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Baryła I, Kośla K, Bednarek AK. WWOX and metabolic regulation in normal and pathological conditions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1691-1702. [PMID: 36271927 PMCID: PMC9691486 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) spans the common fragile site FRA16D. There is evidence that translocations and deletions affecting WWOX accompanied by loss of expression are frequent in many cancers and often correlate with a worse prognosis. Additionally, WWOX germline mutations were also found to be the cause of pathologies of brain development. Because WWOX binds to some transcription factors, it is a modulator of many cellular processes, including metabolic processes. Recently, studies have linked WWOX to familial dyslipidemias, osteopenia, metabolic syndrome, and gestational diabetes, confirming its role as a regulator of steroid, cholesterol, glucose, and normal bone metabolism. The WW domain of WWOX is directly engaged in the control of the activity of transcription factors such as HIF1α and RUNX2; therefore, WWOX gene alterations are associated with some metabolic abnormalities. Presently, most interest is devoted to the associations between WWOX and glucose and basic energy metabolism disturbances. In particular, its involvement in the initiation of the Warburg effect in cancer or gestational diabetes and type II diabetes is of interest. This review is aimed at systematically and comprehensively presenting the current state of knowledge about the participation of WWOX in the metabolism of healthy and diseased organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Baryła
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kośla
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K. Bednarek
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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2
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Choubey P, Kaur H, Bansal K. Modulation of DNA/RNA Methylation Signaling Mediating Metabolic Homeostasis in Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2022; 100:201-237. [PMID: 36301496 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-07634-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid methylation is a fundamental epigenetic mechanism that impinges upon several cellular attributes, including metabolism and energy production. The dysregulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)/ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation can lead to metabolic rewiring in the cell, which in turn facilitates tumor development. Here, we review the current knowledge on the interplay between DNA/RNA methylation and metabolic programs in cancer cells. We also discuss the mechanistic role of these pathways in tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallawi Choubey
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Harshdeep Kaur
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, India
| | - Kushagra Bansal
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit (MBGU), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur, Bangalore, India.
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3
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Patra S, Elahi N, Armorer A, Arunachalam S, Omala J, Hamid I, Ashton AW, Joyce D, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Mechanisms Governing Metabolic Heterogeneity in Breast Cancer and Other Tumors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700629. [PMID: 34631530 PMCID: PMC8495201 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of metabolic priorities promotes tumor progression. Our understanding of the Warburg effect, based on studies of cultured cancer cells, has evolved to a more complex understanding of tumor metabolism within an ecosystem that provides and catabolizes diverse nutrients provided by the local tumor microenvironment. Recent studies have illustrated that heterogeneous metabolic changes occur at the level of tumor type, tumor subtype, within the tumor itself, and within the tumor microenvironment. Thus, altered metabolism occurs in cancer cells and in the tumor microenvironment (fibroblasts, immune cells and fat cells). Herein we describe how these growth advantages are obtained through either “convergent” genetic changes, in which common metabolic properties are induced as a final common pathway induced by diverse oncogene factors, or “divergent” genetic changes, in which distinct factors lead to subtype-selective phenotypes and thereby tumor heterogeneity. Metabolic heterogeneity allows subtyping of cancers and further metabolic heterogeneity occurs within the same tumor mass thought of as “microenvironmental metabolic nesting”. Furthermore, recent findings show that mutations of metabolic genes arise in the majority of tumors providing an opportunity for the development of more robust metabolic models of an individual patient’s tumor. The focus of this review is on the mechanisms governing this metabolic heterogeneity in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Patra
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Naveed Elahi
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Aaron Armorer
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Swathi Arunachalam
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Joshua Omala
