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Tori M. Cumulative Data of 1H and 13C NMR Signals and Specific Rotations of Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids. 1. Bicyclic Eremophilanes (1). Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221109527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals and specific rotations of eremophilane sesquiterpenoids are cumulated as a series of review articles. In the first chapter of this review, 332 bicyclic eremophilanes, namely with no furan or lactone rings (except for epoxides), without 3-OR functionality (except for hydroxy, acetoxy, and carbonyl) are listed in tables. These data may help chemists working in the area of natural products chemistry as well as synthetic scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
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2
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Hu L, Yang R, Wang YH, Gong X. The natural hybridization between species Ligularia nelumbifolia and Cremanthodium stenoglossum (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) suggests underdeveloped reproductive isolation and ambiguous intergeneric boundary. AOB PLANTS 2021; 13:plab012. [PMID: 33796247 PMCID: PMC7994929 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization is frequent in plants and is considered an important factor facilitating speciation. The natural intergeneric hybridization between Ligularia and Cremanthodium was previously confirmed using a couple of DNA markers. However, the mechanism of this intergeneric hybridization and the role of reproductive isolation in the process of hybridization remain unclear. Here we used double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) to further quantify the occurrence of hybridization, the genetic structure of the hybrid population and the role of reproductive isolation between Ligularia nelumbifolia and Cremanthodium stenoglossum. The results based on the ddRAD-seq SNP data sets indicated that hybridization between L. nelumbifolia and C. stenoglossum was restricted to F1s, and no gene introgression was identified between these two species. STRUCTURE analysis and maximum likelihood (ML) tree results showed a slightly larger genetic contribution of L. nelumbifolia to putative hybrid F1s. We deduced that the reproductive isolation between these two parent species is not well-developed but still strong enough to maintain the genetic integrity of the species, and that their F1s are sterile or with low fertility. Given the poorly resolved phylogenetic relationship between Ligularia and Cremanthodium, the occurrence of natural hybridization between L. nelumbifolia and C. stenoglossum may provide new insights into the re-circumscription and re-delimitation of these two genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hu
- Plant Science Institute, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- Plant Science Institute, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Tori M, Kuroda C. Chemical Constituents of Ligularia Species (Asteraceae) and Their Diversity in East Asia. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 113:1-247. [PMID: 33721145 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53028-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
More than 100 Ligularia species and those of several related genera (Cremanthodium, Cacalia, Senecio, and others) in the plant family Senecioneae grow in East Asia. For many years, researchers have studied the chemical constituents of these plants, and terpenoids, flavonoids, sterols, alkaloids, and aromatic compounds have been isolated. Among these, in particular, numerous sesquiterpenoids were reported. In this contribution, relevant chemical studies are described mainly from literature reports appearing since 2000, inclusive of investigations performed by the present authors, on the diversity in secondary metabolites of Ligularia growing in the Hengduan Mountains area of China, focusing on eremophilane sesquiterpenoids and other metabolites. Terpenoids and aromatic compounds (totaling 1049), both new and known, are listed. Genetic studies and synthesis investigations are also reviewed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Okamoto Y, Fukui A, Hashida T, Shiojiri K, Kuroda C, Tori M, Gong X, Hanai R. Chemical Composition of Intergeneric Hybrids Between Ligularia and Cremanthodium Collected in Sichuan Province of China. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19878931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two intergeneric hybrids between Ligularia nelumbifolia and Cremanthodium stenoglossum were examined with respect to the chemical composition of root extracts and the sequences of neutral DNA regions. The DNA data showed that the direction of hybridization was different between the individuals. Eremophilane sesquiterpenes were found in both hybrids and deduced to have come from their Cremanthodium parents, because sesquiterpenes were detected in C. stenoglossum but not in L. nelumbifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Arisa Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashida
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chiaki Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan
| | - Xun Gong
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, China
| | - Ryo Hanai
