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Li X, Tan Y, Song J, Lu H, Bian Y, Cai W. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis in hyperacute cerebral ischemia without significant corresponding vascular occlusion/stenosis: A Preliminary investigation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29998. [PMID: 38707359 PMCID: PMC11066378 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, we assessed the efficacy and safety of various thrombolytic treatment protocols in patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction. Methods Patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke within 6 h of symptom onset and with brain computer tomography angiography confirming the absence of major vessel stenosis or occlusion were eligible for this study. The enrolled patients were subsequently randomized into two groups: all the groups received the standard intravenous thrombolysis treatment with rt-PA (0.9 mg/kg), and the experimental group underwent sequential intra-arterial thrombolysis treatment with alteplase (0.3 mg/kg, with a maximum dose of 22 mg), administered directly into the target vessel via a microcatheter. Both groups were closely monitored for changes in their National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, modified Rankin scale score, hemorrhage rate, all-cause mortality rate, and the rate of favorable outcomes at 90 ± 7 days. Results Ninety-four participants were enrolled in this study, with both the control and experimental groups initiating intravenous injection of rt-PA at a median time of 29 min. For the experimental group, the median time for arterial puncture was 123 min. Baseline data for both groups were similar (P > 0.05). Hemorrhagic transformation occurred in 24.47 % (23 patients), with a lower intracranial hemorrhage rate observed in the experimental group compared to the control group (15.2 % vs 33.3 %, P < 0.05). Asymptomatic hemorrhage rates were 8.7 % for the experimental group and 12.5 % for the control group, with no hemorrhage detected in other locations. Post-treatment median NIHSS scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (7 vs 9, P < 0.05), but short-term NIHSS scores were similar (P > 0.05). A higher proportion of patients in the experimental group achieved favorable outcomes compared to the control group (87.0 % vs 43.8 %, P < 0.05). Conclusion In patients with acute ischemic stroke with an onset time of ≤6 h and no major intracranial vessel occlusion, combining rt-PA intravenous thrombolysis with intra-arterial thrombolysis via a microcatheter might yield superior functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinzhao Song
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases Center, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang 537100, Guangxi, China
| | - Hongying Lu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases Center, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang 537100, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Bian
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases Center, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang 537100, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenqiang Cai
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases Center, Guigang People's Hospital, Guigang 537100, Guangxi, China
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An Update on the Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-023-00748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Mohamed A, Shuaib A, Saqqur M, Fatima N. The impact of leptomeningeal collaterals in acute ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:471-489. [PMID: 36195701 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Leptomeningeal collaterals provide an alternate pathway to maintain cerebral blood flow in stroke to prevent ischemia, but their role in predicting the outcome is still unclear. So, our study aims at assessing the significance of collateral blood flow (CBF) in acute stroke. METHODS Electronic databases were searched under different MeSH terms from January 2000 to February 2019. Studies were included if there was available data on good and poor CBF in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The clinical outcomes included were modified Rankin scale (mRS), recanalization, mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) at 90 days. Data was analyzed using a random-effect model. RESULTS A total of 47 studies with 8194 patients were included. Pooled meta-analysis revealed that there exist twofold higher likelihood of favorable clinical outcome (mRS ≤ 2) at 90 days with good CBF compared with poor CBF (RR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.94-2.65; p < 0.00001) irrespective of the thrombolytic therapy [RR with IVT: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.14-3.94; p < 0.00001, and RR with IAT/EVT: 1.99; 95% CI: 1.55-2.55; p < 0.00001]. Moreover, there exists onefold higher probability of successful recanalization with good CBF (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.15-1.49; p < 0.00001). However, there was 54% and 64% lower risk of sICH and mortality respectively in patients with good CBF in AIS (p < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS The relative risk of favorable clinical outcome is more in patients with good pretreatment CBF. This could be explained due to better chances of recanalization combined with a lesser risk of intracerebral hemorrhage with good CBF status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Biology (Physiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashfaq Shuaib
- Department of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Maher Saqqur
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Better Health, MSK Trillium Hospital, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Nida Fatima
- Division of Neurosurgery, House Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Paray V. Stroke. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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5
