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Entenberg D, Oktay MH, Condeelis JS. Intravital imaging to study cancer progression and metastasis. Nat Rev Cancer 2023; 23:25-42. [PMID: 36385560 PMCID: PMC9912378 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Navigation through the bulk tumour, entry into the blood vasculature, survival in the circulation, exit at distant sites and resumption of proliferation are all steps necessary for tumour cells to successfully metastasize. The ability of tumour cells to complete these steps is highly dependent on the timing and sequence of the interactions that these cells have with the tumour microenvironment (TME), including stromal cells, the extracellular matrix and soluble factors. The TME thus plays a major role in determining the overall metastatic phenotype of tumours. The complexity and cause-and-effect dynamics of the TME cannot currently be recapitulated in vitro or inferred from studies of fixed tissue, and are best studied in vivo, in real time and at single-cell resolution. Intravital imaging (IVI) offers these capabilities, and recent years have been a time of immense growth and innovation in the field. Here we review some of the recent advances in IVI of mammalian models of cancer and describe how IVI is being used to understand cancer progression and metastasis, and to develop novel treatments and therapies. We describe new techniques that allow access to a range of tissue and cancer types, novel fluorescent reporters and biosensors that allow fate mapping and the probing of functional and phenotypic states, and the clinical applications that have arisen from applying these techniques, reporters and biosensors to study cancer. We finish by presenting some of the challenges that remain in the field, how to address them and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Entenberg
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
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2
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Assessment of MRI to estimate metastatic dissemination risk and prometastatic effects of chemotherapy. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:101. [PMID: 36056005 PMCID: PMC9440218 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination in breast cancer is regulated by specialized intravasation sites called “tumor microenvironment of metastasis” (TMEM) doorways, composed of a tumor cell expressing the actin-regulatory protein Mena, a perivascular macrophage, and an endothelial cell, all in stable physical contact. High TMEM doorway number is associated with an increased risk of distant metastasis in human breast cancer and mouse models of breast carcinoma. Here, we developed a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methodology, called TMEM Activity-MRI, to detect TMEM-associated vascular openings that serve as the portal of entry for cancer cell intravasation and metastatic dissemination. We demonstrate that TMEM Activity-MRI correlates with primary tumor TMEM doorway counts in both breast cancer patients and mouse models, including MMTV-PyMT and patient-derived xenograft models. In addition, TMEM Activity-MRI is reduced in mouse models upon treatment with rebastinib, a specific and potent TMEM doorway inhibitor. TMEM Activity-MRI is an assay that specifically measures TMEM-associated vascular opening (TAVO) events in the tumor microenvironment, and as such, can be utilized in mechanistic studies investigating molecular pathways of cancer cell dissemination and metastasis. Finally, we demonstrate that TMEM Activity-MRI increases upon treatment with paclitaxel in mouse models, consistent with prior observations that chemotherapy enhances TMEM doorway assembly and activity in human breast cancer. Our findings suggest that TMEM Activity-MRI is a promising precision medicine tool for localized breast cancer that could be used as a non-invasive test to determine metastatic risk and serve as an intermediate pharmacodynamic biomarker to monitor therapeutic response to agents that block TMEM doorway-mediated dissemination.
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3
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Heiligenstein X, Lucas MS. One for All, All for One: A Close Look at In-Resin Fluorescence Protocols for CLEM. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866472. [PMID: 35846358 PMCID: PMC9280628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is the novel bottleneck for high throughput correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Protocols suitable for both imaging methods must therefore balance the requirements of each technique. For fluorescence light microscopy, a structure of interest can be targeted using: 1) staining, which is often structure or tissue specific rather than protein specific, 2) dye-coupled proteins or antibodies, or 3) genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. Each of these three methods has its own advantages. For ultrastructural investigation by electron microscopy (EM) resin embedding remains a significant sample preparation approach, as it stabilizes the sample such that it withstands the vacuum conditions of the EM, and enables long-term storage. Traditionally, samples are treated with heavy metal salts prior to resin embedding, in order to increase imaging contrast for EM. This is particularly important for volume EM (vEM) techniques. Yet, commonly used contrasting agents (e.g., osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate) tend to impair fluorescence. The discovery that fluorescence can be preserved in resin-embedded specimens after mild heavy metal staining was a game changer for CLEM. These so-called in-resin fluorescence protocols present a significant leap forward for CLEM approaches towards high precision localization of a fluorescent signal in (volume) EM data. Integrated microscopy approaches, combining LM and EM detection into a single instrument certainly require such an “all in one” sample preparation. Preserving, or adding, dedicated fluorescence prior to resin embedding requires a compromise, which often comes at the expense of EM imaging contrast and membrane visibility. Especially vEM can be strongly hampered by a lack of heavy metal contrasting. This review critically reflects upon the fundamental aspects of resin embedding with regard to 1) specimen fixation and the physics and chemistry underlying the preservation of protein structure with respect to fluorescence and antigenicity, 2) optimization of EM contrast for transmission or scanning EM, and 3) the choice of embedding resin. On this basis, various existing workflows employing in-resin fluorescence are described, highlighting their common features, discussing advantages and disadvantages of the respective approach, and finally concluding with promising future developments for in-resin CLEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam S. Lucas
- Scientific Center for Light and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Miriam S. Lucas,
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4
