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Yee DP, Samo TJ, Abbriano RM, Shimasaki B, Vernet M, Mayali X, Weber PK, Mitchell BG, Hildebrand M, Decelle J, Tresguerres M. The V-type ATPase enhances photosynthesis in marine phytoplankton and further links phagocytosis to symbiogenesis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2541-2547.e5. [PMID: 37263270 PMCID: PMC10326425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophores are dominant groups of marine eukaryotic phytoplankton that are collectively responsible for the majority of primary production in the ocean.1 These phytoplankton contain additional intracellular membranes around their chloroplasts, which are derived from ancestral engulfment of red microalgae by unicellular heterotrophic eukaryotes that led to secondary and tertiary endosymbiosis.2 However, the selectable evolutionary advantage of these membranes and the physiological significance for extant phytoplankton remain poorly understood. Since intracellular digestive vacuoles are ubiquitously acidified by V-type H+-ATPase (VHA),3 proton pumps were proposed to acidify the microenvironment around secondary chloroplasts to promote the dehydration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) into CO2, thus enhancing photosynthesis.4,5 We report that VHA is localized around the chloroplasts of centric diatoms and that VHA significantly contributes to their photosynthesis across a wide range of oceanic irradiances. Similar results in a pennate diatom, dinoflagellate, and coccolithophore, but not green or red microalgae, imply the co-option of phagocytic VHA activity into a carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM) is common to secondary endosymbiotic phytoplankton. Furthermore, analogous mechanisms in extant photosymbiotic marine invertebrates6,7,8 provide functional evidence for an adaptive advantage throughout the transition from endosymbiosis to symbiogenesis. Based on the contribution of diatoms to ocean biogeochemical cycles, VHA-mediated enhancement of photosynthesis contributes at least 3.5 Gtons of fixed carbon per year (or 7% of primary production in the ocean), providing an example of a symbiosis-derived evolutionary innovation with global environmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Yee
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Cell and Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, and IRIG, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France.
| | - Ty J Samo
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Raffaela M Abbriano
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Bethany Shimasaki
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Vernet
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - B Greg Mitchell
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark Hildebrand
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Johan Decelle
- Cell and Plant Physiology Laboratory, University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, and IRIG, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38054, Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, France
| | - Martin Tresguerres
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Miao H, Zheng W, Chen X, Yu G, Li X, Chu Y, Xu P, Kubur Bokhari A, Wang F. Development of subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer and its contribution to the primary productivity of water column in a large subtropical reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116118. [PMID: 37182826 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) layer emerging at a certain water depth is commonly found in stratified water bodies. Also, it is a crucial contributing region to the primary productivity of the water column. Currently, there is a lack of concern about the occurrence of SCM phenomena in studies targeting inland water bodies such as natural lakes and artificial reservoirs. This led to a significant underestimation of the level of primary productivity in these water bodies and their trophic state. In this study, a subtropical reservoir (the Xinanjiang Reservoir, XAJR) was investigated, to understand the characteristics of SCM layer in deep-large reservoir and its contribution to the primary productivity of the water column. Water sampling were conducted from September 2020 to August 2021, and in September 2022. Buoy station data for this reservoir between 2019 and 2021 were also collected. Based on the detailed observations of the water column profile in riverine area (X1), transitional area (X2), and central area (X3 and X4) of this reservoir, it was found that there was an obvious SCM phenomenon, which was closely related to the characteristics of seasonal thermal stratification. The SCM layer of XAJR appeared at depth around 3-5 m underwater from May to August, and as the thermal stratification strength increased, so did the depth and thickness of the SCM layer. It was estimated that gross primary productivity of euphotic layer of XAJR ranged from 347.9 to 4508.6 mgC·m-2·d-1. The average primary productivity level of the SCM layer reached 1411.7mgC·m-2·d-1, accounting for about 40-90% of the gross primary productivity of euphotic layer. This study contributes to a better understanding of the factors influencing changes in the development of the SCM layer in large reservoirs, as well as its critical role in the inland water carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Miao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Wenting Zheng
- Hangzhou Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Xueping Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Guiying Yu
- Chun'an Ecological and Environment Monitoring Station, Hangzhou, 311799, China.
