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Wang P, Ramadan S, Dubey P, Deora R, Huang X. Development of carbohydrate based next-generation anti-pertussis vaccines. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 74:117066. [PMID: 36283250 PMCID: PMC9925305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterial pathogen, Bordetella pertussis. Despite high global vaccination rates, pertussis is resurging worldwide. Here we discuss the development of current pertussis vaccines and their limitations, which highlight the need for new vaccines that can protect against the disease and prevent development of the carrier state, thereby reducing transmission. The lipo-oligosaccharide of Bp is an attractive antigen for vaccine development as the anti-glycan antibodies could have bactericidal activities. The structure of the lipo-oligosaccharide has been determined and its immunological properties analyzed. Strategies enabling the expression, isolation, and bioconjugation have been presented. However, obtaining the saccharide on a large scale with high purity remains one of the main obstacles. Chemical synthesis provides a complementary approach to accessing the carbohydrate epitopes in a pure and structurally well-defined form. The first total synthesis of the non-reducing end pertussis pentasaccharide is discussed. The conjugate of the synthetic glycan with a powerful immunogenic carrier, bacteriophage Qβ, results in high levels and long-lasting anti-glycan IgG antibodies, paving the way for the development of a new generation of anti-pertussis vaccines with high bactericidal activities and biocompatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya 13518, Egypt
| | - Purnima Dubey
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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2
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Wear SS, Sande C, Ovchinnikova OG, Preston A, Whitfield C. Investigation of core machinery for biosynthesis of Vi antigen capsular polysaccharides in Gram-negative bacteria. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101486. [PMID: 34896394 PMCID: PMC8760489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi causes typhoid fever. It possesses a Vi antigen capsular polysaccharide coat that is important for virulence and is the basis of a current glycoconjugate vaccine. Vi antigen is also produced by environmental Bordetella isolates, while mammal-adapted Bordetella species (such as Bordetella bronchiseptica) produce a capsule of undetermined structure that cross-reacts with antibodies recognizing Vi antigen. The Vi antigen backbone is composed of poly-α-(1→4)-linked N-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid, modified with O-acetyl residues that are necessary for vaccine efficacy. Despite its biological and biotechnological importance, some central aspects of Vi antigen production are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that TviE and TviD, two proteins encoded in the viaB (Vi antigen production) locus, interact and are the Vi antigen polymerase and O-acetyltransferase, respectively. Structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis reveal that TviE is a GT4-family glycosyltransferase. While TviD has no identifiable homologs beyond Vi antigen systems in other bacteria, structural modeling suggests that it belongs to the large SGNH hydrolase family, which contains other O-acetyltransferases. Although TviD possesses an atypical catalytic triad, its O-acetyltransferase function was verified by antibody reactivity and 13C NMR data for tviD-mutant polysaccharide. The B. bronchiseptica genetic locus predicts a mode of synthesis distinct from classical S. enterica Vi antigen production, but which still involves TviD and TviE homologs that are both active in a reconstituted S. Typhi system. These findings provide new insight into Vi antigen production and foundational information for the glycoengineering of Vi antigen production in heterologous bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Wear
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Caitlin Sande
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olga G Ovchinnikova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Preston
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Chris Whitfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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3
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Dienstbier A, Amman F, Petráčková D, Štipl D, Čapek J, Zavadilová J, Fabiánová K, Držmíšek J, Kumar D, Wildung M, Pouchnik D, Večerek B. Comparative Omics Analysis of Historic and Recent Isolates of Bordetella pertussis and Effects of Genome Rearrangements on Evolution. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:57-68. [PMID: 33350934 PMCID: PMC7774529 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.191541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis is increasing in many industrialized countries, including the Czech Republic. To better understand Bordetella pertussis resurgence, we analyzed historic strains and recent clinical isolates by using a comparative omics approach. Whole-genome sequencing showed that historic and recent isolates of B. pertussis have substantial variation in genome organization and form separate phylogenetic clusters. Subsequent RNA sequence analysis and liquid chromatography with mass tandem spectrometry analyses showed that these variations translated into discretely separated transcriptomic and proteomic profiles. When compared with historic strains, recent isolates showed increased expression of flagellar genes and genes involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and decreased expression of polysaccharide capsule genes. Compared with reference strain Tohama I, all strains had increased expression and production of the type III secretion system apparatus. We detected the potential link between observed effects and insertion sequence element–induced changes in gene context only for a few genes.
