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Besson FL, Fernandez B, Faure S, Mercier O, Seferian A, Blanchet É, Mignard X, Chetouani A, Bulifon S, Mussot S, Parent F, Bouderraoui F, Montani D, Mitilian D, Fadel E, Ghigna-Bellinzoni MR, Cherkaoui H, Comtat C, Lebon V, Durand E. Diffusion-weighted Imaging Voxelwise-matched Analyses of Lung Cancer at 3.0-T PET/MRI: Reverse Phase Encoding Approach for Echo-planar Imaging Distortion Correction. Radiology 2020; 295:692-700. [PMID: 32208099 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020192013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background PET/MRI has drawn increasing interest in thoracic oncology due to the simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI data. Geometric distortions related to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) limit the evaluation of voxelwise multimodal analyses. Purpose To assess the effectiveness of reverse phase encoding in correcting DWI geometric distortion for multimodal PET/MRI voxelwise lung tumor analyses. Materials and Methods In this prospective study, reverse phase encoding method was implemented with 3.0-T PET/MRI to correct geometric distortions related to DWI. The method was validated in dedicated phantom and then applied to 12 consecutive patients (mean age, 66 years ± 13 [standard deviation]; 10 men) suspected of having lung cancer who underwent fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI between October 2018 and April 2019. The effects on DWI-related image matching and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) regional map computation were assessed. Consequences on multimodal PET/MRI voxelwise lung tumor analyses were evaluated. Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) between the standardized uptake value (SUV) and ADC data corrected for distortion were computed from optimal realigned DWI PET data, along with bootstrap confidence intervals. Results Phantom results showed that in highly distorted areas, correcting the distortion significantly reduced the mean error against the ground truth (-25% ± 10.6 to -18.4% ± 12.6; P < .001) and the number of voxels with more than 20% error (from 85.3% to 31.4%). In the 12 patients, the coregistration of multimodal PET/MRI tumor data was improved by using the reverse phase encoding method (0.4%-44%). In all tumors, voxelwise correlations (rs) between ADC and SUV revealed null or weak monotonic relationships (mean rs of 0.016 ± 0.24 with none above 0.5). Conclusion Reverse phase encoding is a simple-to-implement method for improved diffusion-weighted multimodal PET/MRI voxelwise-matched analyses in lung cancer. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Colletti in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent L Besson
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Brice Fernandez
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Sylvain Faure
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Olaf Mercier
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Andrei Seferian
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Élise Blanchet
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Xavier Mignard
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Ahmed Chetouani
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Sophie Bulifon
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Sacha Mussot
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Florence Parent
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Fahd Bouderraoui
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - David Montani
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Delphine Mitilian
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Elie Fadel
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna-Bellinzoni
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Hamza Cherkaoui
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Claude Comtat
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Vincent Lebon
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
| | - Emmanuel Durand
- From the Dept of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine-Molecular Imaging, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., E.D.); Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (F.L.B., O.M., A.S., S.B., S.M., F.P., D. Montani, D. Mitiliian, E.F., V.L., E.D.), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, Orsay, 91401, France (F.L.B., C.C., V.L., E.D.); Applications and Workflow, GE Healthcare, Buc, France (B.F.); Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay, Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, 91405 Orsay, France (S.F.); Dept of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery and Heart-Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (O.M., S.M., D. Mitilian, E.F.); Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, CHU Bicêtre, 94270, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France (A.S., X.M., S.B., F.P., D. Montani); Inserm UMR_S999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (A.S., D. Montani); Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot (SHFJ), CEA/Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France (É.B., A.C., F.B., V.L.); Dept of Pathology, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France (M.R.G.B.); NeuroSpin, CEA Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Parietal, INRIA, Palaiseau, 91120, France (H.C.)
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