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Lane R, Wolters AHG, Giepmans BNG, Hoogenboom JP. Integrated Array Tomography for 3D Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:822232. [PMID: 35127826 PMCID: PMC8809480 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.822232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume electron microscopy (EM) of biological systems has grown exponentially in recent years due to innovative large-scale imaging approaches. As a standalone imaging method, however, large-scale EM typically has two major limitations: slow rates of acquisition and the difficulty to provide targeted biological information. We developed a 3D image acquisition and reconstruction pipeline that overcomes both of these limitations by using a widefield fluorescence microscope integrated inside of a scanning electron microscope. The workflow consists of acquiring large field of view fluorescence microscopy (FM) images, which guide to regions of interest for successive EM (integrated correlative light and electron microscopy). High precision EM-FM overlay is achieved using cathodoluminescent markers. We conduct a proof-of-concept of our integrated workflow on immunolabelled serial sections of tissues. Acquisitions are limited to regions containing biological targets, expediting total acquisition times and reducing the burden of excess data by tens or hundreds of GBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lane
- Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Anouk H. G. Wolters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ben N. G. Giepmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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5
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Parlanti P, Cappello V. Microscopes, tools, probes, and protocols: A guide in the route of correlative microscopy for biomedical investigation. Micron 2021; 152:103182. [PMID: 34801960 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last decades, the advancements of microscopes technology, together with the development of new imaging approaches, are trying to address some biological questions that have been unresolved in the past: the need to combine in the same analysis temporal, functional and morphological information on the biological sample has become pressing. For this reason, the use of correlative microscopy, in which two or more imaging techniques are combined in the same analysis, is getting increasingly widespread. In fact, correlative microscopy can overcome limitations of a single imaging method, giving access to a larger amount of information from the same specimen. However, correlative microscopy can be challenging, and appropriate protocols for sample preparation and imaging methods must be selected. Here we review the state of the art of correlating electron microscopy with different imaging methods, focusing on sample preparation, tools, and labeling methods, with the aim to provide a comprehensive guide for those scientists who are approaching the field of correlative methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Parlanti
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, I-56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy.
| | - Valentina Cappello
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Center for Materials Interfaces, Electron Crystallography, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, I-56025, Pontedera (PI), Italy.
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6
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Schifferer M, Snaidero N, Djannatian M, Kerschensteiner M, Misgeld T. Niwaki Instead of Random Forests: Targeted Serial Sectioning Scanning Electron Microscopy With Reimaging Capabilities for Exploring Central Nervous System Cell Biology and Pathology. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:732506. [PMID: 34720890 PMCID: PMC8548362 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.732506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural analysis of discrete neurobiological structures by volume scanning electron microscopy (SEM) often constitutes a "needle-in-the-haystack" problem and therefore relies on sophisticated search strategies. The appropriate SEM approach for a given relocation task not only depends on the desired final image quality but also on the complexity and required accuracy of the screening process. Block-face SEM techniques like Focused Ion Beam or serial block-face SEM are "one-shot" imaging runs by nature and, thus, require precise relocation prior to acquisition. In contrast, "multi-shot" approaches conserve the sectioned tissue through the collection of serial sections onto solid support and allow reimaging. These tissue libraries generated by Array Tomography or Automated Tape Collecting Ultramicrotomy can be screened at low resolution to target high resolution SEM. This is particularly useful if a structure of interest is rare or has been predetermined by correlated light microscopy, which can assign molecular, dynamic and functional information to an ultrastructure. As such approaches require bridging mm to nm scales, they rely on tissue trimming at different stages of sample processing. Relocation is facilitated by endogenous or exogenous landmarks that are visible by several imaging modalities, combined with appropriate registration strategies that allow overlaying images of various sources. Here, we discuss the opportunities of using multi-shot serial sectioning SEM approaches, as well as suitable trimming and registration techniques, to slim down the high-resolution imaging volume to the actual structure of interest and hence facilitate ambitious targeted volume SEM projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schifferer
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Snaidero
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Minou Djannatian
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Kerschensteiner
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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7
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Dawson CA, Mueller SN, Lindeman GJ, Rios AC, Visvader JE. Intravital microscopy of dynamic single-cell behavior in mouse mammary tissue. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1907-1935. [PMID: 33627843 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton intravital imaging is essential for understanding cellular behavior and function in vivo. The adipose-rich environment of the mammary gland poses a unique challenge to in vivo microscopy due to light scattering that impedes high-resolution imaging. Here we provide a protocol for high-quality, six-color 3D intravital imaging of regions across the entire mouse mammary gland and associated tissues for several hours while maintaining tissue access for microdissection and labeling. An incision at the ventral midline and along the right hind leg creates a skin flap that is then secured to a raised platform skin side down. This allows for fluorescence-guided microdissection of connective tissue to provide unimpeded imaging of mammary ducts. A sealed imaging chamber over the skin flap creates a stable environment while maintaining access to large tissue regions for imaging with an upright microscope. We provide a strategy for imaging single cells and the tissue microenvironment utilizing multicolor Confetti lineage-tracing and additional dyes using custom-designed filters and sequential excitation with dual multiphoton lasers. Furthermore, we describe a strategy for simultaneous imaging and photomanipulation of single cells using the Olympus SIM scanner and provide steps for 3D video processing, visualization and high-dimensional analysis of single-cell behavior. We then provide steps for multiplexing intravital imaging with fixation, immunostaining, tissue clearing and 3D confocal imaging to associate cell behavior with protein expression. The skin-flap surgery and chamber preparation take 1.5 h, followed by up to 12 h of imaging. Applications range from basic filming in 1 d to 5 d for multiplexing and complex analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb A Dawson
