to-repair DNA damage characteristic of exposure to high-LET (>10 keV/μm) radiation. We discuss limitations of the neutron approach, including low fluence in the low LET range (<10 keV/μm) and the absence of certain long-range features of high charge and energy particle tracks. We present a concept for integration of a compact portable source with a multiplex microfluidic in vitro culture system, and we discuss a pathway for further validation of the use of compact portable sources for countermeasure discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan E Hertel
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, 30332-0745 Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Steven R Biegalski
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, 30332-0745 Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Victoria I Nelson
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, 30332-0745 Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - William A Nelson
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, 30332-0745 Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Sharmistha Mukhopadhyay
- G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 770 State Street, 30332-0745 Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Zitong Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, 30322 Atlanta GA, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, 30322 Atlanta GA, United States of America
| | - Alexis M Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, 30322 Atlanta GA, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, 30322 Atlanta GA, United States of America
| | - Aparna H Kesarwala
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, 30322 Atlanta GA, United States of America
| | - William S Dynan
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road NE, 30322 Atlanta GA, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road NE, 30322 Atlanta GA, United States of America.
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Maruyama K, Wang B, Doi K, Ishibashi K, Ichikawa S, Furuhata Y, Kubota M, Watanabe Y. Radiation effects on wild medaka around Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant assessed by micronucleus assay. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:79-85. [PMID: 33326996 PMCID: PMC7779352 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Since the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (F1-NPP) accident in 2011, radiation effects on wildlife in the contaminated areas have been a major concern. The outskirts of the F1-NPP are mainly rural areas, where many rice fields, streams and reservoirs are located. We searched for wild medaka (small aquarium fish) around the F1-NPP and found two wild medaka habitats (S1 and S2). S1 is a stream located 4 km from the F1-NPP, where the ambient dose equivalent rate was 0.4-0.9 μSv/h (2013-14), and S2 is a reservoir located 7.5 km from the F1-NPP, where the ambient dose equivalent rate was 9.8-22 μSv/h (2013-14 and 2017-18). Dosimeters were placed for one day at the locations where the medaka were captured, and the absorbed dose rates were estimated. Radiation effects on wild medaka were examined using micronucleus assay between 2013 and 2018. No significant difference in frequency of micronucleated gill cells was observed among the wild medaka from S1, S2 and our cultivated medaka that were used as a control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Maruyama
- Corresponding author: Department of Radioecology and Fukushima Project, Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan. Tel: +81-43-206-3085; Fax: +81-43- 251-4582;
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Doi
- Center for Radiation Protection Knowledge, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Koji Ishibashi
- Tokyo College of Environment, 3-3-7 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-0022, Japan
| | - San’ei Ichikawa
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Furuhata
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Masahide Kubota
- Japan Wildlife Research Center, 3-3-7 Kotobashi, Sumida-ku, Tokyo 130-8606, Japan
| | - Yoshito Watanabe
- Department of Radioecology and Fukushima Project, Center for Advanced Radiation Emergency Medicine, Quantum Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Cortese F, Klokov D, Osipov A, Stefaniak J, Moskalev A, Schastnaya J, Cantor C, Aliper A, Mamoshina P, Ushakov I, Sapetsky A, Vanhaelen Q, Alchinova I, Karganov M, Kovalchuk O, Wilkins R, Shtemberg A, Moreels M, Baatout S, Izumchenko E, de Magalhães JP, Artemov AV, Costes SV, Beheshti A, Mao XW, Pecaut MJ, Kaminskiy D, Ozerov IV, Scheibye-Knudsen M, Zhavoronkov A. Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14692-14722. [PMID: 29581875 PMCID: PMC5865701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cortese
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dmitry Klokov
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreyan Osipov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Jakub Stefaniak
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiobiology and Gerontology, Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jane Schastnaya
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles Cantor
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Aliper
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Polina Mamoshina
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Computer Science Department, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Igor Ushakov
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alex Sapetsky
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Quentin Vanhaelen
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Irina Alchinova
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Space Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Karganov
- Laboratory of Physicochemical and Ecological Pathophysiology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Canada Cancer and Aging Research Laboratories, Ltd., Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrey Shtemberg
- Laboratory of Extreme Physiology, Institute of Medical and Biological Problems RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, (SCK·CEN), Mol, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evgeny Izumchenko
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Cancer Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - João Pedro de Magalhães
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Artem V. Artemov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Afshin Beheshti
- Wyle Laboratories, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Wen Mao
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences (BMES), Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Dmitry Kaminskiy
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Deep Knowledge Life Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ivan V. Ozerov
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Biogerontology Research Foundation, London, UK
- Insilico Medicine, Inc., Emerging Technology Centers, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Nagata K, Hashimoto C, Watanabe-Asaka T, Itoh K, Yasuda T, Ohta K, Oonishi H, Igarashi K, Suzuki M, Funayama T, Kobayashi Y, Nishimaki T, Katsumura T, Oota H, Ogawa M, Oga A, Ikemoto K, Itoh H, Kutsuna N, Oda S, Mitani H. In vivo 3D analysis of systemic effects after local heavy-ion beam irradiation in an animal model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28691. [PMID: 27345436 PMCID: PMC4922018 DOI: 10.1038/srep28691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is widely used in cancer treatment. In addition to inducing effects in the irradiated area, irradiation may induce effects on tissues close to and distant from the irradiated area. Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, is a small teleost fish and a model organism for evaluating the environmental effects of radiation. In this study, we applied low-energy carbon-ion (26.7 MeV/u) irradiation to adult medaka to a depth of approximately 2.2 mm from the body surface using an irradiation system at the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology. We histologically evaluated the systemic alterations induced by irradiation using serial sections of the whole body, and conducted a heart rate analysis. Tissues from the irradiated side showed signs of serious injury that corresponded with the radiation dose. A 3D reconstruction analysis of the kidney sections showed reductions in the kidney volume and blood cell mass along the irradiated area, reflecting the precise localization of the injuries caused by carbon-beam irradiation. Capillary aneurysms were observed in the gill in both ventrally and dorsally irradiated fish, suggesting systemic irradiation effects. The present study provides an in vivo model for further investigation of the effects of irradiation beyond the locally irradiated area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Nagata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chika Hashimoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazusa Itoh
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takako Yasuda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kousaku Ohta
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisako Oonishi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michiyo Suzuki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoo Funayama
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kobayashi
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Gunma, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nishimaki
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takafumi Katsumura
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oota
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ogawa
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsunori Oga
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kenzo Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Natsumaro Kutsuna
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan.,LPixel Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoji Oda
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
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