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Turowski B, Caspers J. Radiologische Interventionen bei Schlaganfall. Notf Rett Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-021-00907-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diprose WK, Wang MTM, Ghate K, Brew S, Caldwell JR, McGuinness B, Barber PA. Adjunctive Intra-arterial Thrombolysis in Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2021; 96:1135-1143. [PMID: 33931539 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT) as an adjunct to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in ischemic stroke, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. METHODS Searches were performed using MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies that compared EVT with EVT with adjunctive IAT (EVT + IAT). Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and mortality at 3 months. Efficacy outcomes included successful reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 2b-3) and functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2 at 3 months. RESULTS Five studies were identified that compared combined EVT + IAT (IA alteplase or urokinase) with EVT only and were included in the random-effects meta-analysis. There were 1693 EVT patients, including 269 patients treated with combined EVT + IAT and 1,424 patients receiving EVT only. Pooled analysis did not demonstrate any differences between EVT + IAT and EVT only in rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20-1.85; p = 0.78), mortality (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.54-1.10; p = 0.15), or successful reperfusion (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.52-2.15; p = 0.89). There was a higher rate of functional independence in patients treated with EVT + IAT, although this was not statistically significant (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.00-1.80; p = 0.053). CONCLUSION Adjunctive IAT appears to be safe. In specific situations, neurointerventionists may be justified in administering small doses of intra-arterial alteplase or urokinase as rescue therapy during EVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K Diprose
- From the Department of Neurology (W.K.D., K.G.), Auckland City Hospital; Department of Medicine (M.T.M.W., P.A.B.), University of Auckland; and Department of Radiology (S.B., J.R.C., B.M.), Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Michael T M Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (W.K.D., K.G.), Auckland City Hospital; Department of Medicine (M.T.M.W., P.A.B.), University of Auckland; and Department of Radiology (S.B., J.R.C., B.M.), Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Kaustubha Ghate
- From the Department of Neurology (W.K.D., K.G.), Auckland City Hospital; Department of Medicine (M.T.M.W., P.A.B.), University of Auckland; and Department of Radiology (S.B., J.R.C., B.M.), Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Brew
- From the Department of Neurology (W.K.D., K.G.), Auckland City Hospital; Department of Medicine (M.T.M.W., P.A.B.), University of Auckland; and Department of Radiology (S.B., J.R.C., B.M.), Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - James R Caldwell
- From the Department of Neurology (W.K.D., K.G.), Auckland City Hospital; Department of Medicine (M.T.M.W., P.A.B.), University of Auckland; and Department of Radiology (S.B., J.R.C., B.M.), Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - Ben McGuinness
- From the Department of Neurology (W.K.D., K.G.), Auckland City Hospital; Department of Medicine (M.T.M.W., P.A.B.), University of Auckland; and Department of Radiology (S.B., J.R.C., B.M.), Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand
| | - P Alan Barber
- From the Department of Neurology (W.K.D., K.G.), Auckland City Hospital; Department of Medicine (M.T.M.W., P.A.B.), University of Auckland; and Department of Radiology (S.B., J.R.C., B.M.), Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand.
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Intra-Arterial Tissue Plasminogen Activator Is a Safe Rescue Therapy with Mechanical Thrombectomy. World Neurosurg 2019; 123:e604-e608. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Kim CH, Jeon JP, Kim SE, Choi HJ, Cho YJ. Endovascular Treatment with Intravenous Thrombolysis versus Endovascular Treatment Alone for Acute Anterior Circulation Stroke : A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2018; 61:467-473. [PMID: 29631383 PMCID: PMC6046573 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2017.0505.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine outcome of ischemic stroke patients in the anterior circulation treated with endovascular treatment (EVT) with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) versus EVT alone group. Methods A systemic literature review was performed using online database from January 2004 to January 2017. Primary outcomes were successful recanalization seen on finial angiography and good outcome at three months. Secondary outcomes were mortality and the development of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (S-ICH) after the procedure. A fixed effect model was used when heterogeneity was less than 50%. Egger’s regression test was used to assess publication bias. Results Five studies were included for final analysis. Between EVT with IVT and EVT alone group, successful recanalization (odds ratio [OR] 1.467, p=0.216), good clinical outcome at three months (OR 1.199, p=0.385), mortality (OR 0.776, p=0.371), and S-ICH (OR 1.820, p=0.280) did not differ significantly. Egger’s regression intercept with 95% confidence interval (CI) was 1.99 (95% CI -2.91 to 6.89) in successful recanalization and -0.27 (95% CI -6.35 to 5.80) in good clinical outcome, respectively. Conclusion The two treatment modalities, EVT with IVT and EVT alone, could be comparable in treating acute anterior circulation stroke. Studies to find specific beneficiary group for EVT alone, without primary IVT, are needed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jin Pyeong Jeon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea.,Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul Emergency Operations Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Jai Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong Jun Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