- Department of Life Science and Research Center of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang R, Folk R, Zhang N, Gong X. Homoploid hybridization of plants in the Hengduan mountains region. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8399-8410. [PMID: 31380098 PMCID: PMC6662326 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hengduan Mountains Region (HMR) is a major global biodiversity hotspot. Complex tectonic and historical climatic conditions created opportunities for natural interspecific hybridization. Likewise, anthropogenic disturbance potentially raises the frequency of hybridization. Among species studies to date, the frequency of homoploid hybridization appears in the HMR. Of nine taxa in which natural hybridization has been detected, three groups are involved in homoploid hybrid speciation, and species pairs from the remaining six genera suggest that continuous gene flow occurs in hybrid zones. Reproductive isolation may greatly affect the dynamic and architecture of hybrid zones in the HMR. Asymmetrical hybridization and introgression can primarily be attributed to both prezygotic and postzygotic barriers. The frequent observation of such asymmetry may imply that reproductive barrier contributes to maintaining species boundaries in the alpine region. Ecological isolations with environmental disturbance may promote breeding barriers between parental species and hybrids. Hybrid zones may be an important phase for homoploid hybrid speciation. Hybrid zones potentially provided abundant genetic resources for the diversification of the HMR flora. The ecological and molecular mechanisms of control and mediation for natural hybridization will help biologists to understand the formation of biodiversity in the HMR. More researches from ecological and molecular aspects were required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ryan Folk
- Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East AsiaKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and BiotechnologyKunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant ResourcesKunmingChina
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Pinheiro APB, Melo RMC, Teixeira DF, Birindelli JLO, Carvalho DC, Rizzo E. Integrative approach detects natural hybridization of sympatric lambaris species and emergence of infertile hybrids. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4333. [PMID: 30867523 PMCID: PMC6416303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its relevance for ecology, evolution and conservation of species, natural hybridization and hybrids biology are still poorly studied in freshwater fish. Here, we tested the hypothesis that sympatric species Astyanax paranae and A. fasciatus are able to interbreed in the natural environment and presented evidence for the first record of hybridization between these species. We analyzed anatomical traits, gametogenesis, reproductive biology, and genetic variations of the COI and S7 genes of both species and putative hybrids. Intermediate morphometric and meristic features were observed in hybrids when compared to A. paranae and A. fasciatus. Overlap in reproductive season was showed for these species, with greater reproductive activity from August to January, but hybrids did not present any sign of gonadal maturation. Oogonia and perinucleolar follicles as well as spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes were found in hybrids, but previtellogenic and vitellogenic follicles, spermatids, and spermatozoa were absent. Moreover, several alterations in gametogenesis were detected, such as interrupted meiosis in both males and females, vacuolated and degenerated germ cells, increased interstitial tissue, and presence of immune cells. Molecular analyses supported the hypothesis of hybridization between A. paranae and A. fasciatus. Overall, our multidisciplinary approach also provides strong evidence that hybrids are infertile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Barbosa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C. P. 486, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C. P. 486, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fonseca Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, 30535-610, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Luís Olivan Birindelli
- Departamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, UEL, Londrina, C. P. 10.011, 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cardoso Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, PUC Minas, Belo Horizonte, 30535-610, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, C. P. 486, 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zhang N, Ma Y, Folk RA, Yu J, Pan Y, Gong X. Maintenance of species boundaries in three sympatric Ligularia (Senecioneae, Asteraceae) species. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:986-999. [PMID: 29877612 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The key process in speciation concerns the formation and maintenance of reproductive isolating barriers between diverging lineages. Although species boundaries are frequently investigated between two species across many taxa, reproductive isolating barriers among multiple species (>2) that would represent the most common phenomenon in nature, remain to be clarified. Here, we use double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to examine patterns of hybridization at a sympatric site where three Ligularia species grow together and verify whether those patterns contribute to the maintenance of boundaries among species. The results based on the RAD SNP datasets indicated hybridization Ligularia cyathiceps × L. duciformis and L. duciformis × L. yunnanensis were both restricted to F1 s plus a few first-generation backcrosses and no gene introgression were identified, giving rise to strong reproductive isolation among hybridizing species. Moreover, hybrid swarm simulation, using HYBRIDLAB, indicated the RAD SNP datasets had sufficient discriminatory power for accurate hybrid detection. We conclude that parental species show strong reproductive isolation and they still maintain species boundaries, which may be the key mechanism to maintain species diversity of Ligularia in the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas. Moreover, this study highlights the effectiveness of RAD sequencing in hybridization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongpeng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ryan A Folk