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Lindeman
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre and Department of Medical Oncology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne C Rios
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane E Visvader
- Cancer Biology and Stem Cells Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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9
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Margarido AS, Bornes L, Vennin C, van Rheenen J. Cellular Plasticity during Metastasis: New Insights Provided by Intravital Microscopy. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a037267. [PMID: 31615867 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a highly dynamic process during which cancer and microenvironmental cells undergo a cascade of events required for efficient dissemination throughout the body. During the metastatic cascade, tumor cells can change their state and behavior, a phenomenon commonly defined as cellular plasticity. To monitor cellular plasticity during metastasis, high-resolution intravital microscopy (IVM) techniques have been developed and allow us to visualize individual cells by repeated imaging in animal models. In this review, we summarize the latest technological advancements in the field of IVM and how they have been applied to monitor metastatic events. In particular, we highlight how longitudinal imaging in native tissues can provide new insights into the plastic physiological and developmental processes that are hijacked by cancer cells during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia S Margarido
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Bornes
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Vennin
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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An accelerated procedure for approaching and imaging of optically branded region of interest in tissue. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 162:205-221. [PMID: 33707013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many areas of biology have benefited from advances in light microscopy (LM). However, one limitation of the LM approach is that numerous critically important aspects of subcellular machineries are well beyond the resolution of conventional LM. For studying these, electron microscopy (EM) remains the technique of choice to visualize and identify macromolecules at the ultrastructural level. The most powerful approach is combining both techniques, LM and EM (i.e., to apply correlative light/electron microscopy, CLEM) to image exactly the same region of interest. This combination allows, for example, to immuno-localize proteins by LM and then to visualize the ultrastructural context of the same region of the sample. However, the identification and correlation of the regions of interest (ROIs) at the levels of LM and EM remains a major challenge, mostly due to the difficulties with correlation along the Z-axis for both modalities. In this chapter, we address this difficulty and describe an approach for performing CLEM in tissue samples using marks from near-infrared branding as indicators of a ROI, and then using serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to identify and approach this ROI. Once a ROI has been approached, serial sections are collected on grids for high-resolution imaging by transmission EM, and subsequent correlation with LM images showing labeled proteins.
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11
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Multiscale ATUM-FIB Microscopy Enables Targeted Ultrastructural Analysis at Isotropic Resolution. iScience 2020; 23:101290. [PMID: 32622266 PMCID: PMC7334410 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Volume electron microscopy enables the ultrastructural analysis of biological tissue. Currently, the techniques involving ultramicrotomy (ATUM, ssTEM) allow large fields of view but afford only limited z-resolution, whereas ion beam-milling approaches (FIB-SEM) yield isotropic voxels but are restricted in volume size. Now we present a hybrid method, named ATUM-FIB, which combines the advantages of both approaches. ATUM-FIB is based on serial sectioning of tissue into “semithick” (2–10 μm) sections collected onto tape. Serial light and electron microscopy allows the identification of regions of interest that are then directly accessible for targeted FIB-SEM. The set of semithick sections thus represents a tissue “library” which provides three-dimensional context information that can be probed “on demand” by local high-resolution analysis. We demonstrate the potential of this technique to reveal the ultrastructure of rare but pathologically important events by identifying microglia contact sites with amyloid plaques in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease. Fast nanometer-resolution relocation and 3D imaging of preselected structures Transparent tape-based multiscale light and volume electron microscopy Heated ultramicrotomy at 2–10 μm with precured epoxy resin
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12
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Perrin L, Bayarmagnai B, Gligorijevic B. Frontiers in Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy of Cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 3:e1192. [PMID: 32368722 PMCID: PMC7197974 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is a highly complex disease which involves the co-operation of tumor cells with multiple types of host cells and the extracellular matrix. Cancer studies which rely solely on static measurements of individual cell types are insufficient to dissect this complexity. In the last two decades, intravital microscopy has established itself as a powerful technique that can significantly improve our understanding of cancer by revealing the dynamic interactions governing cancer initiation, progression and treatment effects, in living animals. This review focuses on intravital multiphoton microscopy (IV-MPM) applications in mouse models of cancer. Recent Findings IV-MPM studies have already enabled a deeper understanding of the complex events occurring in cancer, at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Multiple cells types, present in different tissues, influence cancer cell behavior via activation of distinct signaling pathways. As a result, the boundaries in the field of IV-MPM are continuously being pushed to provide an integrated comprehension of cancer. We propose that optics, informatics and cancer (cell) biology are co-evolving as a new field. We have identified four emerging themes in this new field. First, new microscopy systems and image processing algorithms are enabling the simultaneous identification of multiple interactions between the tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment. Second, techniques from molecular biology are being exploited to visualize subcellular structures and protein activities within individual cells of interest, and relate those to phenotypic decisions, opening the door for "in vivo cell biology". Third, combining IV-MPM with additional imaging modalities, or omics studies, holds promise for linking the cell phenotype to its genotype, metabolic state or tissue location. Finally, the clinical use of IV-MPM for analyzing efficacy of anti-cancer treatments is steadily growing, suggesting a future role of IV-MPM for personalized medicine. Conclusion IV-MPM has revolutionized visualization of tumor-microenvironment interactions in real time. Moving forward, incorporation of novel optics, automated image processing, and omics technologies, in the study of cancer biology, will not only advance our understanding of the underlying complexities but will also leverage the unique aspects of IV-MPM for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisiane Perrin