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An Overview of Meta-Analyses of Endovascular Bridging Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9831210. [PMID: 29707581 PMCID: PMC5863300 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9831210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) is a common cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of long-term severe disability. Endovascular bridging therapies (EBT), including endovascular thrombectomy (ET) and intra-arterial thrombolytic (IAT), have been recommended to realize a favorable functional outcome for AIS patients. Methods An overview of meta-analyses of primary randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies was performed evaluating EBT for AIS patients compared with usual care. Results Ten meta-analyses were included in this overview. ET was associated with a higher incidence of achieving functional outcome improvement, defined as a modified Rankin scale of 0 to 1 (mRS, p = 0.003), 0 to 2 (p < 0.00001), and 0 to 3 (p = 0.005). The risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) rate and all-cause mortality were similar between the two groups. Moreover, IAT treatment was also related to significantly improved outcomes in terms of the mRS score (p < 0.05), but no significant difference in rates of sICH and mortality within 90 days. Conclusions In conclusion, our analysis supports that EBT, regardless of format (e.g., ET or IAT), is superior to the best medical therapy alone (e.g., IVT) in terms of mRS score in patients with AIS. In addition, the safety of EBT is similar to IVT.
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Chandra A, Stone CR, Du X, Li WA, Huber M, Bremer R, Geng X, Ding Y. The cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular disease III: Stroke. Brain Circ 2017; 3:66-77. [PMID: 30276307 PMCID: PMC6126259 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_12_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, our review series on cerebrovascular disease anatomy, physiology, and pathology ends with a thorough discussion of the most significant cerebrovascular pathology: stroke. This discussion proceeds through two layers of organization. First, stroke is divided up into its main etiologic categories (ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic to hemorrhagic transformation). Then, the epidemiological, pathophysiological, clinical, and therapeutic (employed currently as well as emerging) aspects of each etiology are explored; emphasis is placed upon the therapeutic aspects. Finally, once we have covered all aspects of each etiologic category, we end our review with a defense of the thesis that there is much hope for the future of stroke treatment to be derived from familiarity with the literature on emerging therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Chandra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Christopher R. Stone
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiangnan Du
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - William A. Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mitchell Huber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Richard Bremer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Xiaokun Geng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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Kennedy SA, Baerlocher MO, Baerlocher F, Socko D, Sacks D, Nikolic B, Wojak JC, Haskal ZJ. Meta-Analysis of Local Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2016; 27:307-21.e2. [PMID: 26803573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A meta-analysis was performed to assess randomized controlled trials comparing local endovascular therapy (with and without intravenous thrombolysis) versus standard care (intravenous thrombolysis alone when appropriate) for acute ischemic stroke. Local endovascular therapy showed a significant improvement in functional independence versus standard care (odds ratio, 1.779; 95% confidence interval, 1.262-2.507; P < .001). This benefit strengthened further on subgroup analyses of trials in which a majority of cases used stent retrievers, trials with intravenous thrombolysis use in both arms when appropriate, and trials that required preprocedural imaging of all patients. There were no significant differences between arms in terms of mortality, hemicraniectomy, intracranial hemorrhage, and cerebral edema rates (P > .05). In conclusion, in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, local endovascular therapy leads to improved functional independence compared with standard care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean A Kennedy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mark O Baerlocher
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Barrie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Felix Baerlocher
- Department of Biology, Mount Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Daniel Socko
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Sacks
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Reading Health System, West Reading, Pennsylvania
| | - Boris Nikolic
- Department of Radiology, Stratton Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Joan C Wojak
- Department of Radiology, Our Lady of Lourdes Regional Medical Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Lafayette, Louisiana
| | - Ziv J Haskal
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Elgendy IY, Kumbhani DJ, Mahmoud A, Bhatt DL, Bavry AA. Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:2498-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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