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Oghabian MA, Fatemidokht A, Haririchian MH. Quantification of Blood-Brain-Barrier Permeability Dysregulation and Inflammatory Activity in MS Lesions by Dynamic-Contrast Enhanced MR Imaging. Basic Clin Neurosci 2022; 13:117-128. [PMID: 36589018 PMCID: PMC9790105 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.2022.575.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: blood-brain-barrier perfusion characterization impaired in MS as some studies have shown recently but a comparison between perfusion parameters in contrast-enhanced and non-enhanced lesions not have been well documented. Pharmacokinetic quantitative parameters have obtained from dynamic contrast-enhanced in magnetic resonance imaging is a useful way to quantify blood-brain barrier permeability leakage. Methods MR examination was performed on 28 patients with Relapsing-remitted Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) with (Mean±SD age: 34.7±9.28) which had multiple lesions in the brain.3D dynamic T1-weighted spoiled gradient echo was obtained and Perfusion parameters and its map assessed in enhanced and non-enhanced lesions after intravascular injection differences in parameters and map obtained by analyzing ROI in Extended Toft model. Results permeability as measured Krtans was a significantly higher value in CE to compare NE lesions. Ktrans and Kep have significant differences in NAWM and CE and NE lesions. Vb was slightly different in NE and CE lesions. Conclusion Permeability measured as Ktrans was the good parameter to show permeability impairment of BBB in CE lesions. Dysregulation in BBB is an acceptable sign to indicate existence inflammation in CE lesions. Highlights Multiple Sclerosis,Inflammation,Blood-brain-barrier dysregulation. Plain Language Summary Inflammation activity in MS patients has an important role to cause BBB dysfunction.in this article to achieve results to confirm the inflammation importance in MS patients with acute lesions. MRI modality have been used and with comparison between acute and chronic lesions and NAWM of MS patient's presence of inflammation have been proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Oghabian
- Department of Neuroimaging and Analysis, Research Center for Cellular and Molecular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asieh Fatemidokht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Haririchian
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Assessing the reproducibility of high temporal and spatial resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with gliomas. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23217. [PMID: 34853347 PMCID: PMC8636480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02450-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Temporal and spatial resolution of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DCE-MRI) is critical to reproducibility, and the reproducibility of high-resolution (HR) DCE-MRI was evaluated. Thirty consecutive patients suspected to have brain tumors were prospectively enrolled with written informed consent. All patients underwent both HR-DCE (voxel size, 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 mm3; scan interval, 1.6 s) and conventional DCE (C-DCE; voxel size, 1.25 × 1.25 × 3.0 mm3; scan interval, 4.0 s) MRI. Regions of interests (ROIs) for enhancing lesions were segmented twice in each patient with glioblastoma (n = 7) to calculate DCE parameters (Ktrans, Vp, and Ve). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) of DCE parameters were obtained. In patients with gliomas (n = 25), arterial input functions (AIFs) and DCE parameters derived from T2 hyperintense lesions were obtained, and DCE parameters were compared according to WHO grades. ICCs of HR-DCE parameters were good to excellent (0.84–0.95), and ICCs of C-DCE parameters were moderate to excellent (0.66–0.96). Maximal signal intensity and wash-in slope of AIFs from HR-DCE MRI were significantly greater than those from C-DCE MRI (31.85 vs. 7.09 and 2.14 vs. 0.63; p < 0.001). Both 95th percentile Ktrans and Ve from HR-DCE and C-DCE MRI could differentiate grade 4 from grade 2 and 3 gliomas (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HR-DCE parameters generally showed better reproducibility than C-DCE parameters, and HR-DCE MRI provided better quality of AIFs.
