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Lackner K, Ebner S, Watschinger K, Maglione M. Multiple Shades of Gray-Macrophages in Acute Allograft Rejection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098257. [PMID: 37175964 PMCID: PMC10179242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term results following solid organ transplantation do not mirror the excellent short-term results achieved in recent decades. It is therefore clear that current immunosuppressive maintenance protocols primarily addressing the adaptive immune system no longer meet the required clinical need. Identification of novel targets addressing this shortcoming is urgently needed. There is a growing interest in better understanding the role of the innate immune system in this context. In this review, we focus on macrophages, which are known to prominently infiltrate allografts and, during allograft rejection, to be involved in the surge of the adaptive immune response by expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and direct cytotoxicity. However, this active participation is janus-faced and unspecific targeting of macrophages may not consider the different subtypes involved. Under this premise, we give an overview on macrophages, including their origins, plasticity, and important markers. We then briefly describe their role in acute allograft rejection, which ranges from sustaining injury to promoting tolerance, as well as the impact of maintenance immunosuppressants on macrophages. Finally, we discuss the observed immunosuppressive role of the vitamin-like compound tetrahydrobiopterin and the recent findings that suggest the innate immune system, particularly macrophages, as its target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Lackner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Susanne Ebner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Canever JB, Fontanela LC, Hendler KG, Vieceli A, Barbosa RI, Kuriki HU, Aguiar Júnior AS, das Neves LMS, de Cássia Registro Fonseca M, Marcolino AM. Viability of transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap treated with photobiomodulation and therapeutic ultrasound: an experimental model. Lasers Med Sci 2021; 37:461-470. [PMID: 33725203 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-021-03283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Report the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) and therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) on the viability of TRAM in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five mice Swiss were subjected to treatment for 5 days. Group 1, treatment was performed with the agents switched off. Groups 2 to 5 were treated with different wavelengths 660 and 830 nanometers (nm) and groups 6 to 11 with TUS of 1 and 3 MHz frequency. Macrometric analyses were performed using a specific camera and analyzed by the ImageJ® software. Thermographic analyses were performed with the Flir C2 and analyzed using the FLIR Tools software. RESULTS Group 9 obtained 95% of viable area on the 3rd day and 85% on the 5th day, showing the effectiveness of the TUS in the flap viability. Regarding skin temperature, there was a difference only in the immediate postoperative period in group 1, which had a lower temperature than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS TUS demonstrated greater efficiency in maintaining the viability of TRAM. PBM 830 nm also demonstrated good results in the viability of TRAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelini Betta Canever
- Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Health Sciences, Center Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Jardim das Avenidas, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Ararangua, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Laís Coan Fontanela
- Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Health Sciences, Center Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Jardim das Avenidas, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Ararangua, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Ketlyn Germann Hendler
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, SC, Brazil
| | - Aline Vieceli
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael Inácio Barbosa
- Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Health Sciences, Center Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Jardim das Avenidas, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Ararangua, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, SC, Brazil
| | - Heloyse Uliam Kuriki
- Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Health Sciences, Center Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Jardim das Avenidas, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Ararangua, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, SC, Brazil
| | - Aderbal Silva Aguiar Júnior
- Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Health Sciences, Center Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Jardim das Avenidas, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Ararangua, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, SC, Brazil
| | - Laís Mara Siqueira das Neves
- Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Health Sciences, Center Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Jardim das Avenidas, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Ararangua, SC, 88906-072, Brazil
| | - Marisa de Cássia Registro Fonseca
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance of the Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Marcio Marcolino
- Laboratory of Assessment and Rehabilitation of the Locomotor Apparatus, Department of Health Sciences, Center Araranguá, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Jardim das Avenidas, Rod. Gov. Jorge Lacerda, 3201, Ararangua, SC, 88906-072, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, SC, Brazil.
