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Agrawal G, Borody TJ, Aitken JM. Mapping Crohn's Disease Pathogenesis with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis: A Hijacking by a Stealth Pathogen. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:2289-2303. [PMID: 38896362 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) has been implicated in the development of Crohn's disease (CD) for over a century. Similarities have been noted between the (histo)pathological presentation of MAP in ruminants, termed Johne's disease (JD), and appearances in humans with CD. Analyses of disease presentation and pathology suggest a multi-step process occurs that consists of MAP infection, dysbiosis of the gut microbiome, and dietary influences. Each step has a role in the disease development and requires a better understanding to implementing combination therapies, such as antibiotics, vaccination, faecal microbiota transplants (FMT) and dietary plans. To optimise responses, each must be tailored directly to the activity of MAP, otherwise therapies are open to interpretation without microbiological evidence that the organism is present and has been influenced. Microscopy and histopathology enables studies of the mycobacterium in situ and how the associated disease processes manifest in the patient e.g., granulomas, fissuring, etc. The challenge for researchers has been to prove the relationship between MAP and CD with available laboratory tests and methodologies, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), MAP-associated DNA sequences and bacteriological culture investigations. These have, so far, been inconclusive in revealing the relationship of MAP in patients with CD. Improved and accurate methods of detection will add to evidence for an infectious aetiology of CD. Specifically, if the bacterial pathogen can be isolated, identified and cultivated, then causal relationships to disease can be confirmed, especially if it is present in human gut tissue. This review discusses how MAP may cause the inflammation seen in CD by relating its known pathogenesis in cattle, and from examples of other mycobacterial infections in humans, and how this would impact upon the difficulties with diagnostic tests for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Agrawal
- Division of Diabetes & Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
- , Sydney, Australia.
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Ribeiro SA, Braga EL, Queiroga ML, Clementino MA, Fonseca XM, Belém MO, Magalhães LM, de Sousa JK, de Freitas TM, Veras HN, de Aquino CC, Santos AD, de Moura FR, Dos Santos AA, Havt A, Maciel BL, Lima AA. A New Murine Undernutrition Model Based on Complementary Feeding of Undernourished Children Causes Damage to the Morphofunctional Intestinal Epithelium Barrier. J Nutr 2024; 154:1232-1251. [PMID: 38346539 PMCID: PMC11347815 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary feeding is critical in establishing undernutrition. However, experimental undernourished diets do not represent the amount of nutrients in the complementary diets of undernourished children. OBJECTIVES To develop, validate, and evaluate the impact of a new murine model of undernutrition on the intestinal epithelium, based on the complementary diet of undernourished children from 7 countries with low-socioeconomic power belonging to the Malnutrition-Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) cohort study. METHODS We used the difference in the percentage of energy, macronutrients, fiber and zinc in the complementary diet of children without undernutrition compared with stunting (height-for-age Z-score < -2) for the MAL-ED diet formulation. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (AIN-93M diet) or MAL-ED diet for 28 d. Weight was measured daily; body composition was measured every 7 d; lactulose:mannitol ratio (LM) and morphometry were evaluated on days 7 and 28; the cotransport test and analysis of intestinal transporters and tight junctions were performed on day 7. RESULTS The MAL-ED diet presented -8.03% energy, -37.46% protein, -24.20% lipid, -10.83% zinc, +5.93% carbohydrate, and +45.17% fiber compared with the control diet. This diet rapidly reduced weight gain and compromised body growth and energy reserves during the chronic period (P < 0.05). In the intestinal epithelial barrier, this diet caused an increase in the LM (P < 0.001) and reduced (P < 0.001) the villous area associated with an increase in FAT/CD36 in the acute period and increased (P < 0.001) mannitol excretion in the chronic period. CONCLUSIONS The MAL-ED diet induced undernutrition in mice, resulting in acute damage to the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and a subsequent increase in the intestinal area during the chronic period. This study introduces the first murine model of undernutrition for the complementary feeding phase, based on data from undernourished children in 7 different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samilly A Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Enock Lr Braga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcus L Queiroga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marco A Clementino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Xhaulla Mqc Fonseca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mônica O Belém
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Mvc Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José K de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Thiago M de Freitas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Herlice N Veras
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C de Aquino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alan Dc Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia (NEQUIMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rm de Moura
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia (NEQUIMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Armênio A Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ll Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Aldo Am Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Barbosa JMG, Cunha ALRR, David LC, Camelo ÍN, Martins NM, Galvão FS, Mendonça DR, Venâncio MT, Cunha RDS, Filho ARC, Veloso IM, Fernandes JJR, Jorge da Cunha PH, Antoniosi Filho NR. A veterinary cerumenomic assay for bovine laminitis identification. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1003-1013. [PMID: 38051450 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Bovine laminitis disorder results in animal welfare and economic concerns in dairy and beef farms worldwide. However, the affected metabolic pathways, pathophysiologic characteristics, and inflammatory mechanisms remain unclear, hampering the development of new diagnostics. Using cerumen (earwax) as a source of volatile metabolites (cerumenomic) that carry valuable biological information has interesting implications for veterinary medicine. Nonetheless, up to now, no applications of veterinary cerumenomic assays have been made to identify bovine laminitis. This work aims to develop a veterinary cerumenomic assay for bovine laminitis identification that is non-invasive, robust, accurate, and sensitive to detecting the metabolic disturbances in bovine volatile metabolome. Twenty earwax samples (10 from healthy/control calves and 10 from laminitis calves) were collected from Nellore cattle, followed by Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS/GC-MS) analysis and biomarker selection in two multivariate approaches: semiquantitative (intensity data) and semiqualitative (binary data). Following the analysis, cerumen volatile metabolites were indicated as candidate biomarkers for identifying bovine laminitis by monitoring their intensity or occurrence. In the semiquantitative strategy, the p-cresol presented the highest diagnostic figures of merit (area under the curve: 0.845, sensitivity: 0.700, and specificity: 0.900). Regarding the binary approach, a panel combining eight variables/volatiles, with formamide being the most prominent one, showed an area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.97, 0.81, and 0.90, respectively. In summary, this work describes the first veterinary cerumenomic assay for bovine laminitis that indicates new metabolites altered during the inflammatory condition, paving the way for developing laminitis early diagnosis by monitoring the cerumen metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Reis R Cunha
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Lurian C David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Ícaro N Camelo
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Nauyla M Martins
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe S Galvão
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Débora R Mendonça
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Marianna T Venâncio
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Roberta Dias S Cunha
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandro R Costa Filho
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Izadora M Veloso
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Juliano José R Fernandes
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Jorge da Cunha
- Escola de Veterinária E Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração E Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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Ashokan M, Rana E, Sneha K, Namith C, Naveen Kumar GS, Azharuddin N, Elango K, Jeyakumar S, Ramesha KP. Metabolomics-a powerful tool in livestock research. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3237-3249. [PMID: 36200897 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2128814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) along with recent developments in omics sciences have resulted in a better understanding of molecular mechanisms and pathways associated with the physio-pathological state of the animal. Metabolomics is a post-genomics tool that deals with small molecular metabolites in a given set of time which provides clear information about the status of an organism. Recently many researchers mainly focus their research on metabolomics studies due to its valuable information in the various fields of livestock management and precision dairying. The main aim of the present review is to provide an insight into the current research output from different sources and application of metabolomics in various areas of livestock including nutri-metabolomics, disease diagnosis advancements, reproductive disorders, pharmaco-metabolomics, genomics studies, and dairy production studies. The present review would be helpful in understanding the metabolomics methodologies and use of livestock metabolomics in various areas in a brief way.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ashokan
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, Hassan Veterinary College, Hassan, India
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Cattle Breeding and Fodder Development, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Ekta Rana
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Kadimetla Sneha
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, Hassan Veterinary College, Hassan, India
| | - C Namith
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - G S Naveen Kumar
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Division, Hassan Veterinary College, Hassan, India
| | - N Azharuddin
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - K Elango
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - S Jeyakumar
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - K P Ramesha
- Southern Regional Station, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Bangalore, India
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Dean DA, Roach J, Ulrich vonBargen R, Xiong Y, Kane SS, Klechka L, Wheeler K, Jimenez Sandoval M, Lesani M, Hossain E, Katemauswa M, Schaefer M, Harris M, Barron S, Liu Z, Pan C, McCall LI. Persistent Biofluid Small-Molecule Alterations Induced by Trypanosoma cruzi Infection Are Not Restored by Parasite Elimination. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2173-2189. [PMID: 37883691 PMCID: PMC10842590 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) protozoa, is a complicated parasitic illness with inadequate medical measures for diagnosing infection and monitoring treatment success. To address this gap, we analyzed changes in the metabolome of T. cruzi-infected mice via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of clinically accessible biofluids: saliva, urine, and plasma. Urine was the most indicative of infection status across mouse and parasite genotypes. Metabolites perturbed by infection in urine include kynurenate, acylcarnitines, and threonylcarbamoyladenosine. Based on these results, we sought to implement urine as a tool for the assessment of CD treatment success. Strikingly, it was found that mice with parasite clearance following benznidazole antiparasitic treatment had an overall urine metabolome comparable to that of mice that failed to clear parasites. These results provide a complementary hypothesis to explain clinical trial data in which benznidazole treatment did not improve patient outcomes in late-stage disease, even in patients with successful parasite clearance. Overall, this study provides insights into new small-molecule-based CD diagnostic methods and a new approach to assess functional responses to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya A. Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jarrod Roach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | | | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Shelley S. Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - London Klechka
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kate Wheeler
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | | | - Mahbobeh Lesani
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ekram Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Mitchelle Katemauswa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Miranda Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Morgan Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Sayre Barron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zongyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Chongle Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Laura-Isobel McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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Rai MK, Yadav S, Jain A, Singh K, Kumar A, Raj R, Dubey D, Singh H, Guleria A, Chaturvedi S, Khan AR, Nath A, Misra DP, Agarwal V, Kumar D. Clinical metabolomics by NMR revealed serum metabolic signatures for differentiating sarcoidosis from tuberculosis. Metabolomics 2023; 19:92. [PMID: 37940751 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary sarcoidosis (SAR) and tuberculosis (TB) are two granulomatous lung-diseases and often pose a diagnostic challenge to a treating physicians. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to explore the diagnostic potential of NMR based serum metabolomics approach to differentiate SAR from TB. MATERIALS AND METHOD The blood samples were obtained from three study groups: SAR (N = 35), TB (N = 28) and healthy normal subjects (NC, N = 56) and their serum metabolic profiles were measured using 1D 1H CPMG (Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill) NMR spectra recorded at 800 MHz NMR spectrometer. The quantitative metabolic profiles were compared employing a combination of univariate and multivariate statistical analysis methods and evaluated for their diagnostic potential using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS Compared to SAR, the sera of TB patients were characterized by (a) elevated levels of lactate, acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB), glutamate and succinate (b) decreased levels of glucose, citrate, pyruvate, glutamine, and several lipid and membrane metabolites (such as very-low/low density lipoproteins (VLDL/LDL), polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc.). CONCLUSION The metabolic disturbances not only found to be well in concordance with various previous reports, these further demonstrated very high sensitivity and specificity to distinguish SAR from TB patients suggesting serum metabolomics analysis can serve as surrogate method in the diagnosis and clinical management of SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Rai
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Sachin Yadav
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, 226026, India
| | - Avinash Jain
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India.
