1
|
Hoyek S, Peacker BL, Acaba-Berrocal LA, Al-Khersan H, Zhao Y, Hartnett ME, Berrocal AM, Patel NA. The Male to Female Ratio in Treatment-Warranted Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:1110-1120. [PMID: 36201195 PMCID: PMC9539737 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Literature and anecdotal evidence suggest a relationship between male sex and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It is not known whether a difference, if present, is sex-related pathophysiologic predisposition or sex difference in meeting ROP screening criteria. Objective To evaluate the association of sex with the development of treatment-warranted ROP. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched from 2000 to 2022. The search strategy used keywords including retinopathy of prematurity or ROP or retrolental fibroplasia and treatment or anti-VEGF or bevacizumab or ranibizumab or aflibercept or conbercept or laser or cryotherapy and gender or sex or male or female and medical subject headings terms. Study Selection All studies reporting on treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, laser photocoagulation, and/or cryotherapy for ROP were identified. Studies reporting sex distribution in the treatment group were included in the meta-analysis. Exclusion criteria included case reports, case series of fewer than 10 treated patients, systematic reviews, conference abstracts, letters to the editor, animal studies, and non-English records. Data Extraction and Synthesis Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The proportions of treated male and female infants were combined using random-effects meta-analysis. Main Outcomes and Measures Numbers and percentages of male and female infants treated for ROP. Results Of 11 368 identified studies, 316 met inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 31 026 treated patients. A higher percentage of male infants were treated for ROP (55% [95% CI, 0.54%-0.55%]), with low heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 34%; P < .001). Thirty-eight studies reported sex distribution in the screened population (170 053 patients; 92 612 [53%] male vs 77 441 [47%] female). There was no significant difference in the odds of receiving treatment between screened male and female infants (pooled odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.91-1.18]; P = .67). Conclusions and Relevance More male infants are treated for ROP than female infants. This could be due to a known relative pathophysiological fragility of preterm male infants in addition to a difference in ROP screening rates, with more male infants meeting the criteria than female infants. These findings have implications for future studies and may prompt more careful clinical monitoring of male neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hoyek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Bryan L. Peacker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Luis A. Acaba-Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago
| | - Hasenin Al-Khersan
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Audina M. Berrocal
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nimesh A. Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peng Y, Chen Z, Zhu W, Shi F, Wang M, Zhou Y, Xiang D, Chen X, Chen F. ADS-Net: attention-awareness and deep supervision based network for automatic detection of retinopathy of prematurity. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:4087-4101. [PMID: 36032570 PMCID: PMC9408258 DOI: 10.1364/boe.461411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a proliferative vascular disease, which is one of the most dangerous and severe ocular complications in premature infants. Automatic ROP detection system can assist ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of ROP, which is safe, objective, and cost-effective. Unfortunately, due to the large local redundancy and the complex global dependencies in medical image processing, it is challenging to learn the discriminative representation from ROP-related fundus images. To bridge this gap, a novel attention-awareness and deep supervision based network (ADS-Net) is proposed to detect the existence of ROP (Normal or ROP) and 3-level ROP grading (Mild, Moderate, or Severe). First, to balance the problems of large local redundancy and complex global dependencies in images, we design a multi-semantic feature aggregation (MsFA) module based on self-attention mechanism to take full advantage of convolution and self-attention, generating attention-aware expressive features. Then, to solve the challenge of difficult training of deep model and further improve ROP detection performance, we propose an optimization strategy with deeply supervised loss. Finally, the proposed ADS-Net is evaluated on ROP screening and grading tasks with per-image and per-examination strategies, respectively. In terms of per-image classification pattern, the proposed ADS-Net achieves 0.9552 and 0.9037 for Kappa index in ROP screening and grading, respectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ADS-Net generally outperforms other state-of-the-art classification networks, showing the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Peng
- MIPAV Lab, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Zhongyue Chen
- MIPAV Lab, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Weifang Zhu
- MIPAV Lab, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Fei Shi
- MIPAV Lab, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, ASTAR, Singapore
| | - Yi Zhou
- MIPAV Lab, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
| | - Daoman Xiang
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Xinjian Chen
- MIPAV Lab, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215006, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bekmez S, Eris D. Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Big Babies. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2022; 240:705-711. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1745-9083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background Evaluation of babies with gestational age (GA) over 32 weeks and with a birth weight (BW) over 1500 g, who underwent treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Materials and Methods The data of babies with ROP between June 2015 – 2020 were analyzed retrospectively and cross-sectionally. All infants treated for ROP were evaluated. Big babies
who were older than 32 weeks GA with a BW higher than 1500 g were determined. Other treated premature infants formed the control group.