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Belcher T, MacArthur I, King JD, Langridge GC, Mayho M, Parkhill J, Preston A. Fundamental differences in physiology of Bordetella pertussis dependent on the two-component system Bvg revealed by gene essentiality studies. Microb Genom 2020; 6:mgen000496. [PMID: 33295860 PMCID: PMC8116675 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes essential for a bacterium's growth reveals much about its basic physiology under different conditions. Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, adopts both virulent and avirulent states through the activity of the two-component system, Bvg. The genes essential for B. pertussis growth in vitro were defined using transposon sequencing, for different Bvg-determined growth states. In addition, comparison of the insertion indices of each gene between Bvg phases identified those genes whose mutation exerted a significantly different fitness cost between phases. As expected, many of the genes identified as essential for growth in other bacteria were also essential for B. pertussis. However, the essentiality of some genes was dependent on Bvg. In particular, a number of key cell wall biosynthesis genes, including the entire mre/mrd locus, were essential for growth of the avirulent (Bvg minus) phase but not the virulent (Bvg plus) phase. In addition, cell wall biosynthesis was identified as a fundamental process that when disrupted produced greater fitness costs for the Bvg minus phase compared to the Bvg plus phase. Bvg minus phase growth was more susceptible than Bvg plus phase growth to the cell wall-disrupting antibiotic ampicillin, demonstrating the increased susceptibility of the Bvg minus phase to disruption of cell wall synthesis. This Bvg-dependent conditional essentiality was not due to Bvg-regulation of expression of cell wall biosynthesis genes; suggesting that this fundamental process differs between the Bvg phases in B. pertussis and is more susceptible to disruption in the Bvg minus phase. The ability of a bacterium to modify its cell wall synthesis is important when considering the action of antibiotics, particularly if developing novel drugs targeting cell wall synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Belcher
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
- Present address: Institute Pasteur Lille, Lille, France
| | - Iain MacArthur
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Jerry D. King
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
| | - Gemma C. Langridge
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Quadram Institute, Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew Mayho
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian Parkhill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew Preston
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, UK
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Petráčková D, Farman MR, Amman F, Linhartová I, Dienstbier A, Kumar D, Držmíšek J, Hofacker I, Rodriguez ME, Večerek B. Transcriptional profiling of human macrophages during infection with Bordetella pertussis. RNA Biol 2020; 17:731-742. [PMID: 32070192 PMCID: PMC7237194 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1727694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bordetella pertussis, a strictly human re-emerging pathogen and the causative agent of whooping cough, exploits a broad variety of virulence factors to establish efficient infection. Here, we used RNA sequencing to analyse the changes in gene expression profiles of human THP-1 macrophages resulting from B. pertussis infection. In parallel, we attempted to determine the changes in intracellular B. pertussis-specific transcriptomic profiles resulting from interaction with macrophages. Our analysis revealed that global gene expression profiles in THP-1 macrophages are extensively rewired 6 h post-infection. Among the highly expressed genes, we identified those encoding cytokines, chemokines, and transcription regulators involved in the induction of the M1 and M2 macrophage polarization programmes. Notably, several host genes involved in the control of apoptosis and inflammation which are known to be hijacked by intracellular bacterial pathogens were overexpressed upon infection. Furthermore, in silico analyses identified large temporal changes in expression of specific gene subsets involved in signalling and metabolic pathways. Despite limited numbers of the bacterial reads, we observed reduced expression of majority of virulence factors and upregulation of several transcriptional regulators during infection suggesting that intracellular B. pertussis cells switch from virulent to avirulent phase and actively adapt to intracellular environment, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Petráčková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam R. Farman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Amman
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irena Linhartová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Dienstbier
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dilip Kumar
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Držmíšek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Hofacker
