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Gao Z, Pu H, Liu J, Wang X, Zhong C, Yue N, Zhang Z, Wang XB, Han C, Yu J, Li D, Zhang Y. Tobacco Necrosis Virus-A C Single Coat Protein Amino Acid Substitutions Determine Host-Specific Systemic Infections of Nicotiana benthamiana and Soybean. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:49-61. [PMID: 32986512 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-20-0184-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses often infect several distinct host species. Sometimes, viruses can systemically infect a specific host whereas, in other cases, only local infections occur in other species. How viral and host factors interact to determine systemic infections among different hosts is largely unknown, particularly for icosahedral positive-stranded RNA viruses. The Tobacco necrosis virus-A Chinese isolate belongs to the genus Alphanecrovirus in the family Tombusviridae. In this study, we investigated variations in systemic infections of tobacco necrosis virus-AC (TNV-AC) in Nicotiana benthamiana and Glycine max (soybean) by alanine-scanning mutagenesis of the viral coat protein (CP), which is essential for systemic movement of TNV-AC. We found that three amino acids, R169, K177, and Q233, are key residues that mediate varying degrees of systemic infections of N. benthamiana and soybean. Further analysis revealed that variations in systemic trafficking of TNV-AC CP mutants in N. benthamiana and soybean are associated with virion assembly and stability. The CP amino acids K177 and Q233 are highly conserved among all TNV-A isolates and are replaced by Q and K in the TNV-D isolates. We demonstrated that systemic infectivity of either TNV-AC K177A and Q233A or K177Q and Q233K mutants are correlated with the binding affinity of the mutated CPs to the host-specific Hsc70-2 protein. These results expand our understanding of host-dependent long-distance movement of icosahedral viruses in plants.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Heng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ning Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ziding Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
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Wu C, Kannan S, Verma CS, Swaminathan K, Wong SM. Molecular modeling and interaction between Arabidopsis sulfite oxidase and the GW motif of Turnip crinkle virus coat protein. Virology 2020; 551:64-74. [PMID: 33038689 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous study has shown that Hibiscus sulfite oxidase (SO) interacts with Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV) coat protein (CP) and triggers sulfur enhanced defense (SED). In this study, we show the interaction of Arabidopsis SO (AtSO) and Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) CP in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. We identified the binding sites of TCV CP (W274) and AtSO (D223) using bioinformatics and confirmed it experimentally. Mutation of binding site W274 to A274 in TCV CP resulted in failure of TCV infection. TCV accumulation in SO over-expression (SO_OE) plants was lower than that in wild-type (WT) and SO knock-out (SO_KO) plants at 7 dpi but reached a level similar to that of WT and SO_KO plants at 10 dpi. AtSO competed with Argonaute 1 (AGO1) for TCV CP binding in vitro. AtSO may serve as an anti-viral factor through sequestering TCV CP for binding with AGO1 and confers virus resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore
| | | | - Chandra S Verma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore; Bioinformatics Institute (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis St, 07-01 Matrix, 138671, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Dr, 637551, Singapore
| | - Kunchithapadam Swaminathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore.
| | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, 117558, Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link Road, 117604, Singapore; National University of Singapore Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
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The atomic structures of shrimp nodaviruses reveal new dimeric spike structures and particle polymorphism. Commun Biol 2019; 2:72. [PMID: 30820467 PMCID: PMC6382870 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp nodaviruses, including Penaeus vannamei (PvNV) and Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodaviruses (MrNV), cause white-tail disease in shrimps, with high mortality. The viral capsid structure determines viral assembly and host specificity during infections. Here, we show cryo-EM structures of T = 3 and T = 1 PvNV-like particles (PvNV-LPs), crystal structures of the protrusion-domains (P-domains) of PvNV and MrNV, and the crystal structure of the ∆N-ARM-PvNV shell-domain (S-domain) in T = 1 subviral particles. The capsid protein of PvNV reveals five domains: the P-domain with a new jelly-roll structure forming cuboid-like spikes; the jelly-roll S-domain with two calcium ions; the linker between the S- and P-domains exhibiting new cross and parallel conformations; the N-arm interacting with nucleotides organized along icosahedral two-fold axes; and a disordered region comprising the basic N-terminal arginine-rich motif (N-ARM) interacting with RNA. The N-ARM controls T = 3 and T = 1 assemblies. Increasing the N/C-termini flexibility leads to particle polymorphism. Linker flexibility may influence the dimeric-spike arrangement. Nai-Chi Chen et al. solved the structures of two shrimp nodaviruses, focusing on the major domains to improve understanding of capsid organization. By combining cryo-EM and x-ray crystallography, the authors were able to observe the structures at a high resolution.