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India.
| | - Kritika Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Ritu Raj
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Durgesh Dubey
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Harshit Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
- Immuno Biology Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, HR, 121001, India
| | - Anupam Guleria
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Saurabh Chaturvedi
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Sector III, Pushp Vihar, M.B. Road, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Abdul Rahman Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, 226026, India
| | - Alok Nath
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Durga Prasanna Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research (CBMR), Lucknow, UP, 226014, India.
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Alonso-Hearn M, Ballesteros A, Navarro A, Badia-Bringué G, Casais R. Lateral-flow assays for bovine paratuberculosis diagnosis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1257488. [PMID: 37901111 PMCID: PMC10601461 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1257488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) causes bovine paratuberculosis (PTB). PTB is responsible for significant economic losses in dairy herds around the word. PTB control programs that rely on testing and culling of test-positive cows have been developed. Current diagnostics, such as ELISA for detecting MAP antibodies in serum samples and PCR detecting MAP DNA in feces, have inadequate sensitivity for detecting subclinical animals. Innovative "omics" technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology-based RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), proteomics and metabolomics can be used to find host biomarkers. The discovered biomarkers (RNA, microRNAs, proteins, metabolites) can then be used to develop new and more sensitive approaches for PTB diagnosis. Traditional approaches for measuring host antibodies and biomarkers, such as ELISAs, northern blotting, quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), cDNA microarrays, and mass spectrometry are time-consuming, expensive, and sometimes exhibit poor sensitivity. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, low-cost monitoring devices for measuring antibodies against MAP proteins in point-of-care (POC) settings have been developed. Lateral flow assays (LFAs), in particular, are thought to be appropriate for the on-site detection of antibodies to MAP antigens and/or host biomarkers. This review aims to summarize LFAs that have recently been developed to accurately detect antibodies against MAP antigens, as well as the benefits that host biomarkers linked with MAP infection give to PTB diagnosis. The identification of these novel biomarkers could be the basis for the development of new LFAs. The dairy industry and producers are likely to benefit from reliable and rapid technologies capable of detecting MAP infection in situ to establish a quick and sensitive PTB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Alonso-Hearn
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ana Ballesteros
- Biolan Health S.L, Technological Park of Bizkaia, Zamudio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alejandra Navarro
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Center of Animal Biotechnology, Deva, Asturias, Spain
| | - Gerard Badia-Bringué
- Department of Animal Health, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rosa Casais
- SERIDA, Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario, Center of Animal Biotechnology, Deva, Asturias, Spain
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Dean DA, Roach J, vonBargen RU, Xiong Y, Kane SS, Klechka L, Wheeler K, Sandoval MJ, Lesani M, Hossain E, Katemauswa M, Schaefer M, Harris M, Barron S, Liu Z, Pan C, McCall LI. Persistent biofluid small molecule alterations induced by Trypanosoma cruzi infection are not restored by antiparasitic treatment. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.03.543565. [PMID: 37425694 PMCID: PMC10326868 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.03.543565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Chagas Disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) protozoa, is a complicated parasitic illness with inadequate medical measures for diagnosing infection and monitoring treatment success. To address this gap, we analyzed changes in the metabolome of T. cruzi-infected mice via liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis of clinically-accessible biofluids: saliva, urine, and plasma. Urine was the most indicative of infection status, across mouse and parasite genotypes. Metabolites perturbed by infection in the urine include kynurenate, acylcarnitines, and threonylcarbamoyladenosine. Based on these results, we sought to implement urine as a tool for assessment of CD treatment success. Strikingly, it was found that mice with parasite clearance following benznidazole antiparasitic treatment had comparable overall urine metabolome to mice that failed to clear parasites. These results match with clinical trial data in which benznidazole treatment did not improve patient outcomes in late-stage disease. Overall, this study provides insights into new small molecule-based CD diagnostic methods and a new approach to assess functional treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danya A. Dean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019; USA
| | - Jarrod Roach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | | | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Shelley S. Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019; USA
| | - London Klechka
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Kate Wheeler
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | | | - Mahbobeh Lesani
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Ekram Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019; USA
| | - Mitchelle Katemauswa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019; USA
| | - Miranda Schaefer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Morgan Harris
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Sayre Barron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Zongyuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019; USA
| | - Chongle Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Laura-Isobel McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019; USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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9
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Massaro A, Tata A, Pallante I, Bertazzo V, Bottazzari M, Paganini L, Dall'Ava B, Stefani A, De Buck J, Piro R, Pozzato N. Metabolic signature of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infected and infectious dairy cattle by integrating nuclear magnetic resonance analysis and blood indices. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1146626. [PMID: 37138915 PMCID: PMC10150450 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1146626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The early diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is one of the current challenges of farmers and veterinarians. This work aimed to investigate the changes in metabolic levels associated with natural MAP infection in infected and infectious dairy cattle. The study included sera from 23 infectious/seropositive, 10 infected but non-infectious/seronegative, and 26 negative Holstein Fresian cattle. The samples were selected from a collection of samples gathered during a prospective study. The samples were analyzed by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and routine blood chemistry. The blood indices and the 1H NMR data were concatenated by low-level data fusion, resulting in a unique global fingerprint. Afterwards, the merged dataset was statistically analyzed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), which is a shrinkage and selection method for supervised learning. Finally, pathways analysis was performed to get more insights on the possible dysregulated metabolic pathways. The LASSO model achieved, in a 10 time repeated 5-fold cross-validation, an overall accuracy of 91.5% with high values of sensitivity and specificity in classifying correctly the negative, infected, and infectious animals. The pathway analysis revealed MAP-infected cattle have increased tyrosine metabolism and enhanced phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. The enhanced synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies was observed both in infected and infectious cattle. In conclusion, fusing data from multiple sources has proved to be useful in exploring the altered metabolic pathways in MAP infection and potentially diagnosing negative animals within paratuberculosis-infected herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Massaro
- Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Tata
- Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandra Tata
| | - Ivana Pallante
- Laboratorio di Medicina Forense Veterinaria, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Valentina Bertazzo
- Medicina di Laboratorio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Bottazzari
- Laboratorio di Diagnostica Clinica e Sierologia di Piano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Paganini
- Laboratorio di Diagnostica Clinica e Sierologia di Piano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Verona, Italy
| | - Brunella Dall'Ava
- Laboratorio di Diagnostica Clinica e Sierologia di Piano, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Stefani
- Medicina di Laboratorio, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roberto Piro
- Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Nicola Pozzato
- Laboratorio di Medicina Forense Veterinaria, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Vicenza, Italy
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10
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Taylor EN, Beckmann M, Hewinson G, Rooke D, Sinclair LA, Mur LAJ. Metabolomic changes in lactating multiparous naturally MAP-infected Holstein-Friesian dairy cows suggest changes in mitochondrial energy pathways. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:354-363. [PMID: 36108548 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative organism of Johne's Disease, a chronic intestinal infection of ruminants. Infected cows begin shedding MAP within the asymptomatic, subclinical stage of infection before clinical signs, such as weight loss, diarrhoea and reduced milk yields develop within the clinical stages of disease. Herein, we examine the milk metabolomic profiles of naturally MAP-infected Holstein-Friesian cows. The study used biobanked milk samples which were collected 73.4 ± 3.79 (early lactation) and 143 ± 3.79 (mean ± SE) (mid-lactation) days post-calving from 5 MAP-infected and 5 control multiparous cows. The milk metabolome was assessed using flow infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) for sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Metabolite fingerprinting assessments using partial least squares discriminate analyses (PLS-DA) indicated that lactation stage was a larger source of variation than MAP status. Examining each lactation stage separately for changes associated to MAP-infection status identified 45 metabolites, 33 in early lactation and 12 in mid-lactation, but only 6 metabolites were targeted in both stages of lactation. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that MAP affected the malate-aspartate shuffle during early lactation. Pearson's correlation analysis indicated relationships between milk lactose concentrations in mid-lactation and 6 metabolites that were tentatively linked to MAP-infection status. The targeted metabolites were suggestive of wider changes in the bioenergetic metabolism that appear to be an acceleration of the effects of progressing lactation in healthy cows. Additionally, milk lactose concentrations suggest that MAP reduces the availability of lactose derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Hewinson
- Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK
| | - D Rooke
- ProTEM Services Ltd, West Sussex, UK
| | - L A Sinclair
- Department of Agriculture and Environment, Harper Adams University, Newport, Shropshire, UK
| | - L A J Mur
- Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK.