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Faculty of Computer Science, Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Eugenia Rodriguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CINDEFI (UNLP CONICET La Plata), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Branislav Večerek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Post-transcriptional Control of Gene Expression, Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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van Beek LF, de Gouw D, Eleveld MJ, Bootsma HJ, de Jonge MI, Mooi FR, Zomer A, Diavatopoulos DA. Adaptation of Bordetella pertussis to the Respiratory Tract. J Infect Dis 2019. [PMID: 29528444 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of insight into the basic mechanisms by which Bordetella pertussis adapts to the local host environment during infection. We analyzed B. pertussis gene expression in the upper and lower airways of mice and compared this to SO4-induced in vitro Bvg-regulated gene transcription. Approximately 30% of all genes were differentially expressed between in vitro and in vivo conditions. This included several novel potential vaccine antigens that were exclusively expressed in vivo. Significant differences in expression profile and metabolic pathways were identified between the upper versus the lower airways, suggesting distinct antigenic profiles. We found high-level expression of several Bvg-repressed genes during infection, and mouse vaccination experiments using purified protein fractions from both Bvg- and Bvg+ cultures demonstrated protection against intranasal B. pertussis challenge. This study provides novel insights into the in vivo adaptation of B. pertussis and may facilitate the improvement of pertussis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille F van Beek
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan de Gouw
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc J Eleveld
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hester J Bootsma
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R Mooi
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (RIVM), the Netherlands
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Widespread Antibiotic, Biocide, and Metal Resistance in Microbial Communities Inhabiting a Municipal Waste Environment and Anthropogenically Impacted River. mSphere 2018; 3:3/5/e00346-18. [PMID: 30258036 PMCID: PMC6158514 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00346-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Landfill leachate is a persistent contamination threat for terrestrial waters. Microbial metabolism in landfills transforms contaminants and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. A better understanding of landfill-associated microbial communities will inform bioremediation of solid waste environments and improve pathogen monitoring. We leveraged shotgun metagenomics to investigate the microbial communities of the Riverton City dump and the adjoining Duhaney River near Kingston City, Jamaica. We identified no overlap between the microbial communities inhabiting the Riverton City dump leachate and the Duhaney River. Both communities are predicted to degrade aromatic compounds, which are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Adversely, microbes in both environments are predicted to withstand widely used antibiotics, antiseptics, and metal contamination. The absence of evidence for microbial transfer from the leachate to the river is encouraging; however, the Duhaney River contained several organisms with predicted pathogenic lifestyles, indicating that the river represents a human health risk regardless of impact from the dump. The Riverton City dump is Jamaica’s largest solid waste disposal site, but it lacks engineered protection for leachate containment and treatment. Shotgun metagenomics was used to survey the microbial communities in the Riverton City dump leachate and in surface waters of the Duhaney River, an urban waterway abutting the dump. The community within the leachate pond was taxonomically distinct from that found in the surface waters of the Duhaney River. Higher microbial diversity was observed within the dump leachate, with members of the Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gammaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Tenericutes being the most abundant, while the river community was dominated by Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. The microbial communities exhibit similar functional potential profiles, including chemoorganoheterotrophy as the dominant metabolism, and the potential to degrade aromatic compounds. From reconstruction of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), organisms within both environments are predicted to survive in the presence of multiple antibiotics, antiseptics, biocides, and metals. Strong virulence potential coincided with the most diverse multiple resistance profiles in 1 of 5 leachate MAGs and 5 of 33 river MAGs. Unexpectedly, the microbial resistance profiles were more varied and widespread in the river populations, where we had expected the chemical composition of the leachate to select and enrich for resistance characteristics. This study provides valuable insights into the total functional potential of a landfill leachate microbial community and identifies possible human health hazards within the Duhaney River and Riverton City dump, urban environments with the potential to impact human populations. IMPORTANCE Landfill leachate is a persistent contamination threat for terrestrial waters. Microbial metabolism in landfills transforms contaminants and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. A better understanding of landfill-associated microbial communities will inform bioremediation of solid waste environments and improve pathogen monitoring. We leveraged shotgun metagenomics to investigate the microbial communities of the Riverton City dump and the adjoining Duhaney River near Kingston City, Jamaica. We identified no overlap between the microbial communities inhabiting the Riverton City dump leachate and the Duhaney River. Both communities are predicted to degrade aromatic compounds, which are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Adversely, microbes in both environments are predicted to withstand widely used antibiotics, antiseptics, and metal contamination. The absence of evidence for microbial transfer from the leachate to the river is encouraging; however, the Duhaney River contained several organisms with predicted pathogenic lifestyles, indicating that the river represents a human health risk regardless of impact from the dump.