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | | | - Bojana Gligorijevic
- Department of BioengineeringTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
- Fox Chase Cancer CenterCancer Biology ProgramPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
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Hegermann J, Wrede C, Fassbender S, Schliep R, Ochs M, Knudsen L, Mühlfeld C. Volume-CLEM: a method for correlative light and electron microscopy in three dimensions. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L778-L784. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00333.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of three-dimensional (3D) data sets from serial sections of tissues imaged by light microscopy (LM) allows identification of rare structures by morphology or fluorescent labeling. Here, we demonstrate a workflow for correlative LM and electron microscopy (EM) from 3D LM to 3D EM, using the same sectioned material for both methods consecutively. The new approach is easy to reproduce in routine EM laboratories and applicable to a wide range of organs and research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hegermann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Christoph Wrede
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Susanne Fassbender
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Ronja Schliep
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Matthias Ochs
- Institute of Vegetative Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Knudsen
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Research (BREATH), Member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Research (BREATH), Member of The German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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Di Martino JS, Mondal C, Bravo-Cordero JJ. Textures of the tumour microenvironment. Essays Biochem 2019; 63:619-629. [PMID: 31654075 PMCID: PMC6839695 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present recent findings on the dynamic nature of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and how intravital microscopy studies have defined TME components in a spatiotemporal manner. Intravital microscopy has shed light into the nature of the TME, revealing structural details of both tumour cells and other TME co-habitants in vivo, how these cells communicate with each other, and how they are organized in three-dimensional space to orchestrate tumour growth, invasion, dissemination and metastasis. We will review different imaging tools, imaging reporters and fate-mapping strategies that have begun to uncover the complexity of the TME in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie S Di Martino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chandrani Mondal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jose Javier Bravo-Cordero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at
Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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15
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Sachse M, Fernández de Castro I, Tenorio R, Risco C. The viral replication organelles within cells studied by electron microscopy. Adv Virus Res 2019; 105:1-33. [PMID: 31522702 PMCID: PMC7112055 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been crucial to study viral infections. As a result of recent advances in light and electron microscopy, we are starting to be aware of the variety of structures that viruses assemble inside cells. Viruses often remodel cellular compartments to build their replication factories. Remarkably, viruses are also able to induce new membranes and new organelles. Here we revise the most relevant imaging technologies to study the biogenesis of viral replication organelles. Live cell microscopy, correlative light and electron microscopy, cryo-TEM, and three-dimensional imaging methods are unveiling how viruses manipulate cell organization. In particular, methods for molecular mapping in situ in two and three dimensions are revealing how macromolecular complexes build functional replication complexes inside infected cells. The combination of all these imaging approaches is uncovering the viral life cycle events with a detail never seen before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sachse
- Unité Technologie et service BioImagerie Ultrastructurale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| | | | - Raquel Tenorio
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Risco
- Cell Structure Laboratory, National Center for Biotechnology, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Lysosomal degradation of newly formed insulin granules contributes to β cell failure in diabetes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3312. [PMID: 31346174 PMCID: PMC6658524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Compromised function of insulin-secreting pancreatic β cells is central to the development and progression of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). However, the mechanisms underlying β cell failure remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that metabolic stress markedly enhances macroautophagy-independent lysosomal degradation of nascent insulin granules. In different model systems of diabetes including of human origin, stress-induced nascent granule degradation (SINGD) contributes to loss of insulin along with mammalian/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR)-dependent suppression of macroautophagy. Expression of Protein Kinase D (PKD), a negative regulator of SINGD, is reduced in diabetic β cells. Pharmacological activation of PKD counters SINGD and delays the onset of T2D. Conversely, inhibition of PKD exacerbates SINGD, mitigates insulin secretion and accelerates diabetes. Finally, reduced levels of lysosomal tetraspanin CD63 prevent SINGD, leading to increased insulin secretion. Overall, our findings implicate aberrant SINGD in the pathogenesis of diabetes and suggest new therapeutic strategies to prevent β cell failure. Impaired beta-cell insulin secretion is a key pathological feature of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors describe metabolic stress induced lysosomal degradation of newly formed insulin granules, independent of macroautophagy, as a potential mechanism for beta-cell dysfunction.