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Cardini B, Oberhuber R, Hein SR, Eiter R, Hermann M, Kofler M, Schneeberger S, Brandacher G, Maglione M. Mouse Model for Pancreas Transplantation Using a Modified Cuff Technique. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286474 PMCID: PMC5755595 DOI: 10.3791/54998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse models have several advantages in transplantation research, including easy handling, a variety of genetically well-defined strains, and the availability of the widest range of molecular probes and reagents to perform in vivo as well as in vitro studies. Based on our experience with various murine transplantation models, we developed a heterotopic pancreas transplantation model in mice with the intent to analyze mechanisms underlying severe ischemia reperfusion injury-associated early graft damage. In contrast to previously described techniques using suture techniques, herein we describe a new procedure using a non-suture cuff technique. In recent years, we have performed more than 300 pancreas transplantations in mice with an overall success rate of >90%, a success rate never described before in mouse pancreas transplantation. The backbone of this non-suture cuff technique for graft revascularization consists of two major steps: (I) pulling the recipient vessel over a polyethylene/polyamide cuff and fixing it with a circumferential ligature, and (II) placing the donor vessel over the everted recipient vessel and fixing it with a second circumferential ligature. The resultant continuity of the endothelial layer results in less thrombogenic lesions with high patency rates and, finally, high success rates. In this model, arterial anastomosis is achieved by pulling the abdominal aorta of the donor graft over the everted common carotid artery of the recipient animal. Venous drainage of the graft is achieved by pulling the portal vein of the graft over the everted external jugular vein of the recipient. This manuscript provides details and crucial steps of the organ recovery and organ implantation procedures, which will allow researchers with microsurgical skills to perform the transplantation successfully in their laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Cardini
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck
| | - Rupert Oberhuber
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck
| | - Sven R Hein
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck
| | - Rebecca Eiter
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck
| | - Markus Kofler
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Stefan Schneeberger
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Center of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck;
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Oberhuber R, Riede G, Cardini B, Bernhard D, Messner B, Watschinger K, Steger C, Brandacher G, Pratschke J, Golderer G, Werner ER, Maglione M. Impaired Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Homodimer Formation Triggers Development of Transplant Vasculopathy - Insights from a Murine Aortic Transplantation Model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37917. [PMID: 27883078 PMCID: PMC5121662 DOI: 10.1038/srep37917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplant vasculopathy (TV) represents a major obstacle to long-term graft survival and correlates with severity of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Donor administration of the nitric oxide synthases (NOS) co-factor tetrahydrobiopterin has been shown to prevent IRI. Herein, we analysed whether tetrahydrobiopterin is also involved in TV development. Using a fully allogeneic mismatched (BALB/c to C57BL/6) murine aortic transplantation model grafts subjected to long cold ischemia time developed severe TV with intimal hyperplasia (α-smooth muscle actin positive cells in the neointima) and endothelial activation (increased P-selectin expression). Donor pretreatment with tetrahydrobiopterin significantly minimised these changes resulting in only marginal TV development. Severe TV observed in the non-treated group was associated with increased protein oxidation and increased occurrence of endothelial NOS monomers in the aortic grafts already during graft procurement. Tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation of the donor prevented all these early oxidative changes in the graft. Non-treated allogeneic grafts without cold ischemia time and syngeneic grafts did not develop any TV. We identified early protein oxidation and impaired endothelial NOS homodimer formation as plausible mechanistic explanation for the crucial role of IRI in triggering TV in transplanted aortic grafts. Therefore, targeting endothelial NOS in the donor represents a promising strategy to minimise TV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Oberhuber
- Centre of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Riede
- Centre of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Benno Cardini
- Centre of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Bernhard
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Messner
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Vienna Medical University, Austria
| | - Katrin Watschinger
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Steger
- Institute of Pathology, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Centre of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Centre of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of General-, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, Charité, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Golderer
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ernst R. Werner
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Maglione
- Centre of Operative Medicine, Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Albuquerque FLDA, Neves LMSD, Guirro ECDO. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation in different regions in the viability of myocutaneous flaps. J Ther Ultrasound 2016; 4:25. [PMID: 27785362 PMCID: PMC5073789 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-016-0069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has presented good results in the healing of chronic wounds. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of LIPUS on the viability of transverse rectus abdominal muscle (TRAM) flap in different regions (central and epigastric) in rats. Methods Twenty-one Wistar male rats were homogeneously distributed into three groups as follows: group 1 (control), animals submitted to surgery only; group 2, animals submitted to surgery and application of LIPUS at the center of the flap; and group 3, animals submitted to surgery and application of LIPUS at the flap area corresponding to the right inferior epigastric artery pedicle. Stimulation was performed immediately after the surgery and within the following 2 days. The percentage of flap necrosis was evaluated by using the ImageJ® software as well as by measuring the temperature variation with infrared thermography (FLIR® T300). Results In the percentage calculation of the necrosis area, the application of LIPUS at the center of the flap (group 2) showed significantly smaller difference (26.2 %) compared to group 1 (54.50 %) and group 3 (44.01 %). Analysis of the temperature variation between the groups was performed by using the one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The results showed that both forms of LIPUS application showed significant differences compared to the control group. Conclusions In view of our results, one can conclude that the application of LIPUS at the center of the flap was effective for the viability of TRAM flap in reducing the necrosis area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Luiza de Almeida Albuquerque
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP: 14049-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lais Mara Siqueira das Neves
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP: 14049-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Elaine Caldeira de Oliveira Guirro
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of São Paulo, Avenue Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, CEP: 14049-900 São Paulo Brazil
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