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Moghadas B, Bharadwaj VN, Tobey JP, Tian Y, Stabenfeldt SE, Kodibagkar VD. GdDO3NI Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Allows Imaging of Hypoxia After Brain Injury. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1161-1168. [PMID: 34499791 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain tissue hypoxia is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to the rupture of blood vessels during impact and it correlates with poor outcome. The current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques are unable to provide a direct map of tissue hypoxia. PURPOSE To investigate whether GdDO3NI, a nitroimidazole-based T1 MRI contrast agent allows imaging hypoxia in the injured brain after experimental TBI. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL TBI-induced mice (controlled cortical impact model) were intravenously injected with either conventional T1 agent (gadoteridol) or GdDO3NI at 0.3 mmol/kg dose (n = 5 for each cohort) along with pimonidazole (60 mg/kg) at 1 hour postinjury and imaged for 3 hours following which they were euthanized. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 7 T/T2 -weighted spin echo and T1 -weighted gradient echo. ASSESSMENT Injured animals were imaged with T2 -weighted spin-echo sequence to estimate the extent of the injury. The mice were then imaged precontrast and postcontrast using a T1 -weighted gradient-echo sequence for 3 hours postcontrast. Regions of interests were drawn on the brain injury region, the contralateral brain as well as on the cheek muscle region for comparison of contrast kinetics. Brains were harvested immediately post-imaging for immunohistochemical analysis. STATISTICAL TESTS One-way analysis of variance and two-sample t-tests were performed with a P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS GdDO3NI retention in the injury region at 2.5-3 hours post-injection was significantly higher compared to gadoteridol (mean retention fraction 63.95% ± 27.43% vs. 20.68% ± 7.43% for gadoteridol at 3 hours) while it rapidly cleared out of the muscle region. Pimonidazole staining confirmed the presence of hypoxia in both gadoteridol and GdDO3NI cohorts, and the later cohort showed good agreement with MRI contrast enhancement. DATA CONCLUSION GdDO3NI was successfully shown to visualize hypoxia in the brain post-TBI using T1 -weighted MRI at 2.5-3 hours postcontrast. EVIDENCE LEVEL 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Moghadas
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Vimala N Bharadwaj
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-9709, USA
| | - John P Tobey
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Sarah E Stabenfeldt
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-9709, USA
| | - Vikram D Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287-9709, USA
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Duarte Lobo D, Nobre RJ, Oliveira Miranda C, Pereira D, Castelhano J, Sereno J, Koeppen A, Castelo-Branco M, Pereira de Almeida L. The blood-brain barrier is disrupted in Machado-Joseph disease/spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: evidence from transgenic mice and human post-mortem samples. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:152. [PMID: 32867861 PMCID: PMC7457506 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a common feature in neurodegenerative diseases. However, BBB integrity has not been assessed in spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) such as Machado-Joseph disease/SCA type 3 (MJD/SCA3), a genetic disorder, triggered by polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-3. To investigate that, BBB integrity was evaluated in a transgenic mouse model of MJD and in human post-mortem brain tissues. Firstly, we investigated the BBB permeability in MJD mice by: i) assessing the extravasation of the Evans blue (EB) dye and blood-borne proteins (e.g fibrinogen) in the cerebellum by immunofluorescence, and ii) in vivo Dynamic Contrast Enhanced-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI). The presence of ataxin-3 aggregates in brain blood vessels and the levels of tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins were also explored by immunofluorescence and western blotting. Human brain samples were used to confirm BBB permeability by evaluating fibrinogen extravasation, co-localization of ataxin-3 aggregates with brain blood vessels and neuroinflammation. In the cerebellum of the mouse model of MJD, there was a 5-fold increase in EB accumulation when compared to age-matched controls. Moreover, vascular permeability displayed a 13-fold increase demonstrated by DCE-MRI. These results were validated by the 2-fold increase in fibrinogen extravasation in transgenic animals comparing to controls. Interestingly, mutant ataxin-3 aggregates were detected in cerebellar blood vessels of transgenic mice, accompanied by alterations of TJ-associated proteins in cerebellar endothelial cells, namely a 29% decrease in claudin-5 oligomers and a 10-fold increase in an occludin cleavage fragment. These results were validated in post-mortem brain samples from MJD patients as we detected fibrinogen extravasation across BBB, the presence of ataxin-3 aggregates in blood vessels and associated microgliosis. Altogether, our results prove BBB impairment in MJD/SCA3. These findings contribute for a better understanding of the disease mechanisms and opens the opportunity to treat MJD with medicinal products that in normal conditions would not cross the BBB.