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17
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Goetz JG. Exploiting Anatomical Landmarks for Efficient In Vivo CLEM. Trends Biochem Sci 2018; 43:744-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Luckner M, Burgold S, Filser S, Scheungrab M, Niyaz Y, Hummel E, Wanner G, Herms J. Label-free 3D-CLEM Using Endogenous Tissue Landmarks. iScience 2018; 6:92-101. [PMID: 30240628 PMCID: PMC6137285 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging 3D correlative light and electron microscopy approaches enable studying neuronal structure-function relations at unprecedented depth and precision. However, established protocols for the correlation of light and electron micrographs rely on the introduction of artificial fiducial markers, such as polymer beads or near-infrared brandings, which might obscure or even damage the structure under investigation. Here, we report a general applicable "flat embedding" preparation, enabling high-precision overlay of light and scanning electron micrographs, using exclusively endogenous landmarks in the brain: blood vessels, nuclei, and myelinated axons. Furthermore, we demonstrate feasibility of the workflow by combining in vivo 2-photon microscopy and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy to dissect the role of astrocytic coverage in the persistence of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Luckner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Steffen Burgold
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Severin Filser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheungrab
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Yilmaz Niyaz
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Eric Hummel
- Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen 73447, Germany
| | - Gerhard Wanner
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Jochen Herms
- Department of Biology I, Biocenter Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Translational Brain Research, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for Neuropathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich 81377, Germany; Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich 81377, Germany.
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19
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Iliev D, Strandskog G, Nepal A, Aspar A, Olsen R, Jørgensen J, Wolfson D, Ahluwalia BS, Handzhiyski J, Mironova R. Stimulation of exosome release by extracellular DNA is conserved across multiple cell types. FEBS J 2018; 285:3114-3133. [PMID: 29953723 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are distinguished from other types of extracellular vesicles by their small and relatively uniform size (30-100 nm) and their composition which reflects their endo-lysosomal origin. Involvement of these extracellular organelles in intercellular communication and their implication in pathological conditions has fuelled intensive research on mammalian exosomes; however, currently, very little is known about exosomes in lower vertebrates. Here we show that, in primary cultures of head kidney leukocytes from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), phosphorothioate CpG oligodeoxynucleotides induce secretion of vesicles with characteristics very similar to these of mammalian exosomes. Further experiments revealed that the oligonucleotide-induced exosome secretion did not depend on the CpG motifs but it relied on the phosphorothioate modification of the internucleotide linkage. Exosome secretion was also induced by genomic bacterial and eukaryotic DNA in toll-like receptor 9-negative piscine and human cell lines demonstrating that this is a phylogenetically conserved phenomenon which does not depend on activation of immune signaling pathways. In addition to exosomes, stimulation with phosphorothioate oligonucleotides and genomic DNA induced secretion of LC3B-II, an autophagosome marker, which was associated with vesicles of diverse size and morphology, possibly derived from autophagosome-related intracellular compartments. Overall, this work reveals a previously unrecognized biological activity of phosphorothioate ODNs and genomic DNA - their capacity to induce secretion of exosomes and other types of extracellular vesicles. This finding might help shed light on the side effects of therapeutic phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides and the biological activity of extracellular genomic DNA which is often upregulated in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar Iliev
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guro Strandskog
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arpita Nepal
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Augusta Aspar
- Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Randi Olsen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jorunn Jørgensen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Deanna Wolfson
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Jordan Handzhiyski
- Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roumyana Mironova
- Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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20
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Lemercier N, Middel V, Hentsch D, Taubert S, Takamiya M, Beil T, Vonesch JL, Baumbach T, Schultz P, Antony C, Strähle U. Microtome-integrated microscope system for high sensitivity tracking of in-resin fluorescence in blocks and ultrathin sections for correlative microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13583. [PMID: 29051533 PMCID: PMC5648784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many areas of biological research demand the combined use of different imaging modalities to cover a wide range of magnifications and measurements or to place fluorescent patterns into an ultrastructural context. A technically difficult problem is the efficient specimen transfer between different imaging modalities without losing the coordinates of the regions-of-interest (ROI). Here, we report a new and highly sensitive integrated system that combines a custom designed microscope with an ultramicrotome for in-resin-fluorescence detection in blocks, ribbons and sections on EM-grids. Although operating with long-distance lenses, this system achieves a very high light sensitivity. Our instrumental set-up and operating workflow are designed to investigate rare events in large tissue volumes. Applications range from studies of individual immune, stem and cancer cells to the investigation of non-uniform subcellular processes. As a use case, we present the ultrastructure of a single membrane repair patch on a muscle fiber in intact muscle in a whole animal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lemercier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Volker Middel
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Didier Hentsch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Serge Taubert
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tanja Beil
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jean-Luc Vonesch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Tilo Baumbach
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Schultz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.
