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Otahalova B, Volkova Z, Soukupova J, Kleiblova P, Janatova M, Vocka M, Macurek L, Kleibl Z. Importance of Germline and Somatic Alterations in Human MRE11, RAD50, and NBN Genes Coding for MRN Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065612. [PMID: 36982687 PMCID: PMC10051278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The MRE11, RAD50, and NBN genes encode for the nuclear MRN protein complex, which senses the DNA double strand breaks and initiates the DNA repair. The MRN complex also participates in the activation of ATM kinase, which coordinates DNA repair with the p53-dependent cell cycle checkpoint arrest. Carriers of homozygous germline pathogenic variants in the MRN complex genes or compound heterozygotes develop phenotypically distinct rare autosomal recessive syndromes characterized by chromosomal instability and neurological symptoms. Heterozygous germline alterations in the MRN complex genes have been associated with a poorly-specified predisposition to various cancer types. Somatic alterations in the MRN complex genes may represent valuable predictive and prognostic biomarkers in cancer patients. MRN complex genes have been targeted in several next-generation sequencing panels for cancer and neurological disorders, but interpretation of the identified alterations is challenging due to the complexity of MRN complex function in the DNA damage response. In this review, we outline the structural characteristics of the MRE11, RAD50 and NBN proteins, the assembly and functions of the MRN complex from the perspective of clinical interpretation of germline and somatic alterations in the MRE11, RAD50 and NBN genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Otahalova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Volkova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, 12853 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-22496-4287
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Belhadj S, Khurram A, Bandlamudi C, Palou-Márquez G, Ravichandran V, Steinsnyder Z, Wildman T, Catchings A, Kemel Y, Mukherjee S, Fesko B, Arora K, Mehine M, Dandiker S, Izhar A, Petrini J, Domchek S, Nathanson KL, Brower J, Couch F, Stadler Z, Robson M, Walsh M, Vijai J, Berger M, Supek F, Karam R, Topka S, Offit K. NBN Pathogenic Germline Variants are Associated with Pan-Cancer Susceptibility and In Vitro DNA Damage Response Defects. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:422-431. [PMID: 36346689 PMCID: PMC9843434 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the role of NBN as a pan-cancer susceptibility gene. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Matched germline and somatic DNA samples from 34,046 patients were sequenced using Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets and presumed pathogenic germline variants (PGV) identified. Allele-specific and gene-centered analysis of enrichment was conducted and a validation cohort of 26,407 pan-cancer patients was analyzed. Functional studies utilized cellular models with analysis of protein expression, MRN complex formation/localization, and viability assessment following treatment with γ-irradiation. RESULTS We identified 83 carriers of 32 NBN PGVs (0.25% of the studied series), 40% of which (33/83) carried the Slavic founder p.K219fs. The frequency of PGVs varied across cancer types. Patients harboring NBN PGVs demonstrated increased loss of the wild-type allele in their tumors [OR = 2.7; confidence interval (CI): 1.4-5.5; P = 0.0024; pan-cancer], including lung and pancreatic tumors compared with breast and colorectal cancers. p.K219fs was enriched across all tumor types (OR = 2.22; CI: 1.3-3.6; P = 0.0018). Gene-centered analysis revealed enrichment of PGVs in cases compared with controls in the European population (OR = 1.9; CI: 1.3-2.7; P = 0.0004), a finding confirmed in the replication cohort (OR = 1.8; CI: 1.2-2.6; P = 0.003). Two novel truncating variants, p.L19* and p.N71fs, produced a 45 kDa fragment generated by alternative translation initiation that maintained binding to MRE11. Cells expressing these fragments showed higher sensitivity to γ-irradiation and lower levels of radiation-induced KAP1 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Burden analyses, biallelic inactivation, and functional evidence support the role of NBN as contributing to a broad cancer spectrum. Further studies in large pan-cancer series and the assessment of epistatic and environmental interactions are warranted to further define these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Belhadj
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | - Aliya Khurram
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Department of Pathology, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Guillermo Palou-Márquez
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vignesh Ravichandran