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11
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Taylor EN, Beckmann M, Hewinson G, Rooke D, Mur LAJ, Koets AP. Metabolomic changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids and eicosanoids as diagnostic biomarkers in Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP)-inoculated Holstein-Friesian heifers. Vet Res 2022; 53:68. [PMID: 36056402 PMCID: PMC9440510 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative organism of Johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants. We have previously used naturally MAP-infected heifer calves to document metabolomic changes occurring in MAP infections. Herein, we used experimentally MAP-inoculated heifer calves to identify biomarkers for MAP infections. At 2-weeks of age, 20 Holstein-Friesian (HF) calves were experimentally inoculated with MAP. These calves, along with 20 control calves, were sampled biweekly up to 13-months of age and then monthly up to 19-months of age. Sera were assessed using flow infusion electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) on a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer for high throughput, sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Partial least squares-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) discriminated between MAP-inoculated and control heifer calves. Out of 34 identified metabolites, six fatty acyls were able to differentiate between experimental groups throughout the study, including 8, 11, 14-eicosatrienoic acid and cis-8, 11, 14, 17-eicosatetraenoic acid which were also detected in our previous study and so further suggested their value as biomarkers for MAP infection. Pathway analysis highlighted the role of the alpha-linoleic acid and linoleic acid metabolism. Within these pathways, two broad types of response, with a rapid increase in some saturated fatty acids and some n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and later n-6 PUFAs, became predominant. This could indicate an initial anti-inflammatory colonisation phase, followed by an inflammatory phase. This study demonstrates the validity of the metabolomic approach in studying MAP infections. Nevertheless, further work is required to define further key events, particularly at a cell-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Taylor
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - Glyn Hewinson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK.,Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK
| | - David Rooke
- ProTEM Services Ltd, Horsham, RH12 4BD, West Sussex, UK
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, SY23 3DA, UK.
| | - Ad P Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA, Lelystad, The Netherlands. .,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Population Health Systems, Utrecht University, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Barbosa JMG, de Mendonça DR, David LC, E Silva TC, Fortuna Lima DA, de Oliveira AE, Lopes WDZ, Fioravanti MCS, da Cunha PHJ, Antoniosi Filho NR. A cerumenolomic approach to bovine trypanosomosis diagnosis. Metabolomics 2022; 18:42. [PMID: 35739279 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax (T. vivax, subgenus Duttonella) is a burden disease in bovines that induces losses of billions of dollars in livestock activity worldwide. To control the disease, the first step is identifying the infected animals at early stages. However, convention tools for animal infection detection by T. vivax present some challenges, facilitating the spread of the pathogenesis. OBJECTIVES This work aims to develop a new procedure to identify infected bovines by T. vivax using cerumen (earwax) in a volatilomic approach, here named cerumenolomic, which is performed in an easy, quick, accurate, and non-invasive manner. METHODS Seventy-eight earwax samples from Brazilian Curraleiro Pé-Duro calves were collected in a longitudinal study protocol during health and inoculated stages. The samples were analyzed using Headspace/Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry followed by multivariate analysis approaches. RESULTS The cerumen analyses lead to the identification of a broad spectrum of volatile organic metabolites (VOMs), of which 20 VOMs can discriminate between healthy and infected calves (AUC = 0.991, sensitivity = 0.967, specificity = 1.000). Furthermore, 13 VOMs can indicate a pattern of discrimination between the acute and chronic phases of the T. vivax infection in the animals (AUC = 0.989, sensitivity = 0.944, specificity = 1.000). CONCLUSION The cerumen volatile metabolites present alterations in their occurrence during the T.vivax infection, which may lead to identifying the infection in the first weeks of inoculation and discriminating between the acute and chronic phases of the illness. These results may be a breakthrough to avoid the T. vivax outbreak and provide a faster clinical approach to the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
| | - Débora Ribeiro de Mendonça
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Lurian C David
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Taynara C E Silva
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Danielly A Fortuna Lima
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Instituto de Química, UFG, Goiânia, GO, 74690-970, Brazil
| | - Welber Daniel Zanetti Lopes
- Centro de Parasitologia Veterinária, Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, Goiás, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Clorinda S Fioravanti
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia (EVZ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Rodovia Goiânia - Nova Veneza, Km 8, Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, CEP, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratório de Métodos de Extração e Separação (LAMES), Instituto de Química (IQ), Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Campus II - Samambaia, Goiânia, GO, 74690-900, Brazil.