Results We retrospectively scanned 6581 patients who underwent ROP examination. Of these babies, 109 were treated for ROP. Thirteen babies (12%) who were treated for ROP were born
over 32 weeks of GA and above the weight of 1500 g. One big infant was excluded because of missing file data. Eleven of these infants had type 1 ROP and 1 had aggressive posterior ROP. The
mean GA and BW of big babies was 33.58 ± 0.88 weeks and 1860.83 ± 257.73 g, respectively. The mean GA and BW of the control group was 27.85 ± 2.02 weeks and 1068.28 ± 313.78 g, respectively.
Both the big babies and the control group received oxygen treatment for 15.25 ± 11.44 and 19.17 ± 12.11 days (p = 0.29), respectively. Sepsis was seen in one big infant but 18 infants were
observed to have sepsis in the control group. Similarly, one big infant had necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), while in the control group, 12 infants had NEC.
Conclusions Total oxygen intake days, NEC, and sepsis rates were found to be relatively lower in big babies with severe ROP. This could suggest that other factors may have a greater
effect on the development of severe ROP in big babies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bekmez
- Ophthalmology, Dr. Behçet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilem Eris
- Neonatology, Dr. Behçet Uz Child Disease and Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang SK, Korot E, Zaidi M, Ji MH, Al-Moujahed A, Callaway NF, Kumm J, Moshfeghi DM. Modeling absolute zone size in retinopathy of prematurity in relation to axial length. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4717. [PMID: 35304549 PMCID: PMC8933429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment outcomes in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are closely correlated with the location (i.e. zone) of disease, with more posterior zones having poorer outcomes. The most posterior zone, Zone I, is defined as a circle centered on the optic nerve with radius twice the distance from nerve to fovea, or subtending an angle of 30 degrees. Because the eye enlarges and undergoes refractive changes during the period of ROP screening, the absolute area of Zone I according to these definitions may likewise change. It is possible that these differences may confound accurate assessment of risk in patients with ROP. In this study, we estimated the area of Zone I in relation to different ocular parameters to determine how variability in the size and refractive power of the eye may affect zoning. Using Gaussian optics, a model was constructed to calculate the absolute area of Zone I as a function of corneal power, anterior chamber depth, lens power, lens thickness, and axial length (AL), with Zone I defined as a circle with radius set by a 30-degree visual angle. Our model predicted Zone I area to be most sensitive to changes in AL; for example, an increase of AL from 14.20 to 16.58 mm at postmenstrual age 32 weeks was calculated to expand the area of Zone I by up to 72%. These findings motivate several hypotheses which upon future testing may help optimize treatment decisions for ROP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean K Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Rm. 2277, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Edward Korot
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Rm. 2277, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Moosa Zaidi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Rm. 2277, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Marco H Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jones Eye Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Ahmad Al-Moujahed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Rm. 2277, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Natalia F Callaway
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Rm. 2277, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Jochen Kumm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Rm. 2277, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
| | - Darius M Moshfeghi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 2452 Watson Court, Rm. 2277, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bahmani T, Karimi A, Rezaei N, Daliri S. Retinopathy prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis study based on neonatal and maternal risk factors. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:8032-8050. [PMID: 34256661 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1940938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity is the abnormal development of retinal arteries in preterm neonates less than 32 weeks and weighing 1500 g, and less, which can lead to visual impairment during life and blindness. This study aims to investigate the relationship between some clinical characteristics of neonates and mothers with Retinopathy of prematurity in the world via a systematic review and meta-analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study is a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between maternal and neonatal clinical variables with Retinopathy of prematurity in the world