- Department of Pathology, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Zoe Steinsnyder
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Temima Wildman
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Amanda Catchings
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Yelena Kemel
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Benjamin Fesko
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Kanika Arora
- Department of Pathology, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Miika Mehine
- Department of Pathology, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sita Dandiker
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Aalin Izhar
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - John Petrini
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Susan Domchek
- Basser Center for BRCA and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine L. Nathanson
- Basser Center for BRCA and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jamie Brower
- Basser Center for BRCA and Abramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fergus Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zsofia Stadler
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Mark Robson
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Breast Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael Walsh
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael Berger
- Department of Pathology, Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Fran Supek
- Genome Data Science, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona institute for Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Sabine Topka
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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McCarthy-Leo C, Darwiche F, Tainsky MA. DNA Repair Mechanisms, Protein Interactions and Therapeutic Targeting of the MRN Complex. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5278. [PMID: 36358700 PMCID: PMC9656488 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of a DNA double-strand break relies upon a pathway of proteins to identify damage, regulate cell cycle checkpoints, and repair the damage. This process is initiated by a sensor protein complex, the MRN complex, comprised of three proteins-MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1. After a double-stranded break, the MRN complex recruits and activates ATM, in-turn activating other proteins such as BRCA1/2, ATR, CHEK1/2, PALB2 and RAD51. These proteins have been the focus of many studies for their individual roles in hereditary cancer syndromes and are included on several genetic testing panels. These panels have enabled us to acquire large amounts of genetic data, much of which remains a challenge to interpret due to the presence of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). While the primary aim of clinical testing is to accurately and confidently classify variants in order to inform medical management, the presence of VUSs has led to ambiguity in genetic counseling. Pathogenic variants within MRN complex genes have been implicated in breast, ovarian, prostate, colon cancers and gliomas; however, the hundreds of VUSs within MRE11, RAD50, and NBS1 precludes the application of these data in genetic guidance of carriers. In this review, we discuss the MRN complex's role in DNA double-strand break repair, its interactions with other cancer predisposing genes, the variants that can be found within the three MRN complex genes, and the MRN complex's potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire McCarthy-Leo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fatima Darwiche
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael A. Tainsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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4
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Kim K, Kirby TW, Perera L, London RE. Phosphopeptide interactions of the Nbs1 N-terminal FHA-BRCT1/2 domains. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9046. [PMID: 33907233 PMCID: PMC8079451 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Nbs1, a component of the MRN complex involved in DNA double strand break repair, contains a concatenated N-terminal FHA-BRCT1/2 sequence that supports interaction with multiple phosphopeptide binding partners. MDC1 binding localizes Nbs1 to the damage site, while binding of CDK-phosphorylated CtIP activates additional ATM-dependent CtIP phosphorylation, modulating substrate-dependent resection. We have investigated the phosphopeptide binding characteristics of Nbs1 BRCT1/2 based on a molecular modeling approach that revealed structural homology with the tandem TopBP1 BRCT7/8 domains. Relevance of the model was substantiated by the ability of TopBP1-binding FANCJ phosphopeptide to interact with hsNbsBRCT1/2, albeit with lower affinity. The modeled BRCT1/2 is characterized by low pSer/pThr selectivity, preference for a cationic residue at the + 2 position, and an inter-domain binding cleft selective for hydrophobic residues at the + 3/ + 4 positions. These features provide insight into the basis for interaction of SDT motifs with the BRCT1/2 domains and allowed identification of CtIP pSer347- and pThr847-containing phosphopeptides as high and lower affinity ligands, respectively. Among other binding partners considered, rodent XRCC1 contains an SDT sequence in the second linker consistent with high-affinity Nbs1 binding, while human XRCC1 lacks this motif, but contains other phosphorylated sequences that exhibit low-affinity binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Thomas W Kirby