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13
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Taylor EN, Beckmann M, Markey BK, Gordon SV, Hewinson G, Rooke D, Mur LAJ. Metabolomic changes in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) challenged Holstein-Friesian cattle highlight the role of serum amino acids as indicators of immune system activation. Metabolomics 2022; 18:21. [PMID: 35320420 PMCID: PMC8942901 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01876-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paratuberculosis, commonly known as Johne's disease, is a chronic granulomatous infection of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). Clinical signs, including reduced milk yields, weight loss and diarrhoea, are typically absent until 2 to 6 years post exposure. OBJECTIVES To identify metabolomic changes profiles of MAP challenged Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle and correlate identified metabolites to haematological and immunological parameters. METHODS At approximately 6 weeks of age, calves (n = 9) were challenged with 3.8 × 109 cells of MAP (clinical isolate CIT003) on 2 consecutive days. Additional unchallenged calves (n = 9) formed the control group. The study used biobanked serum from cattle sampled periodically from 3- to 33-months post challenge. The assessment of sera using flow infusion electrospray high resolution mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) for high throughput, sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting highlighted differences in metabolite levels between the two groups. RESULTS In total, 25 metabolites which were differentially accumulated in MAP challenged cattle were identified, including 20 which displayed correlation to haematology parameters, particularly monocyte levels. CONCLUSION The targeted metabolites suggest shifts in amino acid metabolism that could reflect immune system activation linked to MAP and as well as differences in phosphocholine levels which could reflect activation of the Th1 (tending towards pro-inflammatory) immune response. If verified by future work, selected metabolites could be used as biomarkers to diagnose and manage MAP infected cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bryan K Markey
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glyn Hewinson
- Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, UK
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14
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Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Bissonnette N, Do DN, Dudemaine PL, Wang M, Facciuolo A, Griebel P. Regionally Distinct Immune and Metabolic Transcriptional Responses in the Bovine Small Intestine and Draining Lymph Nodes During a Subclinical Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:760931. [PMID: 34975852 PMCID: PMC8714790 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative infectious agent of Johne’s disease (JD), an incurable granulomatous enteritis affecting domestic livestock and other ruminants around the world. Chronic MAP infections usually begin in calves with MAP uptake by Peyer’s patches (PP) located in the jejunum (JE) and ileum (IL). Determining host responses at these intestinal sites can provide a more complete understanding of how MAP manipulates the local microenvironment to support its long-term survival. We selected naturally infected (MAPinf, n=4) and naive (MAPneg, n=3) cows and transcriptionally profiled the JE and IL regions of the small intestine and draining mesenteric lymph nodes (LN). Differentially expressed (DE) genes associated with MAP infection were identified in the IL (585), JE (218), jejunum lymph node (JELN) (205), and ileum lymph node (ILLN) (117). Three DE genes (CD14, LOC616364 and ENSBTAG00000027033) were common to all MAPinf versus MAPneg tissues. Functional enrichment analysis revealed immune/disease related biological processes gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways predominated in IL tissue, indicative of an activated immune response state. Enriched GO terms and pathways in JE revealed a distinct set of host responses from those detected in IL. Regional differences were also identified between the mesenteric LNs draining each intestinal site. More down-regulated genes (52%) and fewer immune/disease pathways (n=5) were found in the ILLN compared to a higher number of up-regulated DE genes (56%) and enriched immune/disease pathways (n=13) in the JELN. Immunohistochemical staining validated myeloid cell transcriptional changes with increased CD172-positive myeloid cells in IL and JE tissues and draining LNs of MAPinf versus MAPneg cows. Several genes, GO terms, and pathways related to metabolism were significantly DE in IL and JE, but to a lesser extent (comparatively fewer enriched metabolic GO terms and pathways) in JELN suggesting distinct regional metabolic changes in IL compared to JE and JELN in response to MAP infection. These unique tissue- and regional-specific differences provides novel insight into the dichotomy in host responses to MAP infection that occur throughout the small intestine and mesenteric LN of chronically MAP infected cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bissonnette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Duy N Do
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pier-Luc Dudemaine
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Antonio Facciuolo
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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15
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Ruiz-Cabello J, Sevilla IA, Olaizola E, Bezos J, Miguel-Coello AB, Muñoz-Mendoza M, Beraza M, Garrido JM, Izquierdo-García JL. Benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic approach for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:e859-e870. [PMID: 34717039 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Even though enormous efforts and control strategies have been implemented, bovine tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant source of health and socioeconomic concern. The standard method used in TB eradication programs for in vivo detection is the tuberculin skin test. However, the specificity of the tuberculin skin test is affected by infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria or by vaccination. Thus, some animals are not correctly diagnosed. This study aimed first to identify a plasma metabolic TB profile by high-field (HF) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and second measure this characteristic TB metabolic profile using low-field benchtop (LF) NMR as an affordable molecular technology for TB diagnosis. Plasma samples from cattle diagnosed with TB (derivation set, n = 11), diagnosed with paratuberculosis (PTB, n = 10), PTB-vaccinated healthy control (n = 10) and healthy PTB-unvaccinated control (n = 10) were analyzed by NMR. Unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to identify metabolic differences between groups. We identified 14 metabolites significantly different between TB and control animals. The second group of TB animals was used to validate the results (validation set, n = 14). Predictive models based on metabolic fingerprint acquired by both HF and LF NMR spectroscopy successfully identified TB versus control subjects (Area under the curve of Receiver Operating Characteristic over 0.92, in both models; Confidence Interval 0.77-1). In summary, plasma fingerprinting using HF and LF-NMR differentiated TB subjects from uninfected animals, and PTB and PTB-vaccinated subjects who may provide a TB-false positive, highlighting the use of LF-NMR-based metabolomics as a complementary or alternative diagnostic tool to the current diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ruiz-Cabello
- BRTA Basque Research and Technology Alliance, CIC biomaGUNE Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.,Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Iker A Sevilla
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ekine Olaizola
- BRTA Basque Research and Technology Alliance, CIC biomaGUNE Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Javier Bezos
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal y Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Veterinaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Miguel-Coello
- BRTA Basque Research and Technology Alliance, CIC biomaGUNE Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Marta Muñoz-Mendoza
- Servicio de Sanidad Animal, Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Medio Rural, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Beraza
- BRTA Basque Research and Technology Alliance, CIC biomaGUNE Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Joseba M Garrido
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Basque Institute for Agricultural Research and Development, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jose L Izquierdo-García
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER de enfermedades respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Taylor EN, Beckmann M, Villarreal-Ramos B, Vordermeier HM, Hewinson G, Rooke D, Mur LAJ, Koets AP. Metabolomic Changes in Naturally MAP-Infected Holstein-Friesian Heifers Indicate Immunologically Related Biochemical Reprogramming. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11110727. [PMID: 34822384 PMCID: PMC8625860 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne’s disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), causes weight loss, diarrhoea, and reduced milk yields in clinically infected cattle. Asymptomatic, subclinically infected cattle shed MAP bacteria but are frequently not detected by diagnostic tests. Herein, we compare the metabolite profiles of sera from subclinically infected Holstein–Friesian heifers and antibody binding to selected MAP antigens. The study used biobanked serum samples from 10 naturally MAP-infected and 10 control heifers, sampled monthly from ~1 to 19 months of age. Sera were assessed using flow infusion electrospray–high-resolution mass spectrometry (FIE–HRMS) on a Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole–Orbitrap mass spectrometer for high-throughput, sensitive, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting. Partial least-squares discriminant analyses (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) of the data discriminated between naturally MAP-infected and control heifers. In total, 33 metabolites that differentially accumulated in naturally MAP-infected heifers compared to controls were identified. Five were significantly elevated within MAP-infected heifers throughout the study, i.e., leukotriene B4, bicyclo prostaglandin E2 (bicyclo PGE2), itaconic acid, 2-hydroxyglutaric acid and N6-acetyl-L-lysine. These findings highlight the potential of metabolomics in the identification of novel MAP diagnostic markers and particular biochemical pathways, which may provide insights into the bovine immune response to MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N. Taylor
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (B.V.-R.); (H.-M.V.); (G.H.)
| | - Manfred Beckmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (B.V.-R.); (H.-M.V.); (G.H.)
| | - Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (B.V.-R.); (H.-M.V.); (G.H.)
- Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Hans-Martin Vordermeier
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (B.V.-R.); (H.-M.V.); (G.H.)
- Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Weybridge, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Glyn Hewinson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (B.V.-R.); (H.-M.V.); (G.H.)
- Centre of Excellence for Bovine Tuberculosis, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK
| | - David Rooke
- ProTEM Services Ltd., Horsham, West Sussex RH12 4BD, UK;
| | - Luis A. J. Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK; (E.N.T.); (M.B.); (B.V.-R.); (H.-M.V.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.J.M.); (A.P.K.)
| | - Ad P. Koets
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA Lelystad, The Netherlands
- Population Health Systems, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (L.A.J.M.); (A.P.K.)
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Matthews C, Cotter PD, O’ Mahony J. MAP, Johne's disease and the microbiome; current knowledge and future considerations. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:34. [PMID: 33962690 PMCID: PMC8105914 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of Johne's disease in ruminants. As an infectious disease that causes reduced milk yields, effects fertility and, eventually, the loss of the animal, it is a huge financial burden for associated industries. Efforts to control MAP infection and Johne's disease are complicated due to difficulties of diagnosis in the early stages of infection and challenges relating to the specificity and sensitivity of current testing methods. The methods that are available contribute to widely used test and cull strategies, vaccination programmes also in place in some countries. Next generation sequencing technologies have opened up new avenues for the discovery of novel biomarkers for disease prediction within MAP genomes and within ruminant microbiomes. Controlling Johne's disease in herds can lead to improved animal health and welfare, in turn leading to increased productivity. With current climate change bills, such as the European Green Deal, targeting livestock production systems for more sustainable practices, managing animal health is now more important than ever before. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on genomics and detection of MAP as it pertains to Johne's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Matthews
- Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc, Food Research Centre, Food Biosciences Department, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Jim O’ Mahony
- Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Co. Cork, Ireland
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18