from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2020. Accordingly, all English articles published on the topic were searched in scientific databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus. The articles were searched independently by two researchers. Statistical analysis of data was performed using fixed and random effects model statistical tests in the meta-analysis, Cochran, meta-regression, I2 index, Funnel plot, and Begg's by STATA software program, version 14. RESULT A total of 191 studies with a sample size of 140,921 persons were including in the meta-analysis. Accordingly, Preterm delivery ≤28 weeks (OR:6.3, 95% CI:4.9-8.1), Birth Weight ≤1000 g (OR:5.8, 95% CI:4.8-6.8), Birth Weight ≤1500 g (OR:4.8, 95% CI:3.8-6.1), PROM (OR:1.2, 95% CI:1.0-1.4), induced fertility (OR:1.9, 95% CI:1.1-3.0) and Chorioamnionitis (OR:1.5, 95% CI:1.0-2.2) There was a statistically significant association with retinopathy. CONCLUSION Based on the results of the present meta-analysis, the risk of retinopathy of prematurity in neonates born at 28 weeks and less, LBW (weight 1500 g and less), neonatal hypotension, chorioamnionitis, and induced fertility increases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Bahmani
- School Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Arezoo Karimi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Nazanin Rezaei
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Salman Daliri
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bai YC, Wu R, Chen SZ, Wei SY, Chen HJ, Chen YC, Feng SF, Lu XH. Efficacy of the WINROP algorithm for retinopathy of prematurity screening in Southern China. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:127-132. [PMID: 33469494 PMCID: PMC7790663 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.01.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the predicting efficacy of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by the WINROP algorithm (http://winrop.com) in Southern China. METHODS All preterm infants with the gestational age (GA) less than 32wk were included. Their ROP screening results and serial postnatal body weight were analysed retrospectively. Weekly body weight was entered into and measured by the WINROP system. The outcomes were analysed, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. RESULTS Totally 432 infants with a median GA of 30.0 (24.0-31.9)wk, and a median birth weight (BW) of 1360 (540-2700) g were included. Among these 432 infants, 50 were diagnosed as type 1 ROP but only 28 were identified by the WINROP algorithm. The sensitivity was 56% (28/50) and the NPV was 92% (252/274). However, for infants with BW <1000 g or GA <28wk, the sensitivity was 93.8% (15/16) and 93.3% (14/15), respectively. Meanwhile, with several postnatal complications added as additional risk factors, the sensitivity was increased to 96% (48/50). CONCLUSION The sensitivity of the WINROP algorithm from the Southern Chinese cohort is not as high as that reported in developed countries. This algorithm is effective for detecting severe ROP from extremely small or preterm infants. Modification of the algorithm with additional risk factors could improve the predictive value for infants with a GA>28wk in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Zhe Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shi-Yu Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liuzhou People's Hospital, Liuzhou 545006, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hui-Jie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatric, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Song-Fu Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-He Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ding W, Luo C, Cheng X, Shi Z, Lei M, Rong J, Song M, Cao W, Zhang J, Ge J, Wang M, Zhang Y, Xia P, Wang L, Liu Y, Zhang Q. A Good Way to Reduce Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Development of the ROP Model in a China Preterm Population. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:697690. [PMID: 34277525 PMCID: PMC8278052 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.697690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable cause of blindness in children. Without treatment, more than 45% of eyes may suffer permanent vision loss. Current ROP screening guidelines, which include a range of birth weights (BWs) and gestational ages (GAs), may require screening many low-risk preemies who might develop severe ROP. Method: All high-risk infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2017 to 2021 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Each of the 27 candidate risk factors was evaluated in univariate analysis and adjusted for known risk factors (i.e., GA and BW). The significant results were analyzed in a backward selection multivariate logistic regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and a nomogram were drawn. Results: The study included 2,040 infants who underwent ROP screening. The weight gain rate [OR, 2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49-1.21 ≤ 12 g/d vs. > 18 g/d; P = 0.001], blood transfusion (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.14-3.64; P = 