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Robert E London
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
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5
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A polygenic predictor of treatment-resistant depression using whole exome sequencing and genome-wide genotyping. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:50. [PMID: 32066715 PMCID: PMC7026437 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) occurs in ~30% of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) but the genetics of TRD was previously poorly investigated. Whole exome sequencing and genome-wide genotyping were available in 1209 MDD patients after quality control. Antidepressant response was compared to non-response to one treatment and non-response to two or more treatments (TRD). Differences in the risk of carrying damaging variants were tested. A score expressing the burden of variants in genes and pathways was calculated weighting each variant for its functional (Eigen) score and frequency. Gene-based and pathway-based scores were used to develop predictive models of TRD and non-response using gradient boosting in 70% of the sample (training) which were tested in the remaining 30% (testing), evaluating also the addition of clinical predictors. Independent replication was tested in STAR*D and GENDEP using exome array-based data. TRD and non-responders did not show higher risk to carry damaging variants compared to responders. Genes/pathways associated with TRD included those modulating cell survival and proliferation, neurodegeneration, and immune response. Genetic models showed significant prediction of TRD vs. response and they were improved by the addition of clinical predictors, but they were not significantly better than clinical predictors alone. Replication results were driven by clinical factors, except for a model developed in subjects treated with serotonergic antidepressants, which showed a clear improvement in prediction at the extremes of the genetic score distribution in STAR*D. These results suggested relevant biological mechanisms implicated in TRD and a new methodological approach to the prediction of TRD.
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NBS1 interacts with HP1 to ensure genome integrity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:951. [PMID: 31836699 PMCID: PMC6911104 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2185-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) and the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex are conserved factors that play crucial role in genome stability and integrity. Despite their involvement in overlapping cellular functions, ranging from chromatin organization, telomere maintenance to DNA replication and repair, a tight functional relationship between HP1 and the MRN complex has never been elucidated. Here we show that the Drosophila HP1a protein binds to the MRN complex through its chromoshadow domain (CSD). In addition, loss of any of the MRN members reduces HP1a levels indicating that the MRN complex acts as regulator of HP1a stability. Moreover, overexpression of HP1a in nbs (but not in rad50 or mre11) mutant cells drastically reduces DNA damage associated with the loss of Nbs suggesting that HP1a and Nbs work in concert to maintain chromosome integrity in flies. We have also found that human HP1α and NBS1 interact with each other and that, similarly to Drosophila, siRNA-mediated inhibition of NBS1 reduces HP1α levels in human cultured cells. Surprisingly, fibroblasts from Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) patients, carrying the 657del5 hypomorphic mutation in NBS1 and expressing the p26 and p70 NBS1 fragments, accumulate HP1α indicating that, differently from NBS1 knockout cells, the presence of truncated NBS1 extends HP1α turnover and/or promotes its stability. Remarkably, an siRNA-mediated reduction of HP1α in NBS fibroblasts decreases the hypersensitivity to irradiation, a characteristic of the NBS syndrome. Overall, our data provide an unanticipated evidence of a close interaction between HP1 and NBS1 that is essential for genome stability and point up HP1α as a potential target to counteract chromosome instability in NBS patient cells.