| | - Claude Antony
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, 1, rue Laurent Fries, 67404, Illkirch, France.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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21
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Karreman MA, Ruthensteiner B, Mercier L, Schieber NL, Solecki G, Winkler F, Goetz JG, Schwab Y. Find your way with X-Ray. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 140:277-301. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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23
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Gayathri Vegesna NV, Ronchi P, Durdu S, Terjung S, Pepperkok R. Targeted Ablation Using Laser Nanosurgery. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1563:107-125. [PMID: 28324605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6810-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Laser-mediated dissection methods have been used for many years to micro-irradiate biological samples, but recent technological progress has rendered this technique more precise, powerful, and easy to use. Today pulsed lasers can be operated with diffraction limited, sub-micrometer precision to ablate intracellular structures. Here, we discuss laser nanosurgery setups and the instrumentation in our laboratory. We describe how to use this technique to ablate cytoskeletal elements in living cells. We also show how this technique can be used in multicellular organisms, to micropuncture and/or ablate cells of interest and finally how to monitor a successful laser nanosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ronchi
- Cell Biology and Cell Biophysics Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.,Electron Microscopy Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sevi Durdu
- Cell Biology and Cell Biophysics Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Terjung
- Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Pepperkok
- Cell Biology and Cell Biophysics Unit, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Advanced Light Microscopy Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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Schieber NL, Machado P, Markert SM, Stigloher C, Schwab Y, Steyer AM. Minimal resin embedding of multicellular specimens for targeted FIB-SEM imaging. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 140:69-83. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Karreman MA, Hyenne V, Schwab Y, Goetz JG. Intravital Correlative Microscopy: Imaging Life at the Nanoscale. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:848-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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26
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Bouchaala R, Mercier L, Andreiuk B, Mély Y, Vandamme T, Anton N, Goetz JG, Klymchenko AS. Integrity of lipid nanocarriers in bloodstream and tumor quantified by near-infrared ratiometric FRET imaging in living mice. J Control Release 2016; 236:57-67. [PMID: 27327767 PMCID: PMC4968657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nanocarriers are considered as promising candidates for drug delivery and cancer targeting because of their low toxicity, biodegradability and capacity to encapsulate drugs and/or contrasting agents. However, their biomedical applications are currently limited because of a poor understanding of their integrity in vivo. To address this problem, we report on fluorescent nano-emulsion droplets of 100 nm size encapsulating lipophilic near-infrared cyanine 5.5 and 7.5 dyes with a help of bulky hydrophobic counterion tetraphenylborate. Excellent brightness and efficient Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) inside lipid NCs enabled for the first time quantitative fluorescence ratiometric imaging of NCs integrity directly in the blood circulation, liver and tumor xenografts of living mice using a whole-animal imaging set-up. This unique methodology revealed that the integrity of our FRET NCs in the blood circulation of healthy mice is preserved at 93% at 6 h of post-administration, while it drops to 66% in the liver (half-life is 8.2 h). Moreover, these NCs show fast and efficient accumulation in tumors, where they enter in nearly intact form (77% integrity at 2 h) before losing their integrity to 40% at 6 h (half-life is 4.4 h). Thus, we propose a simple and robust methodology based on ratiometric FRET imaging in vivo to evaluate quantitatively nanocarrier integrity in small animals. We also demonstrate that nano-emulsion droplets are remarkably stable nano-objects that remain nearly intact in the blood circulation and release their content mainly after entering tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redouane Bouchaala
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; Laboratory of Photonic Systems and Nonlinear Optics, Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, University of Setif 1, 19000, Algeria
| | - Luc Mercier
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, F-67200, France
| | - Bohdan Andreiuk
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France; Organic Chemistry Department, Chemistry Faculty, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Vandamme
- CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Anton
- CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, LabEx Medalis, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), University of Strasbourg, F-67200, France.