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Guragain M, Jennings-Gee J, Cattelan N, Finger M, Conover MS, Hollis T, Deora R. The Transcriptional Regulator BpsR Controls the Growth of Bordetella bronchiseptica by Repressing Genes Involved in Nicotinic Acid Degradation. J Bacteriol 2018; 200:JB.00712-17. [PMID: 29581411 PMCID: PMC5971473 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00712-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the pathogenic species of the genus Bordetella have an absolute requirement for nicotinic acid (NA) for laboratory growth. These Gram-negative bacteria also harbor a gene cluster homologous to the nic cluster of Pseudomonas putida which is involved in the aerobic degradation of NA and its transcriptional control. We report here that BpsR, a negative regulator of biofilm formation and Bps polysaccharide production, controls the growth of Bordetella bronchiseptica by repressing the expression of nic genes. The severe growth defect of the ΔbpsR strain in Stainer-Scholte medium was restored by supplementation with NA, which also functioned as an inducer of nic genes at low micromolar concentrations that are usually present in animals and humans. Purified BpsR protein bound to the nic promoter region, and its DNA binding activity was inhibited by 6-hydroxynicotinic acid (6-HNA), the first metabolite of the NA degradative pathway. Reporter assays with the isogenic mutant derivative of the wild-type (WT) strain harboring deletion in nicA, which encodes a putative nicotinic acid hydroxylase responsible for conversion of NA to 6-HNA, showed that 6-HNA is the actual inducer of the nic genes in the bacterial cell. Gene expression profiling further showed that BpsR dually activated and repressed the expression of genes associated with pathogenesis, transcriptional regulation, metabolism, and other cellular processes. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to the selection of pyridines such as NA and quinolinic acid for optimum bacterial growth depending on the ecological niche.IMPORTANCE BpsR, the previously described regulator of biofilm formation and Bps polysaccharide production, controls Bordetella bronchiseptica growth by regulating the expression of genes involved in the degradation of nicotinic acid (NA). 6-Hydroxynicotinic acid (6-HNA), the first metabolite of the NA degradation pathway prevented BpsR from binding to DNA and was the actual in vivo inducer. We hypothesize that BpsR enables Bordetella bacteria to efficiently and selectively utilize NA for their survival depending on the environment in which they reside. The results reported herein lay the foundation for future investigations of how BpsR and the alteration of its activity by NA orchestrate the control of Bordetella growth, metabolism, biofilm formation, and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manita Guragain
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jamie Jennings-Gee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalia Cattelan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI, CONICET-CCT-La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mary Finger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matt S Conover
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Hollis
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajendar Deora
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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9
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Brickman TJ, Armstrong SK. The Bordetella bronchiseptica nic locus encodes a nicotinic acid degradation pathway and the 6-hydroxynicotinate-responsive regulator BpsR. Mol Microbiol 2018; 108:397-409. [PMID: 29485696 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The classical Bordetella species use amino acids as carbon sources and can catabolize organic acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. They are also auxotrophic for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) pathway precursors such as nicotinic acid. Bordetellae have a putative nicotinate catabolism gene locus highly similar to that characterized in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. This study determined the distribution of the nic genes among Bordetella species and analyzed the regulation of this nicotinic acid degradation system. Transcription of the Bordetella bronchiseptica nicC gene was repressed by the NicR ortholog, BpsR, previously shown to regulate extracellular polysaccharide synthesis genes. nicC expression was derepressed by nicotinic acid or by the first product of the degradation pathway, 6-hydroxynicotinic acid, which was shown to be the inducer. Results using mutants with either a hyperactivated pathway or an inactivated pathway showed a marked effect on growth on nicotinic acid that indicated this degradation pathway influences NAD biosynthesis. Pathway dysregulation also affected Bordetella BvgAS-mediated virulence gene regulation, demonstrating that fluctuation of intracellular nicotinic acid pools impacts Bvg phase transition responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Brickman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-117 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Ave. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455-1507, USA