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Fiévet A, Bellanger D, Zahed L, Burglen L, Derrien AC, Dubois d'Enghien C, Lespinasse J, Parfait B, Pedespan JM, Rieunier G, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Stern MH. DNA repair functional analyses of NBN hypomorphic variants associated with NBN-related infertility. Hum Mutat 2019; 41:608-618. [PMID: 31729086 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nijmegen breakage syndrome caused by biallelic pathogenic variants of the DNA-damage response gene NBN, is characterized by severe microcephaly, cancer proneness, infertility, and karyotype abnormalities. We previously reported NBN variants in siblings suffering from fertility defects. Here, we identify a new founder NBN variant (c.442A>G, p.(Thr148Ala)) in Lebanese patients associated with isolated infertility. Functional analyses explored preserved or altered functions correlated with their remarkably mild phenotype. Transcript and protein analyses supported the use of an alternative transcript with in-frame skipping of exons 4-5, leading to p84-NBN protein with a preserved forkhead-associated (FHA) domain. The level of NBN was dramatically reduced and the MRN complex delocalized to the cytoplasm. Interestingly, ataxia-elangiectasia mutated (ATM) also shifted from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, suggesting some interaction between ATM and the MRN complex at a steady state. The ATM pathway activation, attenuated in typical patients with NBS, appeared normal under camptothecin treatment in these new NBN-related infertile patients. Cell cycle checkpoint defect was present in these atypical patients, although to a lesser extent than in typical patients with NBS. In conclusion, we report three new NBN-related infertile patients and we suggest that preserved FHA domain could be responsible for the mild phenotype and intermediate DNA-damage response defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Fiévet
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,D.R.U.M. Team, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique, Institut Curie Hôpital, Paris, France.,Service Génétique des Tumeurs, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Dorine Bellanger
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,D.R.U.M. Team, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Laila Zahed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de Référence des, Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet, Paris, France.,GRC n°19, Pathologies Congénitales du Cervelet-LeucoDystrophies, Hôpital Armand Trousseau (APHP), Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM U1141, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Département de Génétique Médicale (GHUEP), Hôpital Armand Trousseau (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Anne-Céline Derrien
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,D.R.U.M. Team, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - James Lespinasse
- Génétique Chromosomique, Centre Hospitalier Metropole Savoie, Chambéry-Hôtel-Dieu, Chambéry, France
| | - Béatrice Parfait
- Centre de ressources Biologiques, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Guillaume Rieunier
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,D.R.U.M. Team, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- D.R.U.M. Team, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique, Institut Curie Hôpital, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne-Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,D.R.U.M. Team, INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique, Institut Curie Hôpital, Paris, France
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8
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Gass J, Jackson J, Macklin S, Blackburn P, Hines S, Atwal PS. A case of contralateral breast cancer and skin cancer associated with NBN heterozygous pathogenic variant c.698_701delAACA. Fam Cancer 2018; 16:551-553. [PMID: 28374160 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-017-9982-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 39.6% of people will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime. Several factors including, lifestyle, environment and genetics may play a role in its development. Understanding these causes will greatly improve treatment methods, prevention, and survival rates of these patients. Our patient, who has a positive family history of cancer, presented with contralateral breast cancer and multiple skin malignancies. Genetic testing revealed a frameshift variant in NBN. This gene encodes the protein, nibrin, which is involved in maintaining genomic stability. Several reports have identified heterozygous NBN frameshift (c.2028delT, c.2097dupT, c.657-661delACAAA) and splice site variants (c.1397+delG) in patients with breast cancer. However, our report is the first to describe a heterozygous c.698_701delAACA NBN variant in a patient with breast cancer. Since NBN is involved in DNA integrity, loss of functional protein due to pathogenic variants significantly increases the risk of various cancers. Given the family and personal history of our patient, in connection with previous reports of NBN pathogenic variants predisposition to cancer, this variant is predicted to be pathogenic and clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gass
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA. .,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sarah Macklin
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Patrick Blackburn
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Stephanie Hines
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diagnostic & Consultative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Paldeep S Atwal
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road South, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
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9