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Tata A, Pallante I, Massaro A, Miano B, Bottazzari M, Fiorini P, Dal Prà M, Paganini L, Stefani A, De Buck J, Piro R, Pozzato N. Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Paratuberculosis Infected and Infectious Dairy Cattle by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:625067. [PMID: 33553289 PMCID: PMC7854907 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.625067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis [Johne's disease (JD)], a chronic disease that causes substantial economic losses in the dairy cattle industry. The long incubation period means clinical signs are visible in animals only after years, and some cases remain undetected because of the subclinical manifestation of the disease. Considering the complexity of JD pathogenesis, animals can be classified as infected, infectious, or affected. The major limitation of currently available diagnostic tests is their failure in detecting infected non-infectious animals. The present study aimed to identify metabolic markers associated with infected and infectious stages of JD. Direct analysis in real time coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) was, hence, applied in a prospective study where cohorts of heifers and cows were followed up annually for 2–4 years. The animals' infectious status was assigned based on a positive result of both serum ELISA and fecal PCR, or culture. The same animals were retrospectively assigned to the status of infected at the previous sampling for which all JD tests were negative. Stored sera from 10 infected animals and 17 infectious animals were compared with sera from 20 negative animals from the same herds. Two extraction protocols and two (-/+) ionization modes were tested. The three most informative datasets out of the four were merged by a mid-level data fusion approach and submitted to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Compared to the MAP negative subjects, metabolomic analysis revealed the m/z signals of isobutyrate, dimethylethanolamine, palmitic acid, and rhamnitol were more intense in infected animals. Both infected and infectious animals showed higher relative intensities of tryptamine and creatine/creatinine as well as lower relative abundances of urea, glutamic acid and/or pyroglutamic acid. These metabolic differences could indicate altered fat metabolism and reduced energy intake in both infected and infectious cattle. In conclusion, DART-HRMS coupled to a mid-level data fusion approach allowed the molecular features that identified preclinical stages of JD to be teased out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ivana Pallante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Massaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Brunella Miano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Paola Fiorini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Dal Prà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Paganini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roberto Piro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Pozzato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
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Wottlin LR, Carstens GE, Kayser WC, Pinchak WE, Thomson JM, Copié V, O’Shea-Stone GP. Differential haptoglobin responsiveness to a Mannheimia haemolytica challenge altered immunologic, physiologic, and behavior responses in beef steers. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skaa404. [PMID: 33515481 PMCID: PMC7846076 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Indicator traits associated with disease resiliency would be useful to improve the health and welfare of feedlot cattle. A post hoc analysis of data collected previously (Kayser et al., 2019a) was conducted to investigate differences in immunologic, physiologic, and behavioral responses of steers (N = 36, initial BW = 386 ± 24 kg) that had differential haptoglobin (HPT) responses to an experimentally induced challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH). Rumen temperature, DMI, and feeding behavior data were collected continuously, and serial blood samples were collected following the MH challenge. Retrospectively, it was determined that 9 of the 18 MH-challenged steers mounted a minimal HPT response, despite having similar leukocyte and temperature responses to other MH-challenged steers with a greater HPT response. Our objective was to examine differences in behavioral and physiological responses between MH-challenged HPT responsive (RES; n = 9), MH-challenged HPT nonresponsive (NON; n = 9), and phosphate-buffered saline-inoculated controls (CON; n = 18). Additionally, 1H NMR analysis was conducted to determine whether the HPT-responsive phenotype affected serum metabolite profiles. The RES steers had lesser (P < 0.05) cortisol concentrations than NON and CON steers. The magnitude of the increases in neutrophil concentrations and rumen temperature, and the reduction in DMI following the MH challenge were greatest (P < 0.05) in RES steers. Univariate analysis of serum metabolites indicated differences between RES, NON, and CON steers following the MH challenge; however, multivariate analysis revealed no difference between HPT-responsive phenotypes. Prior to the MH challenge, RES steers had longer (P < 0.05) head down and bunk visit durations, slower eating rates (P < 0.01) and greater (P < 0.05) daily variances in bunk visit frequency and head down duration compared with NON steers, suggesting that feeding behavior patterns were associated with the HPT-responsive phenotype. During the 28-d postchallenge period, RES steers had decreased (P < 0.05) final BW, tended (P = 0.06) to have lesser DMI, and had greater (P < 0.05) daily variances in head down and bunk visit durations compared with NON steers, which may have been attributed to their greater acute-phase protein response to the MH challenge. These results indicate that the HPT-responsive phenotype affected feeding behavior patterns and may be associated with disease resiliency in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Wottlin
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gordon E Carstens
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - William C Kayser
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Jennifer M Thomson
- Department of Animal Science, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Valerie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Galen P O’Shea-Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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20
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Abstract
Mycobacterial infections are widely distributed in animals and cause considerable economic losses, especially in livestock animals. Bovine paratuberculosis and bovine tuberculosis, which are representative mycobacterial infections in cattle, are difficult to diagnose using current-generation diagnostics due to their relatively long incubation periods. Thus, alternative diagnostic tools are needed for the detection of mycobacterial infections in cattle. A biomarker is an indicator present in biological fluids that reflects the biological state of an individual during the progression of a specific disease. Therefore, biomarkers are considered a potential diagnostic tool for various diseases. Recently, the number of studies investigating biomarkers as tools for diagnosing mycobacterial infections has increased. In human medicine, many diagnostic biomarkers have been developed and applied in clinical practice. In veterinary medicine, however, many such developments are still in the early stages. In this review, we summarize the current progress in biomarker research related to the development of diagnostic biomarkers for mycobacterial infections in cattle.
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21
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Connolly S, Dona A, Hamblin D, D'Occhio MJ, González LA. Changes in the blood metabolome of Wagyu crossbred steers with time in the feedlot and relationships with marbling. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18987. [PMID: 33149174 PMCID: PMC7642383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wagyu crossbred steers (n = 167) were used to (1) compare the metabolome of individual animals at two distant time-points (days 196 and 432) in a feedlot (this corresponded to 272 and 36 days before slaughter); and (2) determine relationships between the metabolome and marbling, and the effect of days in the feedlot (time-points) on these relationships. 1H NMR spectroscopy followed by standard recoupling of variables analysis produced 290 features or 'peaks' from which 38 metabolites were identified. There was a positive correlation between the relative concentration (RC) at days 196 and 432 for 35 of 38 metabolites (P > 0.05). The RC of 21 metabolites mostly involved in muscle energy and glucose metabolism increased (P < 0.05) from day 196 to 432, and the RC of 13 metabolites mostly involved in lipid metabolism decreased (P < 0.05). There were 14 metabolites correlated with marbling including metabolites involved in energy and fat metabolism (glucose, propionate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, lipids). The relationship between marbling and the RC of metabolites was affected by time-point, being positive for 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetate (P < 0.05) at day 432 but not at day 196. The findings indicate that the blood metabolome in Wagyu crossbred steers changes with time in a feedlot. Notwithstanding, the metabolome has potential to predict marbling in Wagyu. The ability to predict marbling from the blood metabolome appears to be influenced by days in a feedlot and presumably the stage of development towards a mature body conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Connolly
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.,Hamblin Pty Ltd, 'Strathdale', Blue Mountain, Sarina, QLD, 4737, Australia
| | - Anthony Dona
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Medical School, The University of Sydney, St Leonard's, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Darren Hamblin
- Hamblin Pty Ltd, 'Strathdale', Blue Mountain, Sarina, QLD, 4737, Australia
| | - Michael J D'Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia
| | - Luciano A González
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.
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22
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Barbosa JMG, Fernandes Rodrigues MK, David LC, E Silva TC, Fortuna Lima DA, Pereira NZ, D'Alessandro EB, de Oliveira AE, Jorge da Cunha PH, Fioravanti MCS, Antoniosi Filho NR. A volatolomic approach using cerumen as biofluid to diagnose bovine intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4935. [PMID: 32598079 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An innovative volatolomic approach employs the detection of biomarkers present in cerumen (earwax) to identify cattle intoxication by Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart., Fabaceae (popularly known as barbatimão). S. rotundifolium is a poisonous plant with the toxic compound undefined and widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. Cerumen samples from cattle of two local Brazilian breeds ('Curraleiro Pé-Duro' and 'Pantaneiro') were collected during an experimental intoxication protocol and analyzed using headspace (HS)/GC-MS followed by multivariate analysis (genetic algorithm for a partial least squares, cluster analysis, and classification and regression trees). A total of 106 volatile organic metabolites were identified in the cerumen samples of bovines. The intoxication by S. rotundifolium influenced the cerumen volatolomic profile of the bovines throughout the intoxication protocol. In this way, it was possible to detect biomarkers for cattle intoxication. Among the biomarkers, 2-octyldecanol and 9-tetradecen-1-ol were able to discriminate all samples between intoxicated and nonintoxicated bovines. The cattle intoxication diagnosis by S. rotundifolium was accomplished by applying the cerumen analysis using HS/GC-MS, in an easy, accurate, and noninvasive way. Thus, the proposed bioanalytical chromatography protocol is a useful tool in veterinary applications to determine this kind of intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos G Barbosa
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Lurian C David
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Taynara C E Silva
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Danielly A Fortuna Lima
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Naiara Z Pereira
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel B D'Alessandro
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anselmo E de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (LQTC), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo H Jorge da Cunha
- Veterinary and Zootechnical School (EVZ), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Nelson R Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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23
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Song N, Zhu Y, Cui Y, Lv M, Tang Y, Cui Z, Dang G, Zheng H, Liu S. Vitamin B and Vitamin C Affect DNA Methylation and Amino Acid Metabolism in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 32390998 PMCID: PMC7188828 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamins are essential nutrients and key cofactors of enzymes that regulate cellular metabolism, and also activate the immune system. Recent studies have shown that vitamin B1 (VB 1) and vitamin C (Vc) can inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth, but the precise mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we have used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing to analyze the transcriptional, metabolic and methylation profiles of Mycobacterium bovis BCG when treated with VB 1 and Vc. Our results show that, after vitamin treatment, variant metabolites were mainly clustered in pathways related to amino acid metabolism. Treatment with both vitamins significantly up-regulated the gene encoding cysteine synthase A. Additionally, only BCG that was treated with VC showed m4c modifications. Genes harboring this methylation were up-regulated, suggesting that m4c methylation can promote gene transcription to some extent. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the effects of VB 1 and VC, and suggests that these vitamins constitute potential anti-tuberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guanghui Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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24
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Diagnosis of Bovine Respiratory Disease in feedlot cattle using blood 1H NMR metabolomics. Sci Rep 2020; 10:115. [PMID: 31924818 PMCID: PMC6954258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Current diagnosis methods for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) in feedlots have a low diagnostic accuracy. The current study aimed to search for blood biomarkers of BRD using 1H NMR metabolomics and determine their accuracy in diagnosing BRD. Animals with visual signs of BRD (n = 149) and visually healthy (non-BRD; n = 148) were sampled for blood metabolomics analysis. Lung lesions indicative of BRD were scored at slaughter. Non-targeted 1H NMR metabolomics was used to develop predictive algorithms for disease classification using classification and regression trees. In the absence of a gold standard for BRD diagnosis, six reference diagnosis methods were used to define an animal as BRD or non-BRD. Sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) were used to estimate diagnostic accuracy (Acc). Blood metabolomics demonstrated a high accuracy at diagnosing BRD when using visual signs of BRD (Acc = 0.85), however was less accurate at diagnosing BRD using rectal temperature (Acc = 0.65), lung auscultation score (Acc = 0.61) and lung lesions at slaughter as reference diagnosis methods (Acc = 0.71). Phenylalanine, lactate, hydroxybutyrate, tyrosine, citrate and leucine were identified as metabolites of importance in classifying animals as BRD or non-BRD. The blood metabolome classified BRD and non-BRD animals with high accuracy and shows potential for use as a BRD diagnosis tool.