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Iman Hamid
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Program in Cardiovascular Medicine, Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Pensylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, United States.,Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba.,Cancer Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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4
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Celebi A, Orhan C, Seyhan B, Buyru N. Silencing of Wwox Increases Nuclear Import of Dvl proteins in Head and Neck Cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:4030-4036. [PMID: 32368285 PMCID: PMC7196265 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Wnt signaling pathway is associated with a variety of human cancers, including HNSCC. Wnt proteins control cellular events such as proliferation, fate specification, polarity, and migration by transducing signals to the nucleus through several cytoplasmic relay proteins. Although activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a frequent event in various cancers, there is limited knowledge on the contribution of this signaling mechanism in HNSCC. The Wwox tumor suppressor protein participates in the regulation of Wnt signaling by interacting with Dvl proteins. Methods: In this study, we used qRT-PCR and western blotting to examine the mRNA and protein levels of the Dvls in association with WWOX in HNSCC cell lines and tumor tissues. Results: We found that silencing of WWOX leads to increased nuclear localization of the Dvl proteins in cell lines. However, we detected an increase only in the nuclear localization of Dvl-1 in tumor tissues. Conclusions: Our results suggest that aberrant WWOX expression contributes to HNSCC through the Wnt signaling pathway. Decreased expression of WWOX may function in HNSCC progression by allowing the nuclear localization of Dvl proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuman Celebi
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Orhan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Betul Seyhan
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Buyru
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhu X, Xuan Z, Chen J, Li Z, Zheng S, Song P. How DNA methylation affects the Warburg effect. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2029-2041. [PMID: 32549751 PMCID: PMC7294934 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant enhancement of the glycolysis pathway is a major feature of tumor cells, even in the presence of abundant oxygen; this enhancement is known as the Warburg effect, and also called aerobic glycolysis. The Warburg effect was discovered nearly a hundred years ago, but its specific mechanism remains difficult to explain. DNA methylation is considered to be a potential trigger for the Warburg effect, as the two processes have many overlapping links during tumorigenesis. Based on a widely recognized potential mechanism of the Warburg effect, we here summarized the relationship between DNA methylation and the Warburg effect with regard to cellular energy metabolism factors, such as glycolysis related enzymes, mitochondrial function, glycolysis bypass pathways, the tumor oxygen sensing pathway and abnormal methylation conditions. We believe that clarifying the relationship between these different mechanisms may further help us understand how DNA methylation works on tumorigenesis and provide new opportunities for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zefeng Xuan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zequn Li
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Penghong Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation.,Key Laboratory of the diagnosis and treatment of organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019).,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
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6
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Analysis of WWOX gene expression and protein levels in pterygium. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1949-1953. [PMID: 32314321 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pterygium, a degenerative and hyperplastic lesion, has premalignant properties as a tumor analog. WWOX is a tumor suppressor gene and involved in many signal pathways, such as cell proliferation, embryonic development, metabolism and apoptosis. In many cancers, the loss of WWOX or the presence of abnormal transcripts indicates the tumor suppressor activity of WWOX. In this study, it was aimed to determine WWOX gene expression and protein levels in pterygium which may be a tumor analog. METHODS For this purpose, the WWOX gene expression change in 27 pterygium tissue was investigated by real-time PCR method, and the change in WWOX protein was investigated using the Western blot method. RESULTS According to our results, it was found that the expression and protein levels of WWOX gene in pterygium tissue decreased significantly compared to control tissue (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This information indicates that a decrease in expression and protein level in pterygium tissue of WWOX, a tumor suppressor gene, supports claims that pterygium may be a cancer analog tissue.