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Connelly KE, Hedrick V, Paschoal Sobreira TJ, Dykhuizen EC, Aryal UK. Analysis of Human Nuclear Protein Complexes by Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Profiling. Proteomics 2018; 18:e1700427. [PMID: 29655301 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of protein complexes provides insights into how the ensemble of expressed proteome is organized into functional units. While there have been advances in techniques for proteome-wide profiling of cytoplasmic protein complexes, information about human nuclear protein complexes are very limited. To close this gap, we combined native size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with label-free quantitative MS profiling to characterize hundreds of nuclear protein complexes isolated from human glioblastoma multiforme T98G cells. We identified 1794 proteins that overlapped between two biological replicates of which 1244 proteins were characterized as existing within stably associated putative complexes. co-IP experiments confirmed the interaction of PARP1 with Ku70/Ku80 proteins and HDAC1 (histone deacetylase complex 1) and CHD4. HDAC1/2 also co-migrated with various SIN3A and nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase components in SEC fractionation including SIN3A, SAP30, RBBP4, RBBP7, and NCOR1. Co-elution of HDAC1/2/3 with both the KDM1A and RCOR1 further confirmed that these proteins are integral components of human deacetylase complexes. Our approach also demonstrated the ability to identify potential moonlighting complexes and novel complexes containing uncharacterized proteins. Overall, the results demonstrated the utility of SEC fractionation and LC-MS analysis for system-wide profiling of proteins to predict the existence of distinct forms of nuclear protein complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn E Connelly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Victoria Hedrick
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Biosciences Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, 1203 W. State Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tiago Jose Paschoal Sobreira
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Biosciences Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, 1203 W. State Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, 201 S. University Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Uma K Aryal
- Purdue Proteomics Facility, Bindley Biosciences Center, Discovery Park, Purdue University, 1203 W. State Street, 47907, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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10
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Tomasik B, Pastorczak A, Fendler W, Bartłomiejczyk M, Braun M, Mycko M, Madzio J, Polakowska E, Ulińska E, Matysiak M, Derwich K, Lejman M, Kowalczyk J, Badowska W, Kazanowska B, Szczepański T, Styczyński J, Irga-Jaworska N, Młynarski W. Heterozygous carriers of germline c.657_661del5 founder mutation in NBN gene are at risk of central nervous system relapse of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica 2018; 103:e200-e203. [PMID: 29419426 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.181198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Tomasik
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Department of Biostatistics & Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Pastorczak
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Department of Biostatistics & Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Bartłomiejczyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Braun
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Pathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Mycko
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Madzio
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Polakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Edyta Ulińska
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Matysiak
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Derwich
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantology, Medical University of Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Lejman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kowalczyk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Wanda Badowska
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children Hospital, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Bernarda Kazanowska
- Department and Clinic of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szczepański
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Jan Styczyński
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Nina Irga-Jaworska
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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11
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Abstract
The NBN component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBN (MRN) complex and the ATM kinase have been identified as clients of the HSP90α chaperone. Inhibition of HSP90 leads to reduced stability of NBN and ATM and an impaired DNA damage response. These results identify new regulatory details of the DNA damage response and further explain the chemosensitizing effects of HSP90 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis H Stracker
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
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12
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Mlody B, Wruck W, Martins S, Sperling K, Adjaye J. Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome fibroblasts and iPSCs: cellular models for uncovering disease-associated signaling pathways and establishing a screening platform for anti-oxidants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7516. [PMID: 28790359 PMCID: PMC5548734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07905-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is associated with cancer predisposition, premature aging, immune deficiency, microcephaly and is caused by mutations in the gene coding for NIBRIN (NBN) which is involved in DNA damage repair. Dermal-derived fibroblasts from NBS patients were reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in order to bypass premature senescence. The influence of antioxidants on intracellular levels of ROS and DNA damage were screened and it was found that EDHB-an activator of the hypoxia pathway, decreased DNA damage in the presence of high oxidative stress. Furthermore, NBS fibroblasts but not NBS-iPSCs were found to be more susceptible to the induction of DNA damage than their healthy counterparts. Global transcriptome analysis comparing NBS to healthy fibroblasts and NBS-iPSCs to embryonic stem cells revealed regulation of P53 in NBS fibroblasts and NBS-iPSCs. Cell cycle related genes were down-regulated in NBS fibroblasts. Furthermore, oxidative phosphorylation was down-regulated and glycolysis up-regulated specifically in NBS-iPSCs compared to embryonic stem cells. Our study demonstrates the utility of NBS-iPSCs as a screening platform for anti-oxidants capable of suppressing DNA damage and a cellular model for studying NBN de-regulation in cancer and microcephaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mlody