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Peifan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Abdaseed Kubur Bokhari
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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3
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Luo J, Hu Z, Chen X, Li X, Liu L, Yang M, Miao H, Chu Y, Xu P, Wang F. Chlorophyll maxima layer in a large subtropical reservoir (Xinanjiang Reservoir): Spatial development process and limitation by CO 2 and phosphorus. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118912. [PMID: 35932705 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In marine investigations, the maximum chlorophyll-a (Chla) concentration is often reported to occur at a specific depth below the ocean surface, a phenomenon known as subsurface Chla maxima (SCM). However, SCM has long been overlooked in artificial reservoirs, which may lead to a serious underestimation of the primary productivity level and trophic status of reservoirs. To better understand the temporal and spatial variability of SCM and the mechanisms leading to SCM development, this study conducted a detailed survey in a large subtropical reservoir (Xinanjiang Reservoir, XAJR) from September 2020 to August 2021. The seasonal thermal stratification, in situ variables (WT, pH, DO and Chla), nutrient concentrations (DSi, NO3-, DIP and DCO2), Chla maxima depth and magnitude of the riverine region (S1), transition region (S2) and the central part of the XAJR (S3 and S4) were all thoroughly investigated. Thermal stratification and SCM in XAJR exhibited significant seasonal and spatial heterogeneity. Phytoplankton biomass in the epilimnion was limited by dissolved CO2 from June to October in the warm seasons, while it was primarily limited by phosphorus in the other seasons, according to the nutrient limitation analysis. Along the water column, dissolved CO2 limitation occurred mainly above the SCM layer, and the water column below the SCM layer gradually transitioned from dissolved CO2 limitation to phosphorus limitation. Furthermore, as the thermal stratification developed, the upstream water mass moves along the middle of the water column as density flow toward the reservoir, providing nutrients for the development of the SCM. This research contributes to a better understanding of the temporal and spatial variation of SCM and nutrient supply in deep and large stratified reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Luo
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Zhehui Hu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Xueping Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Meilin Yang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Haocheng Miao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yongsheng Chu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Peifan Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Fushun Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
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Grimaudo R, Lazzari P, Solidoro C, Valenti D. Effects of solar irradiance noise on a complex marine trophic web. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12163. [PMID: 35842433 PMCID: PMC9288520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16236-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of experimental data of the solar irradiance, collected on the marine surface, clearly highlights the intrinsic stochasticity of such an environmental parameter. Given this result, effects of randomly fluctuating irradiance on the population dynamics of a marine ecosystem are studied on the basis of the stochastic 0-dimensional biogeochemical flux model. The noisy fluctuations of the irradiance are formally described as a multiplicative Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, that is a self-correlated Gaussian noise. Nonmonotonic behaviours of the variance of the marine populations' biomass are found with respect to the intensity and the autocorrelation time of the noise source, manifesting a noise-induced transition of the ecosystem to an out-of-equilibrium steady state. Moreover, evidence of noise-induced effects on the organic carbon cycling processes underlying the food web dynamics are highlighted. The reported results clearly show the profound impact the stochastic environmental variables can have on both the populations and the biogeochemistry at the basis of a marine trophic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Grimaudo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Emilio Segré, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 18, I-90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzari
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via Beirut 2, I-34014, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Solidoro
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, via Beirut 2, I-34014, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Valenti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica Emilio Segré, Universitá degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 18, I-90128, Palermo, Italy
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Multi-Collocation-Based Estimation of Wave Climate in a Non-Tidal Bay: The Case Study of Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay (Tyrrhenian Sea). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12071936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the advantages of shaping a non-conventional triple collocation-based calibration of a wave propagation model is pointed out. Illustrated through a case study in the Bagnoli-Coroglio Bay (central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), a multi-comparison between numerical data and direct measurements have been carried out. The nearshore wave propagation model output has been compared with measurements from an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) and an innovative low-cost drifter-derived GPS-based wave buoy located outside the bay. The triple collocation—buoy, ADCP and virtual numerical point—make possible an implicit validation between instrumentations and between instrumentation and numerical model. The procedure presented here advocates for an alternative “two-step” strategy. Indeed, the triple collocation technique has been used solely to provide a first “rough” calibration of one numerical domain in which the input open boundary has been placed, so that the main wave direction is orthogonally aligned. The need for a fast and sufficiently accurate estimation of wave model parameters (first step) and then an ensemble of five different offshore boundary orientations have been considered, referencing for a more detailed calibration to a short time series of a GPS-buoy installed in the study area (second step). Such a stage involves the introduction of an enhancement factor for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) dataset, used as input for the model. Finally, validation of the final model’s predictions has been carried out by comparing ADCP measurements in the bay. Despite some limitations, the results reveal that the approach is promising and an excellent correlation can be found, especially in terms of significant wave height.