0.017), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.15-2.66; P = 0.009) and N-terminal segment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ≥ 25,000 ng/L (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.00-2.28; P = 0.048) were four new statistically independent risk factors in addition to GA and BW. The area under the curve (AUC) of the final multivariate model was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.88-0.92; P < 0.001). Conclusions and Relevance: These findings add to our understanding of ROP screening because they include all eligible infants rather than only high-risk infants, as in previous studies. Under the control of BW and GA, low weight gain rate, increased number of blood transfusion, invasive mechanical ventilation and NT-proBNP ≥ 25,000 ng/L were "new" statistically independent risk factors for ROP. The ROP risk can be calculated manually or represented by a nomogram for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Ding
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenghan Luo
- Orthopeadics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinru Cheng
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zanyang Shi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Lei
- Health Care Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junbo Rong
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Song
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Cao
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingdi Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Ge
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yixia Zhang
- Children Health Care Department, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peige Xia
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Pediatrics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Titawattanakul Y, Kulvichit K, Varadisai A, Mavichak A. Outcomes of Pre-Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (Pre-ETROP). Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:3393-3397. [PMID: 33116390 PMCID: PMC7584510 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s268997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The earlier treat stage 3 ROP is more likely to achieve better outcomes. Primary Purpose To study the unfavorable outcomes and regression after pre-early treatment for ROP. Secondary Purpose To evaluate the progression and recurrence of ROP requiring retreatment after pre-early treatment for ROP. Patients and Methods The data were retrieved retrospectively from the medical records of all infants who were screened and treated for ROP from January 2009 to January 2014 at a tertiary care facility. The outcomes measured the following: 1. unfavorable outcomes; 2. regression of ROP; 3. progression of ROP and 4. recurrence of ROP requiring retreatment. We treated all stage 3 ROP in any zone, with or without plus. The study also compared the outcomes between the pre-ETROP and the ETROP subgroups. Results There were 91 eyes with stage 3 ROP. Of the total of 91 eyes, there were 63 eyes with the pre-ETROP group and 28 eyes of the ETROP group. The unfavorable outcomes after treatment occur 6 eyes from 28 eyes (21.43%) in the ETROP group but no unfavorable outcomes in the pre-ETROP group (P=0.001). The pre-ETROP group who were treated with laser LIO alone had 100% regression, while the ETROP group who were treated with LIO (26 eyes) had 88.46% regression. There were 2 eyes of this group who were treated with a combination of LIO and IVT Bevacizumab. Both of them did not have regression. The recurrence of ROP requiring retreatment occurred in 2 eyes (7.14%) of the ETROP group, but no recurrence in the pre-ETROP group (P=0.092). The progression after treatment occurred in 3 eyes (10.71%) in the ETROP group, but no progression in the pre-ETROP group (P=0.027). Conclusion The pre-ETROP treatment is useful for reducing unfavorable outcomes and increasing the regression of ROP. Further, the treatment can reduce the recurrence of neovascularization and progression after treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yothin Titawattanakul
- Vitreo-retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Kulvichit
- Vitreo-retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Adisai Varadisai
- Vitreo-retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apivat Mavichak
- Vitreo-retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Azad R, Gilbert C, Gangwe AB, Zhao P, Wu WC, Sarbajna P, Vinekar A. Retinopathy of Prematurity: How to Prevent the Third Epidemics in Developing Countries. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:440-448. [PMID: 32925293 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is vasoproliferative disease affecting preterm infants and is a leading cause of avoidable childhood blindness worldwide. The world is currently experiencing the third epidemic of ROP, where majority of the cases are from middle-income countries. Over 40% of the world's premature infants were born in India, China, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Indonesia. Together with other neighboring nations, this region has unique challenges in ROP management. Key aspects of the challenges including heavier and more mature infants developing severe ROP. Current strategies include adoption of national screening guidelines, telemedicine, integrating vision rehabilitation and software innovations in the form of artificial intelligence. This review overviews some of these aspects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajvardhan Azad