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Cash A, Theus MH. Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093344. [PMID: 32397302 PMCID: PMC7246537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) account for the majority of injury-related deaths in the United States with roughly two million TBIs occurring annually. Due to the spectrum of severity and heterogeneity in TBIs, investigation into the secondary injury is necessary in order to formulate an effective treatment. A mechanical consequence of trauma involves dysregulation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) which contributes to secondary injury and exposure of peripheral components to the brain parenchyma. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms of BBB breakdown in TBI including novel intracellular signaling and cell–cell interactions within the BBB niche. The current review provides an overview of the BBB, novel detection methods for disruption, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated in regulating its stability following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Cash
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Michelle H. Theus
- The Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- The Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 1-540-231-0909; Fax: 1-540-231-7425
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Miller HA, Magsam AW, Tarudji AW, Romanova S, Weber L, Gee CC, Madsen GL, Bronich TK, Kievit FM. Evaluating differential nanoparticle accumulation and retention kinetics in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury via K trans mapping with MRI. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16099. [PMID: 31695100 PMCID: PMC6834577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52622-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of injury-related death worldwide, yet there are no approved neuroprotective therapies that improve neurological outcome post-injury. Transient opening of the blood-brain barrier following injury provides an opportunity for passive accumulation of intravenously administered nanoparticles through an enhanced permeation and retention-like effect. However, a thorough understanding of physicochemical properties that promote optimal uptake and retention kinetics in TBI is still needed. In this study, we present a robust method for magnetic resonance imaging of nanoparticle uptake and retention kinetics following intravenous injection in a controlled cortical impact mouse model of TBI. Three contrast-enhancing nanoparticles with different hydrodynamic sizes and relaxivity properties were compared. Accumulation and retention were monitored by modelling the permeability coefficient, Ktrans, for each nanoparticle within the reproducible mouse model. Quantification of Ktrans for different nanoparticles allowed for non-invasive, multi-time point assessment of both accumulation and retention kinetics in the injured tissue. Using this method, we found that 80 nm poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles had maximal Ktrans in a TBI when injected 3 hours post-injury, showing significantly higher accumulation kinetics than the small molecule, Gd-DTPA. This robust method will enable optimization of administration time and nanoparticle physicochemical properties to achieve maximum delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Miller
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 200 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Alexander W Magsam
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 200 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Aria W Tarudji
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 200 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Svetlana Romanova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center I, Room 1036, Omaha, NE, 68189, USA
| | - Laura Weber
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE, 68135, USA
| | - Connor C Gee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 200 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Gary L Madsen
- ProTransit Nanotherapy, 16514L St., Omaha, NE, 68135, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Durham Research Center I, Room 1036, Omaha, NE, 68189, USA
| | - Forrest M Kievit
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska, 200 LW Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA.
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Umlauf BJ, Shusta EV. Exploiting BBB disruption for the delivery of nanocarriers to the diseased CNS. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 60:146-152. [PMID: 30849699 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Umlauf
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, United States.
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8
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Abstract
This review by O'Brown et al. discusses the cellular nature of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the conservation and variation of BBB function across taxa. It compares the BBB across organisms in order to provide insight into the human BBB both under normal physiological conditions and in neurological diseases. The blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts free access of molecules between the blood and the brain and is essential for regulating the neural microenvironment. Here, we describe how the BBB was initially characterized and how the current field evaluates barrier properties. We next detail the cellular nature of the BBB and discuss both the conservation and variation of BBB function across taxa. Finally, we examine our current understanding of mouse and zebrafish model systems, as we expect that comparison of the BBB across organisms will provide insight into the human BBB under normal physiological conditions and in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha M O'Brown
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Sarah J Pfau
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chenghua Gu
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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9
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Kuriakose M, Rama Rao KV, Younger D, Chandra N. Temporal and Spatial Effects of Blast Overpressure on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Traumatic Brain Injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8681. [PMID: 29875451 PMCID: PMC5989233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a “signature wound” in soldiers during training and in combat and has also become a major cause of morbidity in civilians due to increased insurgency. This work examines the role of blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption as a result of both primary biomechanical and secondary biochemical injury mechanisms in bTBI. Extravasation of sodium fluorescein (NaF) and Evans blue (EB) tracers were used to demonstrate that compromise of the BBB occurs immediately following shock loading, increases in intensity up to 4 hours and returns back to normal in 24 hours. This BBB compromise occurs in multiple regions of the brain in the anterior-posterior direction of the shock wave, with maximum extravasation seen in the frontal cortex. Compromise of the BBB is confirmed by (a) extravasation of tracers into the brain, (b) quantification of tight-junction proteins (TJPs) in the brain and the blood, and (c) tracking specific blood-borne molecules into the brain and brain-specific proteins into the blood. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the BBB compromise occurs as a part of initial biomechanical loading and is a function of increasing blast overpressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Kuriakose
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Kakulavarapu V Rama Rao
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA.
| | - Daniel Younger
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA
| | - Namas Chandra
- Center for Injury Biomechanics, Materials and Medicine (CIBM3), Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102-1982, USA.