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR CNRS 7213, University of Strasbourg, 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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27
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Bykov YS, Cortese M, Briggs JAG, Bartenschlager R. Correlative light and electron microscopy methods for the study of virus-cell interactions. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1877-95. [PMID: 27008928 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron microscopy (EM) is an invaluable tool to study the interactions of viruses with cells, and the ultrastructural changes induced in host cells by virus infection. Light microscopy (LM) is a complementary tool with the potential to locate rare events, label specific components, and obtain dynamic information. The combination of LM and EM in correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is particularly powerful. It can be used to complement a static EM image with dynamic data from live imaging, identify the ultrastructure observed in LM, or, conversely, provide molecular specificity data for a known ultrastructure. Here, we describe methods and strategies for CLEM, discuss their advantages and limitations, and review applications of CLEM to study virus-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury S Bykov
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirko Cortese
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - John A G Briggs
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Germany
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28
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Mercier L, Böhm J, Fekonja N, Allio G, Lutz Y, Koch M, Goetz JG, Laporte J. In vivo imaging of skeletal muscle in mice highlights muscle defects in a model of myotubular myopathy. INTRAVITAL 2016; 5:e1168553. [PMID: 28243519 DOI: 10.1080/21659087.2016.1168553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle structure and function are altered in different myopathies. However, the understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms mainly rely on in vitro and ex vivo investigations in mammalian models. In order to monitor in vivo the intracellular structure of the neuromuscular system in its environment under normal and pathological conditions, we set-up and validated non-invasive imaging of ear and leg muscles in mice. This original approach allows simultaneous imaging of different cellular and intracellular structures such as neuromuscular junctions and sarcomeres, reconstruction of the 3D architecture of the neuromuscular system, and video recording of dynamic events such as spontaneous muscle fiber contraction. Second harmonic generation was combined with vital dyes and fluorescent-coupled molecules. Skin pigmentation, although limiting, did not prevent intravital imaging. Using this versatile toolbox on the Mtm1 knockout mouse, a model for myotubular myopathy which is a severe congenital myopathy in human, we identified several hallmarks of the disease such as defects in fiber size and neuromuscular junction shape. Intravital imaging of the neuromuscular system paves the way for the follow-up of disease progression or/and disease amelioration upon therapeutic tests. It has also the potential to reduce the number of animals needed to reach scientific conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Mercier
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Johann Böhm
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, France
| | - Nina Fekonja
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Allio
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Lutz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Marc Koch
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg, France; LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jocelyn Laporte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Collège de France, Chaire de Génétique Humaine, Illkirch, France
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Di Martino J, Henriet E, Ezzoukhry Z, Goetz JG, Moreau V, Saltel F. The microenvironment controls invadosome plasticity. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:1759-68. [PMID: 27029343 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.182329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Invadosomes are actin-based structures involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Invadosomes is a term that includes podosomes and invadopodia, which decorate normal and tumour cells, respectively. They are mainly organised into dots or rosettes, and podosomes and invadopodia are often compared and contrasted. Various internal or external stimuli have been shown to induce their formation and/or activity. In this Commentary, we address the impact of the microenvironment and the role of matrix receptors on the formation, and dynamic and degradative activities of invadosomes. In particular, we highlight recent findings regarding the role of type I collagen fibrils in inducing the formation of a new linear organisation of invadosomes. We will also discuss invadosome plasticity more generally and emphasise its physio-pathological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Di Martino
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Elodie Henriet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Zakaria Ezzoukhry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, Strasbourg 67200, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Frederic Saltel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
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Follain G, Mercier L, Osmani N, Harlepp S, Goetz JG. Seeing is believing: multi-scale spatio-temporal imaging towards in vivo cell biology. J Cell Sci 2016; 130:23-38. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.189001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Life is driven by a set of biological events that are naturally dynamic and tightly orchestrated from the single molecule to entire organisms. Although biochemistry and molecular biology have been essential in deciphering signaling at a cellular and organismal level, biological imaging has been instrumental for unraveling life processes across multiple scales. Imaging methods have considerably improved over the past decades and now allow to grasp the inner workings of proteins, organelles, cells, organs and whole organisms. Not only do they allow us to visualize these events in their most-relevant context but also to accurately quantify underlying biomechanical features and, so, provide essential information for their understanding. In this Commentary, we review a palette of imaging (and biophysical) methods that are available to the scientific community for elucidating a wide array of biological events. We cover the most-recent developments in intravital imaging, light-sheet microscopy, super-resolution imaging, and correlative light and electron microscopy. In addition, we illustrate how these technologies have led to important insights in cell biology, from the molecular to the whole-organism resolution. Altogether, this review offers a snapshot of the current and state-of-the-art imaging methods that will contribute to the understanding of life and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautier Follain
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Luc Mercier
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Naël Osmani
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- DON: Optique ultrarapide et nanophotonique, IPCMS UMR7504, Strasbourg 67000, France
- LabEx NIE, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Jacky G. Goetz
- Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, Inserm U1109, MN3T, Strasbourg F-67200, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg F-67000, France
- LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67000, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg F-67000, France