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7
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Peng SY, Tu HF, Yang CC, Wu CH, Liu CJ, Chang KW, Lin SC. miR-134 targets PDCD7 to reduce E-cadherin expression and enhance oral cancer progression. Int J Cancer 2018; 143:2892-2904. [PMID: 29971778 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy worldwide. This study clarified the oncogenic role of miR-134 in OSCC. Reporter assays, using both wild-type and mutant constructs, confirmed that Programmed Cell Death 7 (PDCD7) gene was a potential target of miR-134. The OSCC cells exogenously expressed miR-134 exhibited reduced PDCD7 expression. As expected, exogenous miRZip-134 expression increased PDCD7 expression in the OSCC cells; additionally, PDCD7 expression suppressed the oncogenicity of the OSCC cells. By contrast, PDCD7 knockout through gene editing increased in vitro oncogenicity and neck nodal metastasis in mice, and reduced E-cadherin (E-cad) expression. PDCD7 transactivated E-cad expression via the GC-box in the promoter. Moreover, miR-134-associated cellular transformation and E-cad downregulation was attenuated by PDCD7. Downregulation of both PDCD7 and E-cad and high levels miR-134 expression was observed in OSCC tumor tissues. Activation of the miR-134-PDCD7-E-cad pathogenesis cascade occurred early during the human and murine oral carcinogenesis process. In conclusion, the oncogenic effect of miR-134 in oral carcinoma is mediated by reducing PDCD7 and E-cad expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Yuan Peng
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Feng Tu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Wu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ji Liu
- Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Deaprtment of Dentistry, Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Chang
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Lin
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Stomatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Cheng HL, Liu YF, Su CW, Su SC, Chen MK, Yang SF, Lin CW. Functional genetic variant in the Kozak sequence of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene is associated with oral cancer risk. Oncotarget 2018; 7:69384-69396. [PMID: 27655721 PMCID: PMC5342485 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In Taiwan, oral cancer is the fourth leading cancer in males and is associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX), a tumor suppressor gene, is associated with the development of various cancers. We hypothesized that genetic variants of WWOX influence the susceptibility to oral cancer. Five polymorphisms of WWOX gene from 761 male patients with oral cancer and 1199 male cancer-free individuals were genotyped. We observed that individuals carrying the polymorphic allele of WWOX rs11545028 are more susceptible to oral cancer. Furthermore, patients with advanced-stage oral cancer were associated with a higher frequency of WWOX rs11545028 polymorphisms with the variant genotype TT than did patients with the wild-type gene. An additional integrated in silico analysis confirmed that rs11545028 affects WWOX expression, which significantly correlates with tumor expression and subsequently with tumor development and aggressiveness. In conclusion, genetic variants of WWOX contribute to the occurrence of oral cancer, and the findings regarding these biomarkers provided a prediction model for risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Su
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Handa H, Sasaki Y, Hattori H, Alkebsi L, Kasamatsu T, Saitoh T, Mitsui T, Yokohama A, Tsukamoto N, Matsumoto M, Murakami H. Recurrent alterations of the WW domain containing oxidoreductase gene spanning the common fragile site FRA16D in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:4372-4378. [PMID: 28943951 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative tumor suppressor gene WW domain containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) spans a common fragile site (CFS) on chromosome 16q23.3. CFSs are regions of profound genomic instability and sites for genomic deletions in cancer cells. Therefore, WWOX is structurally altered in diverse nonhematological cancer types. However, the function of WWOX in hematological tumor types, including multiple myeloma (MM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) remains unclear. WWOX expression and methylation in patients with MM, MGUS, or noninvasive lymphoma (control) were analyzed using reverse transcription- and methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Variant WWOX transcripts were detected in 65 and 50% of patients with MM and MGUS, respectively, compared with 10% of controls. WWOX expression was higher in patients with MM, and WWOX promoter methylation was detected in 35% of patients with MM compared with 5% of patients with MGUS and 4% of controls. WWOX promoter methylation was significantly associated with shorter overall survival time of patients, in particular those with MM who were never treated with novel agents. Genomic alterations, including deletions and promoter methylation that affect WWOX expression occur early and may be involved in the pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Handa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sasaki
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hattori
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Lobna Alkebsi
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Kasamatsu
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Saitoh
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takeki Mitsui
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yokohama
- Blood Transfusion Service, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norifumi Tsukamoto
- Oncology Center, Gunma University Hospital, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Hematology, National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center, Shibukawa, Gunma 377-0280, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Murakami
- Department of Laboratory Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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10