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (MDC), 13092, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wasco Wruck
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Soraia Martins
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Sperling
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Medical and Human Genetics, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - James Adjaye
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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13
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Deripapa E, Balashov D, Rodina Y, Laberko A, Myakova N, Davydova NV, Gordukova MA, Abramov DS, Pay GV, Shelikhova L, Prodeus AP, Maschan MA, Maschan AA, Shcherbina A. Prospective Study of a Cohort of Russian Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Patients Demonstrating Predictive Value of Low Kappa-Deleting Recombination Excision Circle (KREC) Numbers and Beneficial Effect of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT). Front Immunol 2017; 8:807. [PMID: 28791007 PMCID: PMC5523727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) is a combined primary immunodeficiency with DNA repair defect, microcephaly, and other phenotypical features. It predominantly occurs in Slavic populations that have a high frequency of carriers with the causative NBN gene c.657_661del5 mutation. Due to the rarity of the disease in the rest of the world, studies of NBS patients are few. Here, we report a prospective study of a cohort of Russian NBS patients. METHODS 35 Russian NBS patients of ages 1-19 years, referred to our Center between years 2012 and 2016, were prospectively studied. RESULTS Despite the fact that in 80% of the patients microcephaly was diagnosed at birth or shortly thereafter, the average delay of NBS diagnosis was 6.5 years. Though 80% of the patients had laboratory signs of immunodeficiency, only 51% of the patients experienced significant infections. Autoimmune complications including interstitial lymphocytic lung disease and skin granulomas were noted in 34%, malignancies-in 57% of the patients. T-cell excision circle (TREC)/kappa-deleting recombination excision circle (KREC) levels were low in the majority of patients studied. Lower KREC levels correlated with autoimmune and oncological complications. Fifteen patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 10 of them were alive and well, with good graft function. Three patients in the HSCT group and five non-transplanted patients died; tumor progression being the main cause of death. The probability of the overall survival since NBS diagnosis was 0.76 in the HSCT group and 0.3 in the non-transplanted group. CONCLUSION Based on our findings of low TRECs in most NBS patients, independent of their age, TREC detection can be potentially useful for detection of NBS patients during neonatal screening. KREC concentration can be used as a prognostic marker of disease severity. HSCT is a viable treatment option in NBS and should be especially considered in patients with low KREC numbers early on, before development of life-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Deripapa
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Balashov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Rodina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Laberko
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Myakova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliia V. Davydova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Speransky Children’s Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Dmitrii S. Abramov
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina V. Pay
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Larisa Shelikhova
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey P. Prodeus
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Speransky Children’s Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Maschan
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Shcherbina
- Dmitry Rogachev National Research and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
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14
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Pennisi R, Antoccia A, Leone S, Ascenzi P, di Masi A. Hsp90α regulates ATM and NBN functions in sensing and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. FEBS J 2017. [PMID: 28631426 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90α) regulates cell proteostasis and mitigates the harmful effects of endogenous and exogenous stressors on the proteome. Indeed, the inhibition of Hsp90α ATPase activity affects the cellular response to ionizing radiation (IR). Although the interplay between Hsp90α and several DNA damage response (DDR) proteins has been reported, its role in the DDR is still unclear. Here, we show that ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated kinase (ATM) and nibrin (NBN), but not 53BP1, RAD50, and MRE11, are Hsp90α clients as the Hsp90α inhibitor 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) induces ATM and NBN polyubiquitination and proteosomal degradation in normal fibroblasts and lymphoblastoid cell lines. Hsp90α-ATM and Hsp90α-NBN complexes are present in unstressed and irradiated cells, allowing the maintenance of ATM and NBN stability that is required for the MRE11/RAD50/NBN complex-dependent ATM activation and the ATM-dependent phosphorylation of both NBN and Hsp90α in response to IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Hsp90α forms a complex also with ph-Ser1981-ATM following IR. Upon phosphorylation, NBN dissociates from Hsp90α and translocates at the DSBs, while phThr5/7-Hsp90α is not recruited at the damaged sites. The inhibition of Hsp90α affects nuclear localization of MRE11 and RAD50, impairs DDR signaling (e.g., BRCA1 and CHK2 phosphorylation), and slows down DSBs repair. Hsp90α inhibition does not affect DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity, which possibly phosphorylates Hsp90α and H2AX after IR. Notably, Hsp90α inhibition causes H2AX phosphorylation in proliferating cells, this possibly indicating replication stress events. Overall, present data shed light on the regulatory role of Hsp90α on the DDR, controlling ATM and NBN stability and influencing the DSBs signaling and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Pennisi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Antoccia