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25
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RNA-Seq analysis of ileocecal valve and peripheral blood from Holstein cattle infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis revealed dysregulation of the CXCL8/IL8 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14845. [PMID: 31619718 PMCID: PMC6795908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis is chronic granulomatous enteritis of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). Whole RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a promising source of novel biomarkers for early MAP infection and disease progression in cattle. Since the blood transcriptome is widely used as a source of biomarkers, we analyzed whether it recapitulates, at least in part, the transcriptome of the ileocecal valve (ICV), the primary site of MAP colonization. Total RNA was prepared from peripheral blood (PB) and ICV samples, and RNA-Seq was used to compare gene expression between animals with focal or diffuse histopathological lesions in gut tissues versus control animals with no detectable signs of infection. Our results demonstrated both shared, and PB and ICV-specific gene expression in response to a natural MAP infection. As expected, the number of differentially expressed (DE) genes was larger in the ICV than in the PB samples. Among the DE genes in the PB and ICV samples, there were some common genes irrespective of the type of lesion including the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8/IL8), apolipoprotein L (APOLD1), and the interferon inducible protein 27 (IFI27). The biological processes (BP) enriched in the PB gene expression profiles from the cows with diffuse lesions included the killing of cells of other organism, defense response, immune response and the regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis. Two of these BP, the defense and immune response, were also enriched in the ICV from the cows with diffuse lesions. Metabolic analysis of the DE genes revealed that the N-glycan biosynthesis, bile secretion, one-carbon pool by folate and purine metabolism were significantly enriched in the ICV from the cows with focal lesions. In the ICV from cows with diffuse lesions; the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation route, purine metabolism, vitamin digestion and absorption and the cholesterol routes were enriched. Some of the identified DE genes, BP and metabolic pathways will be studied further to develop novel diagnostic tools, vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
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26
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D’Occhio MJ, Baruselli PS, Campanile G. Metabolic health, the metabolome and reproduction in female cattle: a review. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2019.1600385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. D’Occhio
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | - Pietro S. Baruselli
- Departamento de Reproducao Animal (VRA), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Campanile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Produzioni Animali, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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27
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Zhu C, Li C, Wang Y, Laghi L. Characterization of Yak Common Biofluids Metabolome by Means of Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Metabolites 2019; 9:E41. [PMID: 30832316 PMCID: PMC6468419 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profiles of yak (Bos grunniens) serum, feces, and urine by using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), to serve as a reference guide for the healthy yak milieu. A total of 108 metabolites, giving information about diet, protein digestion, and energy generation or gut-microbial co-metabolism, were assigned across the three biological matrices. A core metabolome of 15 metabolites was ubiquitous across all biofluids. Lactate, acetate, and creatinine could be regarded as the most abundant metabolites in the metabolome of serum, feces, and urine, respectively. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the molecules identified could be able to give thorough information about four main metabolic pathways, namely valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; glutamine and glutamate metabolism; and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Zhu
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Food, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, China.
| | - Yaning Wang
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
| | - Luca Laghi
- Department of Agro-Food Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, Italy.
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Hailemariam D, Zhang G, Mandal R, Wishart DS, Ametaj BN. Identification of serum metabolites associated with the risk of metritis in transition dairy cows. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify metabolite signatures that characterize metritis prior to, during, and after the disease incidence. Blood samples were collected from 100 Holstein cows at five time points before and after parturition. Six cows that developed metritis and 20 controls were selected for metabolomics analysis in a nested case-control study. Twenty nine serum metabolites were quantified using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy. Results showed that similar panels of metabolites differentiated pre-metritic and control cows at 8 and 4 wk prepartum. The top most important metabolites that differentiated the two groups of cows at 8 wk prepartum were oxalate, ornithine, pyroglutamic acid, d-mannose, and glutamic acid, and at 4 wk prepartum were ornithine, pyroglutamic acid, d-mannose, glutamic acid, and phosphoric acid, suggesting their potential use as risk biomarkers for metritis. Area under the curve with values of 1.0 and 0.969 at 8 and 4 wk, respectively, indicated that those panels of metabolites have a very high sensitivity and specificity to be used as risk biomarkers for metritis. Overall, results showed that specific serum metabolite signatures can be used to screen cows for susceptibility to metritis during the dry off period, and to better understand the etiopathobiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagnachew Hailemariam
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanshi Zhang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Rupasri Mandal
- Departments of Computer and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - David S. Wishart
- Departments of Computer and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Burim N. Ametaj
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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29
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Rodrigues FADP, Santos ADDC, de Medeiros PHQS, Prata MDMG, Santos TCDS, da Silva JA, Brito GADC, Dos Santos AA, Silveira ER, Lima AÂM, Havt A. Gingerol suppresses sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by modulating methylsulfonylmethane and dimethylamine production. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12154. [PMID: 30108263 PMCID: PMC6092401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and metabolic dysfunction are critical complications in sepsis syndrome; however, their pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated whether the pharmacological properties of 6-gingerol (6G) and 10-gingerol (10G) could modulate AKI and metabolic disruption in a rat model of sepsis (faecal peritonitis). Animals from the sham and AKI groups were intraperitoneally injected with 6G or 10G (25 mg/kg). Septic AKI decreased creatinine clearance and renal antioxidant activity, but enhanced oxidative stress and the renal mRNA levels of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and transforming growth factor-β. Both phenol compounds repaired kidney function through antioxidant activity related to decreased oxidative/nitrosative stress and proinflammatory cytokines. Metabolomics analysis indicated different metabolic profiles for the sham surgery group, caecal ligation and puncture model alone group, and sepsis groups treated with gingerols. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis detected important increases in urinary creatine, allantoin, and dimethylglycine levels in septic rats. However, dimethylamine and methylsulfonylmethane metabolites were more frequently detected in septic animals treated with 6G or 10G, and were associated with increased survival of septic animals. Gingerols attenuated septic AKI by decreasing renal disturbances, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response through a mechanism possibly correlated with increased production of dimethylamine and methylsulfonylmethane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mara de Moura Gondim Prata
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Armênio Aguiar Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Edilberto Rocha Silveira
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Aldo Ângelo Moreira Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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30
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Wood PL, Erol E, Hoffsis GF, Steinman M, DeBuck J. Serum lipidomics of bovine paratuberculosis: Disruption of choline-containing glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. SAGE Open Med 2018; 6:2050312118775302. [PMID: 29760920 PMCID: PMC5946597 DOI: 10.1177/2050312118775302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bovine paratuberculosis is a devastating infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis that ultimately results in death from malnutrition. While the infection is characterized by a long (2-4 years) subclinical phase with immune activation, ultimately host defense mechanisms fail and the bacteria spread from the small intestine to other organs. Since both the gastrointestinal tract and liver are essential for the biosynthesis of structural glycerophospholipids, we investigated the circulating levels of these lipids in field infections and experimentally infected cattle. METHODS Serum lipidomics of control and M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis-infected cattle were performed utilizing high-resolution mass spectrometry. RESULTS In M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis-positive cattle, demonstrating clinical signs, we monitored large decreases in the levels of circulating phosphocholine-containing lipids. These included phosphatidylcholines, choline plasmalogens, and sphingomyelins. Next, we monitored the time course of these lipid alterations in experimentally infected calves and found that altered lipid levels were only detected in cattle with clinical signs of infection. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that altered availability of choline-containing lipids occurs late in the disease process and is most likely a result of malnutrition and altered biosynthetic capacities of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Alterations in the bioavailability of these critical structural lipids presumably contributes to the demise of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis-infected cattle. In light of increasing concern that M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis may be a zoonotic bacterium that contributes to the development of Crohn's disease and multiple sclerosis, our data also have human clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Wood
- Metabolomics Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Erdal Erol
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Glen F Hoffsis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN, USA
| | - Margaret Steinman
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jeroen DeBuck
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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31
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Park HT, Park HE, Cho YI, Kim EH, Jung M, Shin SW, Lee SH, Kim DY, Yoo HS. Potential biomarkers as an indicator of vertical transmission of Johne's disease in a Korean native cattle farm. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:343-349. [PMID: 28385000 PMCID: PMC5583422 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.s1.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB) is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is one of the most widespread and economically important diseases in cattle. After birth, calves are raised with natural breast feeding without separation from their mothers in most Korean native cattle (Hanwoo breed) farms. Vertical transmission of PTB has been reported, but the exact PTB infection route has not been revealed in Hanwoo farms. Calves of MAP seropositive dams were tested for MAP presence and MAP antibodies in feces and tissues. MAP was detected in calf tissues by using polymerase chain reaction. Expressions of genes reported to be prognostic biomarkers of MAP infection changed in both calves and cows (p < 0.05). Expression of two genes (HGF and SERPINE1) were significantly decreased in MAP-infected cattle and their offspring (p < 0.01). The results suggest that biomarker gene expression profiles can be useful in detecting early stage MAP infection. Based on the results, complete eradication of MAP may be possible if accurate diagnostic methods to detect infected calves are added to the current PTB eradication strategy, which, because infected individuals are likely to develop into fecal MAP shedders at any time, includes isolation of new born calves and feeding sterilized colostrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tae Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Suncheon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Eui-Hyung Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25340, Korea