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Gan XN, Luo J, Tang RX, Wang HL, Zhou H, Qin H, Gan TQ, Chen G. Clinical value of miR-452-5p expression in lung adenocarcinoma: A retrospective quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction study and verification based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317705755. [PMID: 28488527 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317705755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanism of miR-452-5p in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear. In this study, we performed a systematic study to investigate the clinical value of miR-452-5p expression in lung adenocarcinoma. The expression of miR-452-5p in 101 lung adenocarcinoma patients was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases were joined to verify the expression level of miR-452-5p in lung adenocarcinoma. Via several online prediction databases and bioinformatics software, pathway and network analyses of miR-452-5p target genes were performed to explore its prospective molecular mechanism. The expression of miR-452-5p in lung adenocarcinoma in house was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (p < 0.001). Additionally, the expression level of miR-452-5p was negatively correlated with several clinicopathological parameters including the tumor size (p = 0.014), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.032), and tumor-node-metastasis stage (p = 0.036). Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas also confirmed the low expression of miR-452 in lung adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001). Furthermore, reduced expression of miR-452-5p in lung adenocarcinoma (standard mean deviations = -0.393, 95% confidence interval: -0.774 to -0.011, p = 0.044) was validated by a meta-analysis. Five hub genes targeted by miR-452-5p, including SMAD family member 4, SMAD family member 2, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein epsilon, and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein beta, were significantly enriched in the cell-cycle pathway. In conclusion, low expression of miR-452-5p tends to play an essential role in lung adenocarcinoma. Bioinformatics analysis might be beneficial to reveal the potential mechanism of miR-452-5p in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Gan
- 1 Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Xue Tang
- 1 Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Han-Lin Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Hong Zhou
- 1 Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qin
- 1 Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Qing Gan
- 2 Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- 1 Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, P.R. China
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11
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Lee HL, Cheng HL, Liu YF, Chou MC, Yang SF, Chou YE. Functional genetic variant of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176141. [PMID: 28426730 PMCID: PMC5398630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Human WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene in multiple cancers. We hypothesize that genetic variations in WWOX are associated with HCC risk. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the WWOX gene were evaluated from 708 normal controls and 354 patients with HCC. We identified a significant association between a WWOX single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs73569323, and decreased risk of HCC. After adjustment for potential confounders, patients with at least one T allele at rs11545028 of WWOX may have a significantly smaller tumor size, reduced levels of α-fetoprotein and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Moreover, the A allele at SNP rs12918952 in WWOX conferred higher risk of vascular invasion. Additional in silico analysis also suggests that WWOX rs12918952 polymorphism tends to affect WWOX expression, which in turn contributes to tumor vascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, genetic variations in WWOX may be a significant predictor of early HCC occurrence and a reliable biomarker for disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Deptartment of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lin Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chih Chou
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Deptartment of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Erh Chou
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Functions and Epigenetic Regulation of Wwox in Bone Metastasis from Breast Carcinoma: Comparison with Primary Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010075. [PMID: 28045433 PMCID: PMC5297710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms influence molecular patterns important for the bone-metastatic process, and here we highlight the role of WW-domain containing oxidoreductase (Wwox). The tumor-suppressor Wwox lacks in almost all cancer types; the variable expression in osteosarcomas is related to lung-metastasis formation, and exogenous Wwox destabilizes HIF-1α (subunit of Hypoxia inducible Factor-1, HIF-1) affecting aerobic glycolysis. Our recent studies show critical functions of Wwox present in 1833-osteotropic clone, in the corresponding xenograft model, and in human bone metastasis from breast carcinoma. In hypoxic-bone metastatic cells, Wwox enhances HIF-1α stabilization, phosphorylation, and nuclear translocation. Consistently, in bone-metastasis specimens Wwox localizes in cytosolic/perinuclear area, while TAZ (transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif) and HIF-1α co-localize in nuclei, playing specific regulatory mechanisms: TAZ is a co-factor of HIF-1, and Wwox regulates HIF-1 activity by controlling HIF-1α. In vitro, DNA methylation affects Wwox-protein synthesis; hypoxia decreases Wwox-protein level; hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) phosphorylates Wwox driving its nuclear shuttle, and counteracting a Twist program important for the epithelial phenotype and metastasis colonization. In agreement, in 1833-xenograft mice under DNA-methyltransferase blockade with decitabine, Wwox increases in nuclei/cytosol counteracting bone metastasis with prolongation of the survival. However, Wwox seems relevant for the autophagic process which sustains metastasis, enhancing more Beclin-1 than p62 protein levels, and p62 accumulates under decitabine consistent with adaptability of metastasis to therapy. In conclusion, Wwox methylation as a bone-metastasis therapeutic target would depend on autophagy conditions, and epigenetic mechanisms regulating Wwox may influence the phenotype of bone metastasis.