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10
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Teng F, Tsien CI, Lawrence TS, Cao Y. Blood–tumor barrier opening changes in brain metastases from pre to one-month post radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 125:89-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li L, Chopp M, Ding G, Li Q, Mahmood A, Jiang Q. Chronic global analysis of vascular permeability and cerebral blood flow after bone marrow stromal cell treatment of traumatic brain injury in the rat: A long-term MRI study. Brain Res 2017; 1675:61-70. [PMID: 28899758 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular permeability and hemodynamic alteration in response to the transplantation of human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) were longitudinally investigated in non directly injured and normal-appearing cerebral tissue using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Male Wistar rats (300-350g, n=30) subjected to controlled cortical impact TBI were intravenously injected with 1ml of saline (at 6-h or 1-week post-injury, n=5/group) or with hMSCs in suspension (∼3×106 hMSCs, at 6-h or 1-week post-injury, n=10/group). MRI measurements of T2-weighted imaging, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and blood-to-brain transfer constant (Ki) of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), and neurological behavioral estimates were performed on all animals at multiple time points up to 3-months post-injury. Our long-term imaging data show that blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and hemodynamic disruption after TBI, as revealed by Ki and CBF, respectively, affect both hemispheres of the brain in a diffuse manner. Our data reveal a sensitive vascular permeability and hemodynamic reaction in response to the time-dependent transplantation of hMSCs. A more rapid reduction of Ki following cell treatment is associated with a higher level of CBF in the injured brain, and acute (6h) cell administration leads to enhanced therapeutic effects on both the recovery of vascular integrity and stabilization of cerebral perfusion compared to delayed (1w) cell engraftment. Our results indicate that cell-enhanced BBB reconstitution plays an important role in underlying the restoration of CBF in the injured brain, which in turn, contributes to the improvement of functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| | - Guangliang Ding
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - Asim Mahmood
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48208, USA.
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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12
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Tiwari YV, Lu J, Shen Q, Cerqueira B, Duong TQ. Magnetic resonance imaging of blood-brain barrier permeability in ischemic stroke using diffusion-weighted arterial spin labeling in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:2706-2715. [PMID: 27742887 PMCID: PMC5536782 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16673385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging has recently been proposed to quantify the rate of water exchange (Kw) across the blood-brain barrier in humans. This study aimed to evaluate the blood-brain barrier disruption in transient (60 min) ischemic stroke using Kw magnetic resonance imaging with cross-validation by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and Evans blue histology in the same rats. The major findings were: (i) at 90 min after stroke (30 min after reperfusion), group Kw magnetic resonance imaging data showed no significant blood-brain barrier permeability changes, although a few animals showed slightly abnormal Kw. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging confirmed this finding in the same animals. (ii) At two days after stroke, Kw magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant blood-brain barrier disruption. Regions with abnormal Kw showed substantial overlap with regions of hyperintense T2 (vasogenic edema) and hyperperfusion. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and Evans blue histology confirmed these findings in the same animals. The Kw values in the normal contralesional hemisphere and the ipsilesional ischemic core two days after stroke were: 363 ± 17 and 261 ± 18 min-1, respectively (P < 0.05, n = 9). Kw magnetic resonance imaging is sensitive to blood-brain barrier permeability changes in stroke, consistent with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and Evans blue extravasation. Kw magnetic resonance imaging offers advantages over existing techniques because contrast agent is not needed and repeated measurements can be made for longitudinal monitoring or averaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash V Tiwari
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jianfei Lu
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bianca Cerqueira
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Q Duong
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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13
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Laviña B. Brain Vascular Imaging Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010070. [PMID: 28042833 PMCID: PMC5297705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent major improvements in a number of imaging techniques now allow for the study of the brain in ways that could not be considered previously. Researchers today have well-developed tools to specifically examine the dynamic nature of the blood vessels in the brain during development and adulthood; as well as to observe the vascular responses in disease situations in vivo. This review offers a concise summary and brief historical reference of different imaging techniques and how these tools can be applied to study the brain vasculature and the blood-brain barrier integrity in both healthy and disease states. Moreover, it offers an overview on available transgenic animal models to study vascular biology and a description of useful online brain atlases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Laviña