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung Won Shin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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32
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Evangelatos N, Bauer P, Reumann M, Satyamoorthy K, Lehrach H, Brand A. Metabolomics in Sepsis and Its Impact on Public Health. Public Health Genomics 2018; 20:274-285. [PMID: 29353273 DOI: 10.1159/000486362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, with its often devastating consequences for patients and their families, remains a major public health concern that poses an increasing financial burden. Early resuscitation together with the elucidation of the biological pathways and pathophysiological mechanisms with the use of "-omics" technologies have started changing the clinical and research landscape in sepsis. Metabolomics (i.e., the study of the metabolome), an "-omics" technology further down in the "-omics" cascade between the genome and the phenome, could be particularly fruitful in sepsis research with the potential to alter the clinical practice. Apart from its benefit for the individual patient, metabolomics has an impact on public health that extends beyond its applications in medicine. In this review, we present recent developments in metabolomics research in sepsis, with a focus on pneumonia, and we discuss the impact of metabolomics on public health, with a focus on free/libre open source software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Evangelatos
- Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.,UNU-MERIT (Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Pia Bauer
- Intensive Care Medicine Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Allergology and Sleep Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reumann
- UNU-MERIT (Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,IBM Research - Zurich, Rueschlikon, Switzerland
| | | | - Hans Lehrach
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angela Brand
- UNU-MERIT (Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Public Health Genomics, Department of International Health, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Manipal University, Madhav Nagar, Manipal, India
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33
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Whittington RJ, Begg DJ, de Silva K, Purdie AC, Dhand NK, Plain KM. Case definition terminology for paratuberculosis (Johne's disease). BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:328. [PMID: 29121939 PMCID: PMC5680782 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1254-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is an economically significant condition caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. However, difficulties in diagnosis and classification of individual animals with the condition have hampered research and impeded efforts to halt its progressive spread in the global livestock industry. Descriptive terms applied to individual animals and herds such as exposed, infected, diseased, clinical, sub-clinical, infectious and resistant need to be defined so that they can be incorporated consistently into well-understood and reproducible case definitions. These allow for consistent classification of individuals in a population for the purposes of analysis based on accurate counts. The outputs might include the incidence of cases, frequency distributions of the number of cases by age class or more sophisticated analyses involving statistical comparisons of immune responses in vaccine development studies, or gene frequencies or expression data from cases and controls in genomic investigations. It is necessary to have agreed definitions in order to be able to make valid comparisons and meta-analyses of experiments conducted over time by a given researcher, in different laboratories, by different researchers, and in different countries. In this paper, terms are applied systematically in an hierarchical flow chart to enable classification of individual animals. We propose descriptive terms for different stages in the pathogenesis of paratuberculosis to enable their use in different types of studies and to enable an independent assessment of the extent to which accepted definitions for stages of disease have been applied consistently in any given study. This will assist in the general interpretation of data between studies, and will facilitate future meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Whittington
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - D. J. Begg
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - K. de Silva
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - A. C. Purdie
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - N. K. Dhand
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
| | - K. M. Plain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden, NSW 2570 Australia
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34
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Barkema HW, Orsel K, Nielsen SS, Koets AP, Rutten VPMG, Bannantine JP, Keefe GP, Kelton DF, Wells SJ, Whittington RJ, Mackintosh CG, Manning EJ, Weber MF, Heuer C, Forde TL, Ritter C, Roche S, Corbett CS, Wolf R, Griebel PJ, Kastelic JP, De Buck J. Knowledge gaps that hamper prevention and control of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:125-148. [PMID: 28941207 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, many regional and country-wide control programmes for Johne's disease (JD) were developed due to associated economic losses, or because of a possible association with Crohn's disease. These control programmes were often not successful, partly because management protocols were not followed, including the introduction of infected replacement cattle, because tests to identify infected animals were unreliable, and uptake by farmers was not high enough because of a perceived low return on investment. In the absence of a cure or effective commercial vaccines, control of JD is currently primarily based on herd management strategies to avoid infection of cattle and restrict within-farm and farm-to-farm transmission. Although JD control programmes have been implemented in most developed countries, lessons learned from JD prevention and control programmes are underreported. Also, JD control programmes are typically evaluated in a limited number of herds and the duration of the study is less than 5 year, making it difficult to adequately assess the efficacy of control programmes. In this manuscript, we identify the most important gaps in knowledge hampering JD prevention and control programmes, including vaccination and diagnostics. Secondly, we discuss directions that research should take to address those knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - K Orsel
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S S Nielsen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A P Koets
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - V P M G Rutten
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa
| | | | - G P Keefe
- University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | | | - S J Wells
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - M F Weber
- GD Animal Health, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - C Heuer
- Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - C Ritter
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Roche
- University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - C S Corbett
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Wolf
- Amt der Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, Graz, Austria
| | | | - J P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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35
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Park HE, Park HT, Jung YH, Yoo HS. Establishment a real-time reverse transcription PCR based on host biomarkers for the detection of the subclinical cases of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178336. [PMID: 28542507 PMCID: PMC5444815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine paratuberculosis (PTB) is a chronic enteric inflammatory disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that causes large economic losses in the dairy industry. Spread of PTB is mainly provoked by a long subclinical stage during which MAP is shed into the environment with feces; accordingly, detection of subclinical animals is very important to its control. However, current diagnostic methods are not suitable for detection of subclinical animals. Therefore, the current study was conducted to develop a diagnostic method for analysis of the expression of genes of prognostic potential biomarker candidates in the whole blood of cattle naturally infected with MAP. Real-time PCR with nine potential biomarker candidates was developed for the diagnosis of MAP subclinical infection. Animals were divided into four groups based on fecal MAP PCR and serum ELISA. Eight genes (Timp1, Hp, Serpine1, Tfrc, Mmp9, Defb1, Defb10, and S100a8) were up-regulated in MAP-infected cattle (p <0.05). Moreover, ROC analysis revealed that eight genes (Timp1, Hp, Serpine1, Tfrc, Mmp9, Defb1, Defb10, and S100a8) showed fair diagnostic performance (AUC≥0.8). Four biomarkers (Timp1, S100a8, Defb1, and Defb10) showed the highest diagnostic accuracy in the PCR positive and ELISA negative group (PN group) and three biomarkers (Tfrc, Hp, and Serpine1) showed the highest diagnostic accuracy in the PCR negative and ELISA positive group (NP group). Moreover, three biomarkers (S100a8, Hp, and Defb10) were considered the most reliable for the PCR positive and ELISA positive group (PP group). Taken together, our data suggest that real-time PCR based on eight biomarkers (Timp1, Hp, Serpine1, Tfrc, Mmp9, Defb1, Defb10, and S100a8) might be useful for diagnosis of JD, including subclinical stage cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Tae Park
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- Department of Animal Resoures Devlopment, National Instiute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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36
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Jiang Z, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Yang J, Zhang L. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and chemometric analysis of licorice based on the simultaneous determination of saponins and flavonoids. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:2928-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzuo Jiang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- School of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
- Research and Development Center of TCM; Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine; Tianjin P. R. China
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Abstract
Until recently, the study of mycobacterial diseases was trapped in culture-based technology that is more than a century old. The use of nucleic acid amplification is changing this, and powerful new technologies are on the horizon. Metabolomics, which is the study of sets of metabolites of both the bacteria and host, is being used to clarify mechanisms of disease, and can identify changes leading to better diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of mycobacterial diseases. Metabolomic profiles are arrays of biochemical products of genes in their environment. These complex patterns are biomarkers that can allow a more complete understanding of cell function, dysfunction, and perturbation than genomics or proteomics. Metabolomics could herald sweeping advances in personalized medicine and clinical trial design, but the challenges in metabolomics are also great. Measured metabolite concentrations vary with the timing within a condition, the intrinsic biology, the instruments, and the sample preparation. Metabolism profoundly changes with age, sex, variations in gut microbial flora, and lifestyle. Validation of biomarkers is complicated by measurement accuracy, selectivity, linearity, reproducibility, robustness, and limits of detection. The statistical challenges include analysis, interpretation, and description of the vast amount of data generated. Despite these drawbacks, metabolomics provides great opportunity and the potential to understand and manage mycobacterial diseases.
