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Gurler G, Belder N, Beker MC, Sever-Bahcekapili M, Uruk G, Kilic E, Yemisci M. Reduced folate carrier 1 is present in retinal microvessels and crucial for the inner blood retinal barrier integrity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:47. [PMID: 37328777 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1; SLC19a1) is the main responsible transporter for the B9 family of vitamins named folates, which are essential for normal tissue growth and development. While folate deficiency resulted in retinal vasculopathy, the expression and the role of RFC1 in blood-retinal barrier (BRB) are not well known. METHODS We used whole mount retinas and trypsin digested microvessel samples of adult mice. To knockdown RFC1, we delivered RFC1-targeted short interfering RNA (RFC1-siRNA) intravitreally; while, to upregulate RFC1 we delivered lentiviral vector overexpressing RFC1. Retinal ischemia was induced 1-h by applying FeCl3 to central retinal artery. We used RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine RFC1. Endothelium (CD31), pericytes (PDGFR-beta, CD13, NG2), tight-junctions (Occludin, Claudin-5 and ZO-1), main basal membrane protein (Collagen-4), endogenous IgG and RFC1 were determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS Our analyses on whole mount retinas and trypsin digested microvessel samples of adult mice revealed the presence of RFC1 in the inner BRB and colocalization with endothelial cells and pericytes. Knocking down RFC1 expression via siRNA delivery resulted in the disintegration of tight junction proteins and collagen-4 in twenty-four hours, which was accompanied by significant endogenous IgG extravasation. This indicated the impairment of BRB integrity after an abrupt RFC1 decrease. Furthermore, lentiviral vector-mediated RFC1 overexpression resulted in increased tight junction proteins and collagen-4, confirming the structural role of RFC1 in the inner BRB. Acute retinal ischemia decreased collagen-4 and occludin levels and led to an increase in RFC1. Besides, the pre-ischemic overexpression of RFC1 partially rescued collagen-4 and occludin levels which would be decreased after ischemia. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study clarifies the presence of RFC1 protein in the inner BRB, which has recently been defined as hypoxia-immune-related gene in other tissues and offers a novel perspective of retinal RFC1. Hence, other than being a folate carrier, RFC1 is an acute regulator of the inner BRB in healthy and ischemic retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokce Gurler
- The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Belder
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Gokhan Uruk
- The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey
- Physiology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muge Yemisci
- The Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey.
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van Wijk N, Studer B, van den Berg CA, Ripken D, Lansink M, Siebler M, Schmidt-Wilcke T. Evident lower blood levels of multiple nutritional compounds and highly prevalent malnutrition in sub-acute stroke patients with or without dysphagia. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1028991. [PMID: 36703642 PMCID: PMC9872791 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1028991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Malnutrition is prevalent after stroke, particularly if post-stroke oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) reduces nutritional intake. To further understand stroke-related malnutrition, a thorough nutritional assessment was performed in ischemic stroke patients with or without OD during sub-acute inpatient rehabilitation. Methods In this exploratory, observational, cross-sectional, multi-center study in Germany (NTR6802), ischemic stroke patients with (N = 36) or without (N = 49) OD were age- and sex-matched to healthy reference subjects. Presence of (risk of) malnutrition (MNA-SF), blood concentration of stroke-relevant nutritional compounds and metabolites, nutritional intake, quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and activities of daily living (Barthel index) were assessed. Results More than half of the stroke patients displayed (risk of) malnutrition, with higher prevalence in patient with OD vs. without OD. Fasted blood concentrations of vitamins B1, B2, B6, A, D, and E, selenium, choline, coenzyme Q10, albumin, pre-albumin, transferrin, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid were all lower in stroke patients compared to their matched healthy reference subjects, irrespective of OD status. Reported energy, macronutrient, and water intake were lower in stroke patients vs. healthy reference subjects. As expected, quality of life and activities of daily living scores were lower in stroke vs. healthy reference subjects, with OD scoring worse than non-OD patients. Discussion This study shows that malnutrition is highly prevalent in sub-acute stroke patients during rehabilitation. Even though patients with OD were more likely to be malnourished, blood levels of specific nutritional compounds were similarly lower in stroke patients with or without OD compared to healthy reference subjects. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed similarly lower blood levels of specific nutritional compounds in patients that are normal nourished vs. patients with (risk of) malnutrition. This might imply disease-specific changes in blood levels on top of overall protein-energy malnutrition. The results of the current study underline that it is important to screen for nutritional impairments in every stroke patient, either with or without OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick van Wijk
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Nick van Wijk
| | - Bettina Studer
- St. Mauritius Therapieklinik, Meerbusch, Germany,Medical Faculty, Institute for Clinical Neuroscience, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dina Ripken
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Mario Siebler
- Neurologie und Neurorehabilitation, Fachklinik Rhein Ruhr, Essen, Germany,Department of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke
- St. Mauritius Therapieklinik, Meerbusch, Germany,Neurologisches Zentrum, Mainkofen, Germany