- Regional institute of Ophthalmology, Indira Gandhi institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Claire Gilbert
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong, University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Chi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Meng Q, Cheng Y, Wu X, Zhao D, Zhao M, Liang J. Refractive error outcomes after intravitreal ranibizumab for retinopathy of prematurity. Clin Exp Optom 2019; 103:495-500. [PMID: 31802528 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the refractive outcomes in children treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS A retrospective study of 95 patients (186 eyes) was conducted. All patients received IVR treatment. The cycloplegic refraction was evaluated at three months, six months, 12 months and 24 months. RESULT The average spherical equivalent (SE) refraction value for patients with ROP who were treated with IVR as a monotherapy at the three, six, 12 and 24 months was +1.84 ± 2.11 D, +1.02 ± 2.41 D, +0.43 ± 2.23 D and +0.13 ± 2.73 D, respectively (p < 0.001). Myopia (SE < -0.25 D) was observed in 24 eyes (15.9 per cent) at the three-month follow-up, 33 eyes (21.8 per cent) at the six-month follow-up, 33 eyes (26.5 per cent) at the 12-month follow-up and 34 eyes (37.5 per cent) at the 24-month follow-up, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentage of eyes with high myopia (SE < -5.0 D) was 0.6 per cent, 1.4 per cent, 1.7 per cent and 3.4 per cent at the three-month, six-month, 12-month and 24-month follow-up visits in the IVR group. There were 59 eyes that received repeated IVR injections at the follow-ups. The average SE of patients receiving repeated injections at the three-, six-, 12- and 24-month visits was +1.53 ± 2.03 D, +1.25 ± 1.95 D, +0.58 ± 2.24 D and -0.17 ± 3.22 D, respectively (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Our large sample study found that 37.5 per cent and 3.4 per cent of patients treated with IVR developed myopia and high myopia respectively, at the 24-month follow-up. Furthermore, the mean SE decreased, and the trend of myopia increased, in the IVR group at the follow-ups. Repeated injections might promote myopia in ROP patients. The refractive status needs to be monitored in patients treated with ranibizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The General Hospital of Jixi Mining, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Eye Disease and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Meng QY, Cheng Y, Zhao MW, Liang JH. The process of retinal vascularization in retinopathy of prematurity after ranibizumab treatment in China. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:1146-1150. [PMID: 31341806 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.07.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the process of retinal vascularization and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) treated with intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) as monotherapy. METHODS Infants with type 1 ROP who received IVR as primary treatment from August 2014 to October 2016 at Peking University People's Hospital's Ophthalmology Department were included in the study. All eyes received 0.25 mg ranibizumab at initial treatment. Retinal vascularization was evaluated clinically. Potential risk factors were also recorded and examined. RESULTS Retinal vascularization was completed in 126 eyes (62.7%), and retinal vascularization terminated in zone II and zone III with 16 eyes (7.9%) and 44 eyes (21.9%), respectively, after more than 1-year follow-up. In multivariate regression analysis, lower birth weight (BW), severity of ROP and repeated injections were found to be risk factors for peripheral avascular area (P<0.05). CONCLUSION In our retrospective study, 29.8% of the ROP eyes treated with ranibizumab have peripheral avascular area at the last follow-up. Lighter BW and the severity of ROP are risk factors. Furthermore, repeated injections also increase the risk of retinal peripheral avascular area remaining in ROP patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming-Wei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-Hong Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing 100044, China.,College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tiryaki Demir S, Karapapak M, Uslu HS, Bulbul A, Guven D, Dirim AB, Ustaoglu M, Sendul SY, Olgun A. Retinopathy screening results of late-preterm infants born at 32–35 weeks of gestational age. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:1325-1329. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
13
|