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38
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Hempel RJ, Bannantine JP, Stabel JR. Transcriptional Profiling of Ileocecal Valve of Holstein Dairy Cows Infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153932. [PMID: 27093613 PMCID: PMC4836751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Johne’s disease is a chronic infection of the small intestine caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), an intracellular bacterium. The events of pathogen survival within the host cell(s), chronic inflammation and the progression from asymptomatic subclinical stage to an advanced clinical stage of infection, are poorly understood. This study examines gene expression in the ileocecal valve (ICV) of Holstein dairy cows at different stages of MAP infection. The ICV is known to be a primary site of MAP colonization and provides an ideal location to identify genes that are relevant to the progression of this disease. RNA was prepared from ICV tissues and RNA-Seq was used to compare gene transcription between clinical, subclinical, and uninfected control animals. Interpretation of the gene expression data was performed using pathway analysis and gene ontology categories containing multiple differentially expressed genes. Results demonstrated that many of the pathways that had strong differential gene expression between uninfected control and clinical cows were related to the immune system, such as the T- and B-cell receptor signaling, apoptosis, NOD-like receptor signaling, and leukocyte transendothelial migration pathways. In contrast, the comparison of gene transcription between control and subclinical cows identified pathways that were primarily involved in metabolism. The results from the comparison between clinical and subclinical animals indicate recruitment of neutrophils, up regulation of lysosomal peptidases, increase in immune cell transendothelial migration, and modifications of the extracelluar matrix. This study provides important insight into how cattle respond to a natural MAP infection at the gene transcription level within a key target tissue for infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy J. Hempel
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - John P. Bannantine
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service (ARS), National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Derakhshani H, De Buck J, Mortier R, Barkema HW, Krause DO, Khafipour E. The Features of Fecal and Ileal Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in Dairy Calves during Early Infection with Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:426. [PMID: 27065983 PMCID: PMC4814471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic tests for Johne's disease (JD), a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), lack the sensitivity to identify infected animals at early (asymptomatic) stages of the disease. The objective was to determine the pattern of MAP-associated dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota as a potential biomarker for early detection of infected cattle. To that end, genomic DNA was extracted from ileal mucosa and fecal samples collected from 28 MAP-positive and five control calves. High-throughput Illumina sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was used for community profiling of ileal mucosa-associated (MAM) or fecal microbiota. The PERMANOVA analysis of unweighted UniFrac distances revealed distinct clustering of ileal MAM (P = 0.049) and fecal microbiota (P = 0.068) in MAP-infected vs. control cattle. Microbiota profile of MAP-infected animals was further investigated by linear discriminant analysis effective size (LEfSe); several bacterial taxa within the phylum Proteobacteria were overrepresented in ileal MAM of control calves. Moreover, based on reconstructed metagenomes (PICRUSt) of ileal MAM, functional pathways associated with MAP infection were inferred. Enrichment of lysine and histidine metabolism pathways, and underrepresentation of glutathione metabolism and leucine and isoleucine degradation pathways in MAP-infected calves suggested potential contributions of ileal MAM in development of intestinal inflammation. Finally, simultaneous overrepresentation of families Planococcaceae and Paraprevotellaceae, as well as underrepresentation of genera Faecalibacterium and Akkermansia in the fecal microbiota of infected cattle, served as potential biomarker for identifying infected cattle during subclinical stages of JD. Collectively, based on compositional and functional shifts in intestinal microbiota of infected cattle, we inferred that this dynamic network of microorganisms had an active role in intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Derakhshani
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rienske Mortier
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Denis O Krause
- Department of Animal Science, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Animal Science, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of ManitobaWinnipeg, MB, Canada
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Mortier RAR, Barkema HW, De Buck J. Susceptibility to and diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in dairy calves: A review. Prev Vet Med 2015; 121:189-98. [PMID: 26321657 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The primary objectives of paratuberculosis control programs are reducing exposure of calves to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), reducing herd infection pressure and regular testing of cattle >36 months of age. Although control programs based on these principles have reduced prevalence of MAP infection in dairy herds, they have generally not eliminated the infection. Recent infection trial(s) have yielded new knowledge regarding diagnostic testing and age- and dose-dependent susceptibility to MAP infection. Calves up to 1 year of age are still susceptible to MAP infection; therefore, control programs should refrain from referring to specific ages with respect to susceptibility and prevention of new infections. Notwithstanding, lesions were more severe when calves were inoculated at 2 weeks versus 1 year of age. Furthermore, a high inoculation dose resulted in more pronounced lesions than a low inoculation dose, especially in young calves. Consequently, keeping infection pressure low should decrease the incidence of new MAP infections and severity of JD in cattle that do acquire the infection. It was also evident that early diagnosis of MAP infection was possible and could improve efficacy of control programs. Although its use will still need to be validated in the field, a combination of antibody ELISA and fecal culture in young stock, in addition to testing cattle >36 months of age when screening a herd for paratuberculosis, was expected to improve detection of dairy cattle infected with MAP. Although calves were inoculated using a standardized method in a controlled environment, there were substantial differences among calves with regards to immune response, shedding and pathology. Therefore, we inferred there were genetic differences in susceptibility. Important insights were derived from experimental infection trials. Therefore, it was expected that these could improve paratuberculosis control programs by reducing severity and incidence of JD by lowering infection pressure on-farm, and reducing exposure of young calves and older cattle. Furthermore, an earlier diagnosis could be achieved by combining ELISA and fecal shedding in young stock, in addition to testing cattle >36 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rienske A R Mortier
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Sechi LA, Dow CT. Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis Zoonosis - The Hundred Year War - Beyond Crohn's Disease. Front Immunol 2015; 6:96. [PMID: 25788897 PMCID: PMC4349160 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The factitive role of Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Crohn's disease has been debated for more than a century. The controversy is due to the fact that Crohn's disease is so similar to a disease of MAP-infected ruminant animals, Johne's disease; and, though MAP can be readily detected in the infected ruminants, it is much more difficult to detect in humans. Molecular techniques that can detect MAP in pathologic Crohn's specimens as well as dedicated specialty labs successful in culturing MAP from Crohn's patients have provided strong argument for MAP's role in Crohn's disease. Perhaps more incriminating for MAP as a zoonotic agent is the increasing number of diseases with which MAP has been related: Blau syndrome, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto thyroiditis, and multiple sclerosis. In this article, we debate about genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial infection and human exposure to MAP; moreover, it suggests that molecular mimicry between protein epitopes of MAP and human proteins is a likely bridge between infection and these autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Sechi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari , Sassari , Italy
| | - Coad Thomas Dow
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin , Madison, WI , USA ; Chippewa Valley Eye Clinic , Eau Claire, WI , USA
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McNees AL, Markesich D, Zayyani NR, Graham DY. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis as a cause of Crohn's disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:1523-34. [PMID: 26474349 PMCID: PMC4894645 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1093931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown cause, affecting approximately 1.4 million North American people. Due to the similarities between Crohn's disease and Johne's disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminant animals caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) infection, MAP has long been considered to be a potential cause of Crohn's disease. MAP is an obligate intracellular pathogen that cannot replicate outside of animal hosts. MAP is widespread in dairy cattle and because of environmental contamination and resistance to pasteurization and chlorination, humans are frequently exposed through contamination of food and water. MAP can be cultured from the peripheral mononuclear cells from 50-100% of patients with Crohn's disease, and less frequently from healthy individuals. Association does not prove causation. We discuss the current data regarding MAP as a potential cause of Crohn's disease and outline what data will be required to firmly prove or disprove the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne L. McNees
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Najah R. Zayyani
- Bahrain Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center at Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - David Y. Graham
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas USA
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Yang Y, Han Z, Wang Y, Wang L, Pan S, Liang S, Wang S. Plasma metabonomic analysis reveals the effects of salvianic acid on alleviating acute alcoholic liver damage. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00823a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study analysed acute alcohol-induced metabolic changes and explored the metabolic regulation mechanism of SA treatment by using 1H NMR-based metabonomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxia Yang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Han
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yaling Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Linlin Wang
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Sina Pan
- School of Basic Courses
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Shengwang Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
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