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jiaojun Yu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yuezhi Pan
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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Chen X, Zhou J, Cui Y, Wang Y, Duan B, Yao H. Identification of Ligularia Herbs Using the Complete Chloroplast Genome as a Super-Barcode. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:695. [PMID: 30034337 PMCID: PMC6043804 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 30 Ligularia Cass. (Asteraceae) species have long been used in folk medicine in China. Morphological features and common DNA regions are both not ideal to identify Ligularia species. As some Ligularia species contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which are hazardous to human and animal health and are involved in metabolic toxification in the liver, it is important to find a better way to distinguish these species. Here, we report complete chloroplast (CP) genomes of six Ligularia species, L. intermedia, L. jaluensis, L. mongolica, L. hodgsonii, L. veitchiana, and L. fischeri, obtained through high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. These CP genomes showed typical circular tetramerous structure and their sizes range from 151,118 to 151,253 bp. The GC content of each CP genome is 37.5%. Every CP genome contains 134 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, eight rRNA genes, and two pseudogenes (ycf1 and rps19). From the mVISTA, there were no potential coding or non-coding regions to distinguish these six Ligularia species, but the maximum likelihood tree of the six Ligularia species and other related species showed that the whole CP genome can be used as a super-barcode to identify these six Ligularia species. This study provides invaluable data for species identification, allowing for future studies on phylogenetic evolution and safe medical applications of Ligularia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlian Chen
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxian Cui
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baozhong Duan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang NN, Yu JJ, Wang YH, Gong X. Molecular evidence for asymmetric hybridization in three closely related sympatric species. AOB PLANTS 2018; 10:ply011. [PMID: 29492242 PMCID: PMC5824843 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/ply011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization is common in plants and results in different evolutionary consequences to hybridizing species. Pre- and post-zygotic reproductive isolating barriers can impede hybridization between closely related species to maintain their species integrity. In Northwest Yunnan, three Ligularia species (Ligularia cyathiceps, L. duciformis and L. yunnanensis) and four types of morphologically intermediate individuals were discovered growing together in an area subject to human disturbance. In this study, we used three low-copy nuclear loci to test the natural hybridization hypothesis and the hybridization direction was ascertained by three chloroplast DNA fragments. The results indicated there were two hybridization groups at the study site, L. cyathiceps × L. duciformis and L. duciformis × L. yunnanensis, and two types of morphologically intermediate individuals were produced by L. cyathiceps and L. duciformis, and another two types were produced by L. duciformis and L. yunnanensis, while no hybrids between L. cyathiceps and L. yunnanensis were observed. Both hybridizing groups showed bidirectional but asymmetric hybridization and the factors influencing the symmetry are discussed. Most hybrids produced by the two hybridization groups seemed to be F1 generation. Hybrids with different morphologies within the same hybridization group showed similar genetic components. The results suggest that although human disturbance may promote natural hybridization among the three Ligularia species bringing them together, hybrids are limited to F1s and therefore species boundaries might be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Zhang
- Plant Science Institute, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049 Beijing, China
| | - Jiao-Jun Yu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- Plant Science Institute, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Zhang R, Gong X, Folk R. Evidence for continual hybridization rather than hybrid speciation between Ligularia duciformis and L. paradoxa (Asteraceae). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3884. [PMID: 29038755 PMCID: PMC5640982 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hybrids possess phenotypic traits that are often intermediate between their parental taxa, which commonly serves as evidence of hybridization in morphological analyses. Natural hybridization has been shown to occur frequently in Ligularia (Asteraceae). In a previous study, Ligularia ×maoniushanensis was demonstrated as a natural hybrid species between L. duciformis and L. paradoxa based on morphological and reproductive traits. Methods We used three chloroplast (cpDNA) fragments (psbA-trnH, trnL-rpl32 and trnQ-5′rps16), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), and co-dominant SSR and dominant ISSR markers to study natural hybridization between L. duciformis and L. paradoxa growing sympatrically in two locations. Parental taxa were inferred using network analyses of cpDNA and nrITS haplotypes. Admixture among individuals was examined using the Bayesian clustering programs STRUCTURE and NewHybrids based on the SSR and ISSR data; and potential introgression in the SSR loci was assessed using the INTROGRESS package. Results The putative parental species were clearly distinguished from other sympatric Ligularia species by nrITS data, and L. ×maoniushanensis individuals were confirmed to be the hybrid offspring of L. duciformis and L. paradoxa. Moreover, introgression was detected among several individuals morphologically identified as L. duciformis or L. paradoxa. Analyses of the cpDNA data revealed primarily unidirectional hybridization between L. duciformis and L. paradoxa, with L. paradoxa as the maternal parent in Mt. Maoniu, whereas bidirectional but asymmetrical hybridization was inferred to occur in Heihai Lake. The STRUCTURE analyses based on the SSR data detected two distinct clusters among the three taxa. The NewHybrids analyses showed that individuals circumscribed as L. ×maoniushanensis were dominated by early- and later-generation and backcrossing hybrids. The NewHybrids results based on the ISSR data were congruent with SSR results. In addition, introgression was detected in some SSR loci, and heterogeneity among loci was found in terms of detected patterns of introgression. Conclusions Our data provide strong evidence for hybridization and introgression between L. duciformis and L. paradoxa. Ligularia ×maoniushanensis was demonstrated to be of hybrid origin. Since no evident reproductive isolation was found between the two parental species, detected hybrids appear to be part of hybrid swarms resulting from frequent and ongoing gene flow, which might impede the formation of a new hybrid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ryan Folk
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Saito Y, Ichihara M, Takashima Y, Okamoto Y, Gong X, Hanai R, Kuroda C, Tori M. Chemical constituents of hybrids of Ligularia cyathiceps and L. lamarum/L. subspicata collected in China: Structures of subspicatins M, N, O 1, and O 2, and related compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 140:69-76. [PMID: 28460262 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three natural hybrids and an introgressed individual of Ligularia were evaluated based on a combination of morphology, root chemicals, and nucleotide sequences of evolutionally neutral regions to understand the chemical outcomes of hybridization and introgression. Six previously undescribed eremophilane sesquiterpenes were isolated from hybrids between L. cyathiceps and L. lamarum/L. subspicata, and benzofurans were isolated from L. subspicata for the first time. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analyses. Some compounds produced by hybrids have not been detected in either parental species, indicating that the metabolic profile was altered by hybridization and introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Saito
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514 Japan.
| | - Mayu Ichihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Yuriko Takashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
| | - Xun Gong
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ryo Hanai
- Department of Life Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514 Japan
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Sun H, Zhang J, Deng T. Origins and evolution of plant diversity in the Hengduan Mountains, China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2017; 39:161-166. [PMID: 30159507 PMCID: PMC6112316 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
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Ning H, Yu J, Gong X. Bidirectional natural hybridization between sympatric Ligularia vellerea and L. subspicata. PLANT DIVERSITY 2017; 39:214-220. [PMID: 30159514 PMCID: PMC6112292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybridization has been regarded as a crucial pathway of speciation and provides the raw materials for the evolution of biodiversity. The interspecific natural hybridization of the genus Ligularia Cass. is universal and has been considered to be an important factor driving the high diversity of Ligularia species in the Hengduan Mountains, China. Although the natural hybridization between L. vellerea and L. subspicata was reported previously, the direction of hybridization was uncertain due to the limitation of sampling. Thus, in this study, we sampled more individuals and increased two fragments of chloroplast DNA on the basis of the previous study to further verify the natural hybridization between L. vellerea and L. subspicata and confirm the direction of hybridization. Based on DNA sequences (atpB-rbcL, trnL-rpl32, trnQ-5'rps16, and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region) data, we concluded that putative hybrids were primary products of hybridization between L. vellerea and L. subspicata and the hybridization was bidirectional. Moreover, sympatric L. tongolensis was not apparently involved in the hybridization. Surprisingly, some pure L. subspicata individuals showed the disaccordance between morphology and DNA data, which might indicate that introgression occurs between L. vellerea and L. subspicata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Ning
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaojun Yu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Corresponding author. No. 132, Lanhei Road, Panlong District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. Fax: +86 871 65223625.