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Ho WM, Wu YY, Chen YC. Genetic Variants behind Cardiovascular Diseases and Dementia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121514. [PMID: 33352859 PMCID: PMC7766236 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and dementia are the leading causes of disability and mortality. Genetic connections between cardiovascular risk factors and dementia have not been elucidated. We conducted a scoping review and pathway analysis to reveal the genetic associations underlying both CVDs and dementia. In the PubMed database, literature was searched using keywords associated with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, white matter hyperintensities, cerebral microbleeds, and covert infarctions. Gene lists were extracted from these publications to identify shared genes and pathways for each group. This included high penetrance genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through genome wide association studies. Most risk SNPs to both diabetes and dementia participate in the phospholipase C enzyme system and the downstream nositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol activities. Interestingly, AP-2 (TFAP2) transcription factor family and metabolism of vitamins and cofactors were associated with genetic variants that were shared by white matter hyperintensities and dementia, and by microbleeds and dementia. Variants shared by covert infarctions and dementia were related to VEGF ligand-receptor interactions and anti-inflammatory cytokine pathways. Our review sheds light on future investigations into the causative relationships behind CVDs and dementia, and can be a paradigm of the identification of dementia treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Ho
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-M.H.); (Y.-Y.W.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yah-Yuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-M.H.); (Y.-Y.W.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (W.-M.H.); (Y.-Y.W.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8433)
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Kim JO, Lee KO, Kim HW, Park HS, Kim J, Sung JH, Oh D, Kim OJ, Kim NK. Association between KCNQ2, TCF4 and RGS18 polymorphisms and silent brain infarction based on whole‑exome sequencing. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1973-1983. [PMID: 32319632 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Silent brain infarction (SBI) is a cerebral infarction identified through brain imaging. In particular, studies have shown that the presence of SBI in elderly patients increases their risk of cognitive dysfunction, impairment and dementia. However, little research has been published on the relevance of SBI to these risks for the Korean population. The association between potassium voltage‑gated channel subfamily Q member 2 (KCNQ2), transcription factor 4 (TCF4) and regulator of G‑protein signaling 18 (RGS18) genotypes and SBI were investigated using whole‑exome sequencing and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The study population included 407 patients with SBI (171 males) and 401 control subjects (172 males). Genotyping was performed using PCR RFLP. Interestingly, TCF4 rs9957668T>C polymorphisms were associated with SBI prevalence [TT vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.815, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.202‑2.740; TT vs. TC+CC: AOR, 1.492, 95% CI, 1.066‑2.088; TT+TC vs. CC: AOR, 1.454, 95% CI, 1.045‑2.203]. The combination of KCNQ2 rs73146513A>G and TCF4 rs9957668T>C genotypes was associated with increasing SBI prevalence (AG/CC: AOR, 3.719, 95% CI, 1.766‑7.833; AA/CC: AOR, 3.201, 95% CI, 1.387‑7.387). The present study showed that TCF4 rs9957668T>C polymorphisms may be risk factors for SBI. Therefore, the TCF4 rs9957668T>C polymorphism may serve as a biomarker for increased risk of SBI in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Ook Lee
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkwon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sung
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13488, Republic of Korea
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Bharatkumar VP, Rudreshkumar KJ, Nagaraja D, Christopher R. Plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine: A potential risk marker for cerebral venous thrombosis. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 458:44-8. [PMID: 27109902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a plethora of studies suggesting that hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with an increased risk for arterial and venous thrombosis, there is paucity of data on the role of the S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), the metabolic precursor of homocysteine (Hcy) as a risk predictor for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). METHOD We estimated fasting plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy), SAH and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), in 185 CVT patients and 248 healthy controls, by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric electrochemical detection. RESULTS Fasting tHcy, SAH and SAM were significantly higher in patients compared with controls. Increased tHcy and SAH concentrations were associated with 4.54-fold (95% CI, 2.74-7.53) and 35.77-fold (95% CI, 19.45-65.79) increase in risk for CVT, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the area under curve, sensitivity and specificity was higher for SAH compared to tHcy. Further, discriminant analysis to distinguish between tHcy and SAH showed that SAH had a significantly higher percentage classification, with lower Wilk's lambda and higher χ(2), compared to tHcy. CONCLUSION Increased plasma SAH may be a more sensitive risk marker for CVT than plasma tHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Pinnelli Bharatkumar
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | | | - Dindagur Nagaraja
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Rita Christopher
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
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Wang Y, Chen S, Kang M, Tang W, Gu H, Yin J, Huang Z. Genetic variations in MTHFR and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:18936-18944. [PMID: 26770518 PMCID: PMC4694418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms are associated with many types of cancers. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of MTHFR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). We conducted a hospital-based case-control study. Three hundred and thirty cases with GCA and 608 controls were recruited. The ligation detection reaction (LDR) method was used to determine genotypes. The genotype MTHFR rs1801133 TT was significantly more frequent in cases than in controls (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.04-2.05, P = 0.029) in a recessive model, after adjusting for age, sex and smoking and alcohol use. The haplotype MTHFR Grs4845882Ars4846048Trs1801133Crs9651118Ars3753584 was more frequent in cases than in controls (crude OR = 5.32, 95% CI = 2.34-12.10, P < 0.001). No association between other genotypes and haplotypes was observed. Our results suggest that the genotype MTHFR rs1801133 TT and the MTHFR Grs4845882Ars4846048Trs1801133Crs9651118Ars3753584 haplotype may be associated with susceptibility to GCA. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
| | - Shuchen Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mingqiang Kang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Union Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyong Gu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziyang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou, Fujian Province, 362000, China
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