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Leone
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Ascenzi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra di Masi
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Roma, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Biostrutture e Biosistemi, Roma, Italy
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15
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The Slavic NBN Founder Mutation: A Role for Reproductive Fitness? PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167984. [PMID: 27936167 PMCID: PMC5148078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of patients with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) are of Slavic origin and carry a deleterious deletion (c.657del5; rs587776650) in the NBN gene on chromosome 8q21. This mutation is essentially confined to Slavic populations and may thus be considered a Slavic founder mutation. Notably, not a single parenthood of a homozygous c.657del5 carrier has been reported to date, while heterozygous carriers do reproduce but have an increased cancer risk. These observations seem to conflict with the considerable carrier frequency of c.657del5 of 0.5% to 1% as observed in different Slavic populations because deleterious mutations would be eliminated quite rapidly by purifying selection. Therefore, we propose that heterozygous c.657del5 carriers have increased reproductive success, i.e., that the mutation confers heterozygote advantage. In fact, in our cohort study of the reproductive history of 24 NBS pedigrees from the Czech Republic, we observed that female carriers gave birth to more children on average than female non-carriers, while no such reproductive differences were observed for males. We also estimate that c.657del5 likely occurred less than 300 generations ago, thus supporting the view that the original mutation predated the historic split and subsequent spread of the ‘Slavic people’. We surmise that the higher fertility of female c.657del5 carriers reflects a lower miscarriage rate in these women, thereby reflecting the role of the NBN gene product, nibrin, in the repair of DNA double strand breaks and their processing in immune gene rearrangements, telomere maintenance, and meiotic recombination, akin to the previously described role of the DNA repair genes BRCA1 and BRCA2.
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16
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PML nuclear body disruption impairs DNA double-strand break sensing and repair in APL. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2308. [PMID: 27468685 PMCID: PMC4973339 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair localize within the promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML-NBs), whose disruption is at the root of the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) pathogenesis. All-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment induces PML-RARα degradation, restores PML-NB functions, and causes terminal cell differentiation of APL blasts. However, the precise role of the APL-associated PML-RARα oncoprotein and PML-NB integrity in the DSB response in APL leukemogenesis and tumor suppression is still lacking. Primary leukemia blasts isolated from APL patients showed high phosphorylation levels of H2AX (γ-H2AX), an initial DSBs sensor. By addressing the consequences of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DSB response in primary APL blasts and RA-responsive and -resistant myeloid cell lines carrying endogenous or ectopically expressed PML-RARα, before and after treatment with RA, we found that the disruption of PML-NBs is associated with delayed DSB response, as revealed by the impaired kinetic of disappearance of γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci and activation of ATM and of its substrates H2AX, NBN, and CHK2. The disruption of PML-NB integrity by PML-RARα also affects the IR-induced DSB response in a preleukemic mouse model of APL in vivo. We propose the oncoprotein-dependent PML-NB disruption and DDR impairment as relevant early events in APL tumorigenesis.
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17
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Kumar H, Devaraji V, Joshi R, Jadhao M, Ahirkar P, Prasath R, Bhavana P, Ghosh SK. Antihypertensive activity of a quinoline appended chalcone derivative and its site specific binding interaction with a relevant target carrier protein. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra08778c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of heterocyclic chalcone derivative as a therapeutic target in controlling hypertension and its site specific binding interaction with model transport protein to get a clear picture about its delivery mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himank Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Vinod Devaraji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Madras Medical College
- Chennai
- India
| | - Ritika Joshi
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Manojkumar Jadhao
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - Piyush Ahirkar
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
| | - R. Prasath
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS-Pilani
- Zuarinagar
- India
| | - P. Bhavana
- Department of Chemistry
- BITS-Pilani
- Zuarinagar
- India
| | - Sujit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology
- Nagpur
- India
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