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Tori M. [Diversity of Plants Belonging to the Genus Ligularia (Asteraceae) Based on Terpenoids and Synthetic Studies on Some Terpenoids]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2016; 136:309-27. [PMID: 26831809 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.15-00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The terpenoid constituents of Ligularia virgaurea (30 samples), Ligularia pleurocaulis (8 samples), Ligularia dictyoneura (8 samples), Ligularia brassicoides (5 samples), Ligularia lingiana (1 sample), and Ligularia liatroides (1 sample)(all belonging to section Senecillis of Ligularia, Asteraceae and collected in Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu provinces, China), from which 220 compounds were isolated, including 113 novel ones, are reviewed. Five chemotypes were identified in L. virgaurea based on their chemical constituents, while three clades were detected from the base sequences. Although intra-specific diversity was found in L. virgaurea, more samples were needed of other species in order to reach a definite conclusion. Inter-specific diversity was also examined in section Senecillis but was restricted due to the scarcity of samples. Synthetic studies on chiral natural products to determine their absolute configurations, especially those of riccardiphenols A and B as well as crispatanolide, which were all isolated from the liverwort, are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Tori M. Terpenoid Composition and Base Sequences of Ligularia virgaurea (Asteraceae) Grown in the Hengduan Mountain Area in China and a Comment on Drawing Structures. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2016; 64:193-206. [PMID: 26936046 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A chemical analysis of 30 samples of Ligularia virgaurea (Asteraceae) collected in Sichuan province and its adjacent territories in China was reviewed. These samples afforded 146 compounds, 73 of which were novel, and the chemical constituents were classified into 8 categories: (1) simple eremophilanes (without ring C) and eudesmanes including nor-derivatives, (2) furanoeremophilanes and lactones with a 1(10)-saturated bond, (3) furanoeremophilanes and lactones with a 1(10)-unsaturated bond, 1,10-epoxide, or 10-ol, (4) furanoeremophilanes and lactones with 1(10)-en-2-one, 1(10)-en-2-ol, or 1-en-3-one, (5) furanoeremophilanes and lactones with 1(10)-en-9-one, 1(10)-en-9-ol, or 1,10-epoxy-9-one, (6) cacalol and their derivatives, (7) bakkanes and their derivatives, and (8) others, as shown in Tables 1-7. In these studies, five chemotypes were identified in addition to three clades from the DNA sequences of L. virgaurea. The structural determination of some compounds was also discussed and a comment on how to express the real structure was proposed, particularly for spiro compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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Tnah LH, Lee SL, Tan AL, Lee CT, Ng KKS, Ng CH. Intraspecific classification of Ficus deltoidea Jack subsp. deltoidea (Moraceae) in Peninsular Malaysia based on morphological and molecular variations. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shimizu A, Hanai R, Okamoto Y, Tori M, Yu JJ, Gong X, Kuroda C. Chemical Constituents in Hybrids of Ligularia tongolensis and L. cymbulifera: Chemical Introgression in L. tongolensis. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:837-44. [PMID: 27233768 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two samples with morphologies intermediate between Ligularia tongolensis and L. cymbulifera were collected in Desha, Sichuan Province, and one, in Pachahai, Yunnan Province, P. R. China. The DNA sequencing confirmed that the samples were hybrids of the two species. Tetradymol (1), the major compound of L. cymbulifera not found in L. tongolensis, was isolated from the hybrid samples collected at both locations, while furanoeremophilan-15-oic acid derivative 4, a compound characteristic to L. tongolensis, was found in the Pachahai hybrid but not in the Desha hybrids. Thus, the chemical consequence of hybridization can be variable. In addition, analysis of L. tongolensis samples at Pachahai indicated that introgression has been a mechanism of generating chemical diversity in the plant. Eleven compounds including three new ones were isolated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanai
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Life Science, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
| | - Yasuko Okamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Motoo Tori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan.
| | - Jiao-Jun Yu
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xun Gong
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.
| | - Chiaki Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center of Smart Molecules, Rikkyo University, Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501, Japan.
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