Dou GR, Li MH, Zhang ZF, Lu YN, Zhu YN, Wang HY, Wang J, Wang XJ, Fan J, Wang YS. Demographic profile and ocular characteristics of stage 5 retinopathy of prematurity at a referral center in Northwest China: implications for implementation. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:307. [PMID: 30497419 PMCID: PMC6267009 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with extremely unfavorable prognosis among infants can do great damage to individuals and bring tremendous social-economic burden. The purpose of this study is to describe the demographic and ocular characteristics of infants who presented with stage 5 ROP in order to identify reasons why they have become blind, and to identify contributing factors in order to focus great attention on the current ROP program and to inspire more effort in ROP screening in middle income countries. Methods A retrospective review of consecutive infants with stage 5 ROP from December 2010 to December 2016 in Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital. Various parameters retrieved included birthweight, gestational age, age at initial examination, postmenstrual age, screening details, check-up details and reasons for consultation. Ocular findings were recorded and also detected by ultrasonography. Results A retrospective review of 20 consecutive infants with stage 5 ROP are included. Mean birthweight was1712.3 ± 512.97 g and mean gestational age at birth was 32.1 ± 2.21 weeks. Median age at first consultancy was 9.7 month. Median postmenstrual age first consultancy was 52 weeks. All infants were never screened for ROP before they came to the referral center. Of twenty stage 5 ROP infants, 13 cases presented with bilateral stage 5 features. Of the 40 eyes of 20 infants, 33 eyes were diagnosed as stage 5. Leukocoric pupil, closed funnel configuration of retinal detachment (RD), posterior synechia, extraretinal fibrovascular proliferation and retinal folds were the most significant indicators of bad prognosis. Ten eyes appeared no fixation to light, while 30 eyes exhibited following to light or following to toys. Conclusions Our study shows that in relatively less-developed regions of China, more needs to be done to spread awareness about the disease among pediatricians, neonatologists and ophthalmologists as well as parents of premature infants. Thus, a comprehensive control system which is a whole network of propaganda, screening, treatment and follow-up are encouraged especially in less developed areas in China as well as worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Rui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Man-Hong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zi-Feng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Na Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan-Ni Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Changle West Road 127#, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Retrobulbar Block in Pediatric Vitreoretinal Surgery Eliminates the Need for Intraoperative Fentanyl and Postoperative Analgesia: A Randomized Controlled Study. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2018; 42:521-526. [PMID: 28492439 DOI: 10.1097/aap.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pediatric ophthalmologic surgery is traditionally accomplished by general anesthesia with opioids, but respiratory depression remains a major concern. Our study compared the efficacy of retrobulbar block with systemic fentanyl on pain, hemodynamic, and stress response in pediatric vitreoretinal surgery. METHODS A prospective double-blind, randomized controlled study was performed comparing retrobulbar block with intravenously administered fentanyl in 28 children aged 1 to 6 years undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. After general anesthesia was induced, retrobulbar block with 0.5% ropivacaine was accomplished in group RB (general anesthesia plus retrobulbar block) (n = 13), and normal saline was injected into retrobulbar space in group F (general anesthesia alone) (n = 15). Fentanyl 0.5 μg/kg was administered when signs of inadequate anesthesia were observed. RESULTS Respiratory depression (defined as a persistent respiratory rate <10 breaths/min or persistent oxygen desaturation <92%) was observed in 5 of 15 patients in group F after laryngeal mask airway was removed in the operating room, compared with none in group RB. All children in group F consumed intraoperative fentanyl rescue (average intraoperative fentanyl consumption, 1.3 ± 0.3 μg/kg) compared with none in group RB. Pain scores assessed with Faces, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability were significantly lower in group RB than in group F (1 [0, 3.5] vs 5 [3, 7], P = 0.003) immediately after laryngeal mask airway removal. Heart rate in group RB was significantly lower than that in group F before anesthesia induction, at the beginning and end of surgery, respectively. Mean blood pressure in group RB was significantly lower than that in group F at the beginning of surgery. Postoperative tumor necrosis factor α concentration in group RB was significantly lower than that in group F. CONCLUSIONS Retrobulbar block is safe and effective as an alternative to systemic fentanyl and could provide better pain management, hemodynamic suppression, and stress response suppression in pediatric vitreoretinal surgery.