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Zheng GH, Liao FR, Ye T, Zhang WZ, Ming YL. First Report of Hibiscus Chlorotic Ringspot Virus Infecting Hibiscus in Fujian Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:PDIS01180117PDN. [PMID: 30102110 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-18-0117-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G H Zheng
- Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden, National Plant Introduction Quarantine Base, Key Laboratory of Xiamen City for Plant Introduction/Quarantine and Plant Product, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - F R Liao
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Xiamen Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xiamen, 361026, China
| | - T Ye
- Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, 361006, China
| | - W Z Zhang
- Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden, National Plant Introduction Quarantine Base, Key Laboratory of Xiamen City for Plant Introduction/Quarantine and Plant Product, Xiamen 361002, China
| | - Y L Ming
- Xiamen Overseas Chinese Subtropical Plant Introduction Garden, National Plant Introduction Quarantine Base, Key Laboratory of Xiamen City for Plant Introduction/Quarantine and Plant Product, Xiamen 361002, China
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Scheets K. Analysis of gene functions in Maize chlorotic mottle virus. Virus Res 2016; 222:71-79. [PMID: 27242072 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene functions of strains of Maize chlorotic mottle virus, which comprises the monotypic genus Machlomovirus, have not been previously identified. In this study mutagenesis of the seven genes encoded in maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) showed that the genes with positional and sequence similarity to their homologs in viruses of related tombusvirid genera had similar functions. p50 and its readthrough protein p111 are the only proteins required for replication in maize protoplasts, and they function at a low level in trans. Two movement proteins, p7a and p7b, and coat protein, encoded on subgenomic RNA1, are required for cell-to-cell movement in maize, and p7a and p7b function in trans. A unique protein, p31, expressed as a readthrough extension of p7a, is required for efficient systemic infection. The 5' proximal MCMV gene encodes a unique 32kDa protein that is not required for replication or movement. Transcripts lacking p32 expression accumulate to about 1/3 the level of wild type transcripts in protoplasts and produce delayed, mild infections in maize plants. Additional studies on p32, p31 and the unique amino-terminal region of p50 are needed to further characterize the life cycle of this unique tombusvirid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Scheets
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, 301 Physical Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078-3013, USA.
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Zhao X, Wang X, Dong K, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang X, Han C, Yu J, Li D. Phosphorylation of Beet black scorch virus coat protein by PKA is required for assembly and stability of virus particles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11585. [PMID: 26108567 PMCID: PMC4479801 DOI: 10.1038/srep11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant virus coat proteins (CPs) play a fundamental role in protection of genomic RNAs, virion assembly, and viral movement. Although phosphorylation of several CPs during virus infection have been reported, little information is available about CP phosphorylation of the spherical RNA plant viruses. Here, we demonstrate that the CP of Beet black scorch virus (BBSV), a member of the genus Necrovirus, can be phosphorylated at threonine-41 (T41) by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-like kinase in vivo and in vitro. Mutant viruses containing a T41A non-phosphorylatable alanine substitution, and a T41E glutamic acid substitution to mimic threonine phosphorylation were able to replicate but were unable to move systemically in Nicotiana benthamiana. Interestingly, the T41A and T41E mutants generated unstable 17 nm virus-like particles that failed to package viral genomic (g) RNA, compared with wild-type BBSV with 30 nm virions during viral infection in N. benthamiana. Further analyses showed that the T41 mutations had little effect on the gRNA-binding activity of the CP. Therefore, we propose a model whereby CP phosphorylation plays an essential role in long-distance movement of BBSV that involves formation of stable virions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xianbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenggui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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