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Zhang X, Wang H, Antaris AL, Li L, Diao S, Ma R, Nguyen A, Hong G, Ma Z, Wang J, Zhu S, Castellano JM, Wyss-Coray T, Liang Y, Luo J, Dai H. Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging in the Second Near-Infrared Window with a Molecular Fluorophore. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:6872-9. [PMID: 27253071 PMCID: PMC5293734 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A bright, renal-excreted, and biocompatible near-infrared II fluorophore for in vivo imaging of TBI is designed. A transient hypoperfusion in the injured cerebral region, followed by fluorophore leakage, is observed. NIR-II fluorophores can provide noninvasive assessment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, South University of Science & Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Lulin Li
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, South University of Science & Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joy Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Joseph M. Castellano
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, South University of Science & Technology of China, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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15
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Zhang XD, Wang H, Antaris AL, Li L, Diao S, Ma R, Nguyen A, Hong G, Ma Z, Wang J, Zhu S, Castellano JM, Wyss-Coray T, Liang Y, Luo J, Dai H. Traumatic Brain Injury Imaging in the Second Near-Infrared Window with a Molecular Fluorophore. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016. [PMID: 27253071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600706.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. A bright, renal-excreted, and biocompatible near-infrared II fluorophore for in vivo imaging of TBI is designed. A transient hypoperfusion in the injured cerebral region, followed by fluorophore leakage, is observed. NIR-II fluorophores can provide noninvasive assessment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, P. R. China
| | - Huasen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | | | - Lulin Li
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Shuo Diao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Andy Nguyen
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhuoran Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joy Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shoujun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Joseph M Castellano
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Yongye Liang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, South University of Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Hongjie Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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16
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Li W, Watts L, Long J, Zhou W, Shen Q, Jiang Z, Li Y, Duong TQ. Spatiotemporal changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, cerebral blood flow, T2 and diffusion following mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Res 2016; 1646:53-61. [PMID: 27208495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be impaired following traumatic brain injury (TBI), however the spatiotemporal dynamics of BBB leakage remain incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the spatiotemporal evolution of BBB permeability using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and measured the volume transfer coefficient (K(trans)), a quantitative measure of contrast agent leakage across the blood and extravascular compartment. Measurements were made in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of mild TBI in rats from 1h to 7 days following TBI. The results were compared with cerebral blood flow, T2 and diffusion MRI from the same animal. Spatially, K(trans) changes were localized to superficial cortical layers within a 1mm thickness, which was dramatically different from the changes in cerebral blood flow, T2 and diffusion, which were localized to not only the superficial layers but also to brain regions up to 2.2mm from the cortical surface. Temporally, K(trans) changes peaked at day 3, similar to CBF and ADC changes, but differed from T2 and FA, whose changes peaked on day 2. The pattern of superficial cortical layer localization of K(trans) was consistent with patterns revealed by Evans Blue extravasation. Collectively, these results suggest that BBB disruption, edema formation, blood flow disturbance and diffusion changes are related to different components of the mechanical impact, and may play different roles in determining injury progression and tissue fate processes following TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lora Watts
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Justin Long
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Qiang Shen
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yunxia Li
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Timothy Q Duong
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of death and disability. This is a brief report based on a symposium presentation to the 2014 Chinese Neurotrauma Association Meeting in San Francisco, USA. It covers the work from our laboratory in applying multimodal MRI to study experimental traumatic brain injury in rats with comparisons made to behavioral tests and histology. MRI protocols include structural, perfusion, manganese-enhanced, diffusion-tensor MRI, and MRI of blood-brain barrier integrity and cerebrovascular reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Q Duong
- Research Imaging Institute, Departments of Cellular and Structure Biology and Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Lora T Watts
- Research Imaging Institute, Departments of Cellular and Structure Biology and Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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18