Collapse
|
15
|
SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTIONS OF CONBERCEPT VERSUS RANIBIZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY. Retina 2018; 38:1595-1604. [PMID: 28699927 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) is the latest applied treatment that could be used in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) patients. The structural outcomes and recurrence of ROP among patients treated with IVC or intravitreal injection of ranibizumab (IVR) were compared. METHODS A consecutive case series of ROP treated with IVC or IVR were retrospectively studied. The primary outcome was treatment success defined as regression of plus disease. The secondary outcomes were recurrence of plus, times of injection, and the final regression of disease. RESULTS A total of 48 eyes (24 patients) with ROP were included. Twenty eyes (10 patients) received IVC, and 28 eyes (14 patients) received IVR. For the IVC group, 18 eyes had Zone II 3+ ROP and 2 eyes had aggressive posterior ROP. Among the 28 eyes treated with IVR, 6 eyes had Zone I 2/3+ ROP, 6 eyes had aggressive posterior ROP, and 16 eyes had Zone II 3+ ROP. For the IVC group, the mean gestational age, birth weight, postmenstrual age at initial treatment, and follow-up period for the infants were 29.49 ± 1.37 weeks, 1,369.0 ± 161.9 g, 38.47 ± 2.72 weeks, and 52.6 ± 21.4 weeks, respectively. And for the infants who received IVR, these were 28.35 ± 1.62 weeks, 1,171.4 ± 279.9 g, 38.53 ± 3.54 weeks, and 42.9 ± 9.8 weeks, respectively. For the IVC group, 17 (85%) of 20 eyes received the injection only once, and the regression of plus disease occurred 4.3 ± 2.08 weeks later. Three eyes (15%) did not healed with one injection received a second IVC, and the regression of plus disease occurred within 3 weeks. For the IVR group, 15/28 (53.6%) eyes received a second IVR. Among them, 10 recurrent eyes and 5 eyes did not recover with one injection. No retinal detachment was observed in both group infants. CONCLUSION Both conbercept and ranibizumab are effective choice for the treatment of ROP. Conbercept is a novel effective treatment strategy for ROP providing a new treatment option for ophthalmologists.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bai Y, Nie H, Wei S, Lu X, Ke X, Ouyang X, Feng S. Efficacy of intravitreal conbercept injection in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:494-498. [PMID: 30030391 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) injection in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS Patients with ROP who underwent IVC injection in Zhujiang Hospital from June 2015 to July 2016 were studied retrospectively. The primary outcome was defined as the regression of plus disease. The secondary outcomes were defined as the presence of recurrence, number of injections and the final regression of disease. RESULTS A total of 48 eyes of 24 patients with ROP were included. Among them, 9 eyes of 5 patients had zone I ROP, 35 eyes of 18 patients had zone II ROP and 4 eyes of 2 patients had aggressive posterior ROP. The mean gestational age was 28.5±1.6 weeks, the mean birth weight was 1209.6±228.6 g, the mean postmenstrual age of first injection was 34.2±1.9 weeks and the mean follow-up period was 31.0±4.7 weeks. Forty of 48 eyes (83.3%) received IVC only once, and the regression of plus disease occurred at an average of 3.5±1.5 weeks after the first injection of conbercept. For eight recurrent eyes (16.7%), four eyes received a second IVC and the remaining four eyes received laser photocoagulation, and the regression of plus disease occurred in 3 weeks. No lens opacity, vitreous haemorrhage, entophthalmia or retinal detachment was observed during follow-up. CONCLUSION IVC injection is an effective treatment for ROP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanjie Nie
- Department of Gynecology, Liwan Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohe Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Ouyang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songfu Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chan-Ling T, Gole GA, Quinn GE, Adamson SJ, Darlow BA. Pathophysiology, screening and treatment of ROP: A multi-disciplinary perspective. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 62:77-119. [PMID: 28958885 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The population of infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) varies by world region; in countries with well developed neonatal intensive care services, the highest risk infants are those born at less than 28 weeks gestational age (GA) and less than 1 kg at birth, while, in regions where many aspects of neonatal intensive and ophthalmological care are not routinely available, more mature infants up to 2000 g at birth and 37 weeks GA are also at risk for severe ROP. Treatment options for both groups of patients include standard retinal laser photocoagulation or, more recently, intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs. In addition to detection and treatment of ROP, this review highlights new opportunities created by telemedicine, where screening and diagnosis of ROP in remote locations can be undertaken by non-ophthalmologists using digital fundus cameras. The ophthalmological care of the ROP infant is undertaken in the wider context of neonatal care and general wellbeing of the infant. Because of this context, this review takes a multi-disciplinary perspective with contributions from retinal vascular biologists, pediatric ophthalmologists, an epidemiologist and a neonatologist. This review highlights the latest insights regarding cellular and molecular mechanisms in the formation of the retinal vasculature in the human infant, pathogenesis of ROP, detection and treatment of severe ROP, the risks and benefits of anti-VEGF therapy, the identification of new therapies over the horizon, and the optimal neonatal care regimen for best ROP outcomes, and the benefits and pitfalls of telemedicine in the remote screening and diagnosis of ROP, all of which have the potential to improve ROP outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tailoi Chan-Ling
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Glen A Gole
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Queensland, Qld Children's Hospital, Sth Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia.