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Wirtz K, Smith SL. Vertical migration by bulk phytoplankton sustains biodiversity and nutrient input to the surface ocean. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1142. [PMID: 31980670 PMCID: PMC6981162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton subsumes the great variety of unicellular photoautotrophs that perform roughly half of Earth's primary production. They achieve this despite their challenging oceanic habitat, with opposing vertical gradients of nutrients (which often limit their growth near the surface) and light (which becomes limiting with increasing depth). Most phytoplankton species are commonly assumed to be incapable of moving actively between the zones of light and nutrient availability, which are separated vertically by from 30-120 m. Here we propose that a considerable fraction of phytoplankton vertically traverse these gradients over time scales from hours to weeks, employing variations of a common migration strategy to acquire multiple resources. We present a mechanistic Lagrangian model resolving phytoplankton growth linked to optimal migration behaviour and demonstrate unprecedented agreement of its calculated vertical CHL-a distributions with 773 profiles observed at five prominent marine time-series stations. Our simulations reveal that vertically cycling phytoplankton can pump up enough nutrient to sustain as much as half of oceanic Net Primary Production (NPP). Active locomotion is therefore a plausible mechanism enabling relatively high NPP in the oligotrophic surface ocean. Our simulations also predict similar fitness for a variety of very different migration strategies, which helps to explain the puzzling diversity of phytoplankton observed in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wirtz
- Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz Centre Geesthacht, Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - S Lan Smith
- Earth SURFACE System Research Center, Research Institute for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan
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Petrovskii S, Sekerci Y, Venturino E. Regime shifts and ecological catastrophes in a model of plankton-oxygen dynamics under the climate change. J Theor Biol 2017; 424:91-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Zeng C, Xie Q, Wang T, Zhang C, Dong X, Guan L, Li K, Duan W. Stochastic ecological kinetics of regime shifts in a time‐delayed lake eutrophication ecosystem. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
- Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
- Department of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Qingshuang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
- Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Tonghuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Lin Guan
- Faculty of Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Kongzhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Weilong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
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Spatio-temporal dynamics of a planktonic system and chlorophyll distribution in a 2D spatial domain: matching model and data. Sci Rep 2017; 7:220. [PMID: 28303015 PMCID: PMC5427904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Field data on chlorophyll distribution are investigated in a two-dimensional spatial domain of the Mediterranean Sea by using for phytoplankton abundances an advection-diffusion-reaction model, which includes real values for physical and biological variables. The study exploits indeed hydrological and nutrients data acquired in situ, and includes intraspecific competition for limiting factors, i.e. light intensity and phosphate concentration. As a result, the model allows to analyze how both the velocity field of marine currents and the two components of turbulent diffusivity affect the spatial distributions of phytoplankton abundances in the Modified Atlantic Water, the upper layer of the water column of the Mediterranean Sea. Specifically, the spatio-temporal dynamics of four phytoplankton populations, responsible for about 80% of the total chlorophyll a, are reproduced. Results for phytoplankton abundances obtained by the model are converted in chlorophyll a concentrations and compared with field data collected in twelve marine sites along the Cape Passero (Sicily)- Misurata (Libya) transect. Statistical checks indicate a good agreement between theoretical and experimental distributions of chlorophyll concentration. The study can be extended to predict the spatio-temporal behaviour of the primary production, and to prevent the consequent decline of some fish species in the Mediterranean Sea.
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11
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Vertical mixing and hysteresis in the competition of buoyant and non-buoyant plankton prey species in a shallow lake. Ecol Modell 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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