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Shen Q, Watts LT, Li W, Duong TQ. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1462:645-58. [PMID: 27604743 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the USA. Common causes of TBI include falls, violence, injuries from wars, and vehicular and sporting accidents. The initial direct mechanical damage in TBI is followed by progressive secondary injuries such as brain swelling, perturbed cerebral blood flow (CBF), abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity (CR), metabolic dysfunction, blood-brain-barrier disruption, inflammation, oxidative stress, and excitotoxicity, among others. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers the means to noninvasively probe many of these secondary injuries. MRI has been used to image anatomical, physiological, and functional changes associated with TBI in a longitudinal manner. This chapter describes controlled cortical impact (CCI) TBI surgical procedures, a few common MRI protocols used in TBI imaging, and, finally, image analysis pertaining to experimental TBI imaging in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shen
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Lora Tally Watts
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,Departments of Cellular and Structure Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Q Duong
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, 8403 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA. .,Department of Veterans Affairs, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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19
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Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Acaz-Fonseca E, Giatti S, Caruso D, Viveros MP, Melcangi RC, Garcia-Segura LM. Correlation of brain levels of progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone with neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury in female mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 56:1-11. [PMID: 25770855 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of disability in humans. Neuroactive steroids, such as progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), are neuroprotective in TBI models. However in order to design potential neuroprotective strategies based on neuroactive steroids it is important to determine whether its brain levels are altered by TBI. In this study we have used a weight-drop model of TBI in young adult female mice to determine the levels of neuroactive steroids in the brain and plasma at 24h, 72 h and 2 weeks after injury. We have also analyzed whether the levels of neuroactive steroids after TBI correlated with the neurological score of the animals. TBI caused neurological deficit detectable at 24 and 72 h, which recovered by 2 weeks after injury. Brain levels of progesterone, tetrahydroprogesterone (THP), isopregnanolone and 17β-estradiol were decreased 24h, 72 h and 2 weeks after TBI. DHEA and brain testosterone levels presented a transient decrease at 24h after lesion. Brain levels of progesterone and DHEA showed a positive correlation with neurological recovery. Plasma analyses showed that progesterone was decreased 72 h after lesion but, in contrast with brain progesterone, its levels did not correlate with neurological deficit. These findings indicate that TBI alters the levels of neuroactive steroids in the brain with independence of its plasma levels and suggest that the pharmacological increase in the brain of the levels of progesterone and DHEA may result in the improvement of neurological recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belen Lopez-Rodriguez
- Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Silvia Giatti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria-Paz Viveros
- Department of Animal Physiology (Animal Physiology II), Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto C Melcangi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
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20
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Talley Watts L, Shen Q, Deng S, Chemello J, Duong TQ. Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:1001-10. [PMID: 25531419 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium dysfunction is involved in secondary traumatic brain injury (TBI). Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), in which the manganese ion acts as a calcium analog and a MRI contrast agent, was used to study rats subjected to a controlled cortical impact. Comparisons were made with conventional T2 MRI, sensorimotor behavior, and immunohistology. The major findings were: (1) Low-dose manganese (29 mg/kg) yielded excellent contrast with no negative effects on behavior scores relative to vehicle; (2) T1-weighted MEMRI was hyperintense in the impact area at 1-3 h, hypointense on day 2, and markedly hypointense with a hyperintense area surrounding the core on days 7 and/or 14, in contrast to the vehicle group, which did not show a biphasic profile; (3) in the hyperacute phase, the area of hyperintense T1-weighted MEMRI was larger than that of T2 MRI; (4) glial fibrillary acidic protein staining revealed that the MEMRI signal void in the impact core and the hyperintense area surrounding the core on day 7 and/or 14 corresponded to tissue cavitation and reactive gliosis, respectively; (5) T2 MRI showed little contrast in the impact core at 2 h, hyperintense on day 2 (indicative of vasogenic edema), hyperintense in some animals but pseudonormalized in others on day 7 and/or 14; (6) behavioral deficit peaked on day 2. We concluded that MEMRI detected early excitotoxic injury in the hyperacute phase, preceding vasogenic edema. In the subacute phase, MEMRI detected contrast consistent with tissue cavitation and reactive gliosis. MEMRI offers novel contrasts of biological processes that complement conventional MRI in TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Talley Watts
- 1 Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.,2 Department of Cellular and Structure Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.,3 Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Qiang Shen
- 1 Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.,4 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Shengwen Deng
- 1 Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Jonathan Chemello
- 1 Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas
| | - Timothy Q Duong
- 1 Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.,4 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio, Texas.,5 South Texas Veterans Health Care System , San Antonio, Texas
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