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Karreman MA, Mercier L, Schieber NL, Solecki G, Allio G, Winkler F, Ruthensteiner B, Goetz JG, Schwab Y. Fast and precise targeting of single tumor cells in vivo by multimodal correlative microscopy. J Cell Sci 2015; 129:444-56. [PMID: 26659665 PMCID: PMC4732291 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.181842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy provides dynamic understanding of multiple cell biological processes, but its limited resolution has so far precluded structural analysis. Because it is difficult to capture rare and transient events, only a few attempts have been made to observe specific developmental and pathological processes in animal models using electron microscopy. The multimodal correlative approach that we propose here combines intravital microscopy, microscopic X-ray computed tomography and three-dimensional electron microscopy. It enables a rapid (c.a. 2 weeks) and accurate (<5 µm) correlation of functional imaging to ultrastructural analysis of single cells in a relevant context. We demonstrate the power of our approach by capturing single tumor cells in the vasculature of the cerebral cortex and in subcutaneous tumors, providing unique insights into metastatic events. Providing a significantly improved throughput, our workflow enables multiple sampling, a prerequisite for making correlative imaging a relevant tool to study cell biology in vivo. Owing to the versatility of this workflow, we envision broad applications in various fields of biological research, such as cancer or developmental biology. Highlighted Article: We provide here a novel correlative workflow combining intravital microscopy, microCT and 3D electron microscopy to reveal metastatic events in mouse brain and skin tissue at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthia A Karreman
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Luc Mercier
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, Strasbourg 67200, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Nicole L Schieber
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Gergely Solecki
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Guillaume Allio
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, Strasbourg 67200, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Frank Winkler
- Department of Neurooncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany Clinical Cooperation Unit Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | | | - Jacky G Goetz
- MN3T, Inserm U1109, Strasbourg 67200, France Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France LabEx Medalis, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Yannick Schwab
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
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Moreau V, Cordelières FP, Poujol C, Sagot I, Saltel F. Meeting report--Imaging the Cell. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:3843-7. [PMID: 26527200 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.180042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Every two years, the French Society for Cell Biology (SBCF) organises an international meeting called 'Imaging the Cell'. This year, the 8th edition was held on 24-26 June 2015 at University of Bordeaux Campus Victoire in the city of Bordeaux, France, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Over the course of three days, the meeting provided a forum for experts in different areas of cell imaging. Its unique approach was to combine conventional oral presentations during morning sessions with practical workshops at hosting institutes and the Bordeaux Imaging Center during the afternoons. The meeting, co-organised by Violaine Moreau and Frédéric Saltel (both INSERM U1053, Bordeaux, France), Christel Poujol and Fabrice Cordelières (both Bordeaux Imaging Center, Bordeaux, France) and Isabelle Sagot (Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux, France), brought together about 120 scientists including 16 outstanding speakers to discuss the latest advances in cell imaging. Thanks to recent progress in imaging technologies, cell biologists are now able to visualise, follow and manipulate cellular processes with unprecedented accuracy. The meeting sessions and workshops highlighted some of the most exciting developments in the field, with sessions dedicated to optogenetics, high-content screening, in vivo and live-cell imaging, correlative light and electron microscopy, as well as super-resolution imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Moreau
- INSERM, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
| | - Fabrice P Cordelières
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie photonique, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Christel Poujol
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420 CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-US4 INSERM, Pôle d'imagerie photonique, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Isabelle Sagot
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, Bordeaux F-33000, France Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5095 Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33077, France
| | - Frédéric Saltel
- INSERM, U1053, Bordeaux F-33076, France Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux F-33076, France
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Azevedo AS, Follain G, Patthabhiraman S, Harlepp S, Goetz JG. Metastasis of circulating tumor cells: favorable soil or suitable biomechanics, or both? Cell Adh Migr 2015; 9:345-56. [PMID: 26312653 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2015.1059563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the end product of a multistep process where cancer cells disseminate and home themselves in distant organs. Tumor cell extravasation is a rare, inefficient and transient event in nature and makes its studies very difficult. Noteworthy, little is known about how cancer cells arrest, adhere and pass through the endothelium of capillaries. Moreover, the key events driving metastatic growth in specific organs are not well understood. Thus, although metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related death, how cancer cells acquire their abilities to colonize distant organs and why they do so in specific locations remain central questions in the understanding of this deadly disease. In this review, we would like to confront 2 concepts explaining the efficiency and location of metastatic secondary tumors. While the "seed and soil" hypothesis states that metastasis occurs at sites where the local microenvironment is favorable, the "mechanical" concept argues that metastatic seeding occurs at sites of optimal flow patterns. In addition, recent evidence suggests that the primary event driving tumor cell arrest before extravasation is mostly controlled by blood circulation patterns as well as mechanical cues during the process of extravasation. In conclusion, the organ tropism displayed by cancer cells during metastatic colonization is a multi-step process, which is regulated by the delivery and survival of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) through blood circulation, the ability of these CTCs to adhere and cross the physical barrier imposed by the endothelium and finally by the suitability of the soil to favor growth of secondary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Azevedo
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Gautier Follain
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Shankar Patthabhiraman
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,e IPCMS UMR7504 ; Strasbourg , France.,f LabEx NIE; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- a Inserm U1109; MN3T ; Strasbourg , France.,b Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,c LabEx Medalis; Université de Strasbourg ; Strasbourg , France.,d Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) ; Strasbourg , France
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34
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de Boer P, Hoogenboom JP, Giepmans BNG. Correlated light and electron microscopy: ultrastructure lights up! Nat Methods 2015; 12:503-13. [PMID: 26020503 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microscopy has gone hand in hand with the study of living systems since van Leeuwenhoek observed living microorganisms and cells in 1674 using his light microscope. A spectrum of dyes and probes now enable the localization of molecules of interest within living cells by fluorescence microscopy. With electron microscopy (EM), cellular ultrastructure has been revealed. Bridging these two modalities, correlated light microscopy and EM (CLEM) opens new avenues. Studies of protein dynamics with fluorescent proteins (FPs), which leave the investigator 'in the dark' concerning cellular context, can be followed by EM examination. Rare events can be preselected at the light microscopy level before EM analysis. Ongoing development-including of dedicated probes, integrated microscopes, large-scale and three-dimensional EM and super-resolution fluorescence microscopy-now paves the way for broad CLEM implementation in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal de Boer
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacob P Hoogenboom
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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