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WWOX inhibits the invasion of lung cancer cells by downregulating RUNX2. Cancer Gene Ther 2016; 23:433-438. [PMID: 27834355 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2016.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor that is lost or decreased in most human tumors. The role of WWOX in human lung carcinoma invasion is still not clear. This study aimed to elucidate the potential role of WWOX in lung cancer cell invasion. WWOX mRNA levels in human lung cancers and lung cancer cell lines were assayed by quantitative real-time PCR. WWOX in lung cancer cell lines was manipulated by transfection of expression vector or small interfering RNA. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by wound healing and/or transwell migration and invasion assays. The protein levels of WWOX, E-cadherin and RUNX2 were analyzed by western blot or immunofluorescence. WWOX expression is inversely correlated to invasiveness of lung cancer. WWOX overexpression in highly invasive H1299 cells reduced cell motility and invasiveness, and inhibited the expression of RUNX2 and its target gene matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Silencing WWOX in less invasive NL9980 cells resulted in opposite effects. Overexpressing RUNX2 in H1299 or silencing RUNX2 in NL9980 cells reversed the effects of WWOX. These results suggested that WWOX inhibited the invasive phenotype of lung cancer through downregulating the expression of RUNX2.
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Singchat W, Hitakomate E, Rerkarmnuaychoke B, Suntronpong A, Fu B, Bodhisuwan W, Peyachoknagul S, Yang F, Koontongkaew S, Srikulnath K. Genomic Alteration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) Cell Lines Inferred from Karyotyping, Molecular Cytogenetics, and Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160901. [PMID: 27501229 PMCID: PMC4976893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic alteration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) was studied in two cell line pairs (HN30-HN31 and HN4-HN12) using conventional C-banding, multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH), and array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). HN30 and HN4 were derived from primary lesions in the pharynx and base of tongue, respectively, and HN31 and HN12 were derived from lymph-node metastatic lesions belonging to the same patients. Gain of chromosome 1, 7, and 11 were shared in almost all cell lines. Hierarchical clustering revealed that HN31 was closely related to HN4, which shared eight chromosome alteration cases. Large C-positive heterochromatins were found in the centromeric region of chromosome 9 in HN31 and HN4, which suggests complex structural amplification of the repetitive sequence. Array CGH revealed amplification of 7p22.3p11.2, 8q11.23q12.1, and 14q32.33 in all cell lines involved with tumorigenesis and inflammation genes. The amplification of 2p21 (SIX3), 11p15.5 (H19), and 11q21q22.3 (MAML2, PGR, TRPC6, and MMP family) regions, and deletion of 9p23 (PTPRD) and 16q23.1 (WWOX) regions were identified in HN31 and HN12. Interestingly, partial loss of PTPRD (9p23) and WWOX (16q23.1) genes was identified in HN31 and HN12, and the level of gene expression tended to be the down-regulation of PTPRD, with no detectable expression of the WWOX gene. This suggests that the scarcity of PTPRD and WWOX genes might have played an important role in progression of HNSCC, and could be considered as a target for cancer therapy or a biomarker in molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worapong Singchat
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Ekarat Hitakomate
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasart University, Pathum Thani, 12121, Thailand
| | - Budsaba Rerkarmnuaychoke
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Aorarat Suntronpong
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Beiyuan Fu
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Winai Bodhisuwan
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Surin Peyachoknagul
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Thailand (CASTNAR, NRU-KU, Thailand)
| | - Fengtang Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kornsorn Srikulnath
- Laboratory of Animal Cytogenetics and Comparative Genomics, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.,Center of Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Thailand (CASTNAR, NRU-KU, Thailand)
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