| | - Sandra K Armstrong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 3-117 Microbiology Research Facility, 689 23rd Ave. S.E, Minneapolis, MN 55455-1507, USA
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10
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Dewan KK, Taylor-Mulneix DL, Hilburger LJ, Rivera I, Preston A, Harvill ET. An Extracellular Polysaccharide Locus Required for Transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:899-906. [PMID: 28973366 PMCID: PMC5853889 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of animal models to experimentally study how infectious agents transmit between hosts limits our understanding of what makes some pathogens so contagious. Methods We recently developed a Bordetella bronchiseptica mouse model to study transmission and have used it to assess, for the first time, which of several well-studied "virulence factors" common to classical Bordetella species contribute to transmission. Results Among 13 mutants screened, a mutant lacking an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) locus consistently failed to transmit. The loss of EPS had no obvious effect on in vitro characteristics of growth, adherence, cytotoxicity, or serum resistance, though it profoundly reduced the ability of the mutant to colonize the lower respiratory tract of mice. While wild-type B. bronchiseptica was shed from colonized mice and efficiently transmitted to cage-mates, the mutant colonized less efficiently, shed at lower numbers, and consequently did not transmit to naive animals. Conclusions These results have important implications for potential roles of polysaccharides in the pathogenesis and transmission of Bordetella species as well as other respiratory pathogens. Cases of pertussis (whooping cough) caused by Bordetella pertussis are on the rise, and understanding factors that contribute to their spread is critical to its control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan K Dewan
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Dawn L Taylor-Mulneix
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens
| | | | - Israel Rivera
- Infectious Disease Graduate Program, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Andrew Preston
- Milner Centre for Evolution and Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens
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11
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Dorji D, Graham RM, Richmond P, Keil A, Mukkur TK. Biofilm forming potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of newly emerged Western Australian Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:1141-1152. [PMID: 27669900 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1232715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Whooping cough caused by Bordetella pertussis is increasing in several countries despite high vaccine coverage. One potential reason for the resurgence is the emergence of genetic variants of the bacterium. Biofilm formation has recently been associated with the pathogenesis of B. pertussis. Biofilm formation of 21 Western Australian B. pertussis clinical isolates was investigated. All isolates formed thicker biofilms than the reference vaccine strain Tohama I while retaining susceptibility to ampicillin, erythromycin, azithromycin and streptomycin. When two biofilm-forming clinical isolates were compared with Tohama I, minimum bactericidal concentrations of antimicrobial agents increased. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analysis revealed significant differences in protein expression in B. pertussis biofilms, providing an opportunity for identification of novel biofilm-associated antigens for incorporation in current pertussis vaccines to improve their protective efficacy. The study also highlights the importance of determining antibiograms for biofilms to formulate improved antimicrobial therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorji Dorji
- a School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI) , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
- c Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital , Khesar Gyalpo University of Medical Sciences of Bhutan , Thimphu , Bhutan
| | - Ross M Graham
- a School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI) , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
| | | | - Anthony Keil
- b Princess Margaret Hospital , Perth , Australia
| | - Trilochan K Mukkur
- a School of Biomedical Sciences and Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI) , Curtin University , Perth , Australia
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