| | - Graham E Quinn
- Division of Ophthalmology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Samuel J Adamson
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Brian A Darlow
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mora JS, Waite C, Gilbert CE, Breidenstein B, Sloper JJ. A worldwide survey of retinopathy of prematurity screening. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 102:9-13. [PMID: 28855196 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To ascertain which countries in the world have retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening programmes and guidelines and how these were developed. METHODS An email database was created and requests were sent to ophthalmologists in 141 nations to complete an online survey on ROP screening in their country. RESULTS Representatives from 92/141 (65%) countries responded. 78/92 (85%) have existing ROP screening programmes, and 68/78 (88%) have defined screening criteria. Some countries have limited screening and those areas which have no screening or for which there is inadequate knowledge are mainly Southeast Asia, Africa and some former Soviet states. DISCUSSION With the increasing survival of premature babies in lower-middle-income and low-income countries, it is important to ensure that adequate ROP screening and treatment is in place. This information will help organisations focus their resources on those areas most in need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Mora
- International Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Council, San Francisco, USA.,Auckland Eye, Remuera, Auckland, New Zealand.,Ophthalmology Department, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher Waite
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Clare E Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Research, International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Brenda Breidenstein
- Ophthalmology Department, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand.,Kelburn Eye Centre, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - John J Sloper
- International Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Council, San Francisco, USA.,Strabismus and Paediatric Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Characteristics of Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Infants with Birth Weight above 1500 Grams at a Referral Center in Turkey. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161692. [PMID: 27548628 PMCID: PMC4993354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm infants with birth weight (BW) above 1500 g in Turkey. METHODS A retrospective review of 5920 ROP records was performed in Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital. The records were obtained from ROP treatment center of the same institute between 2011 and 2016. The data comprised the demographic and clinical characteristics including, gestational age, BW, systemic risk factors, zone and stage of ROP, ROP type, treatment modality, treatment outcomes and inborn/outborn status of the babies. RESULTS A total of 36 infants (71 eyes) with severe ROP and BW> 1500 g were retrieved. There were 30 infants (83.3%) with type 1 ROP and 6 infants (16.7%) with aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). 3 infants (8.3%) were born at our hospital whereas 33 (91.7%) were referred from outer private neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) centers. Zone I APROP was detected during the initial screening. 21 infants (58.3%) underwent laser treatment while 15 (41.7%) received intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections. No unfavorable structural outcome was observed following either treatment modality. CONCLUSION Severe ROP may occur in heavier preterm infants. Laser treatment and IVB injections were useful in selected cases. Presence of APROP at first examination suggests an earlier screening in heavier babies. Standardization of private NICU centers as well as establishing a national ROP protocol is necessary in Turkey.
Collapse
|
20
|
Roohipoor R, Karkhaneh R, Farahani A, Ebrahimiadib N, Modjtahedi B, Fotouhi A, Yaseri M, Khodabande A, Zarei M, Imani Fuladi M, Taheri A, Riazi Esfahani M, Loewenstein J. Retinopathy of prematurity screening criteria in Iran: new screening guidelines. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2016; 101:F288-93. [PMID: 27073259 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the applicability of existing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) guidelines on Iranian patients and to develop novel ROP screening criteria in Iran. METHODS Both eyes of 1932 infants born ≤37 weeks of gestation and/or weighting ≤3000 g were included in this prospective cohort study that was conducted across nine neonatal intensive care units and a tertiary eye hospital ROP clinic. The patients were examined for ROP and the need for treatment (type 1 ROP or worse). All the patients were screened 4 weeks after birth or at 31 weeks of postmenstrual age, whichever was later. The patients were followed until retinal vascularisation was completed or the patients reached 50 weeks of gestational age (GA) without prethreshold ROP. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the best screening criteria for ROP. Screening criteria from other countries were applied to our patient data to determine their ability to appropriately detect ROP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Patients with ROP requiring treatment. RESULTS The mean GA±SD and birth weight (BW)±SD of the screened patients were 32±2.7 weeks and 1713±516 g, respectively. Using criteria of GA≤32 weeks or BW ≤2000 yielded sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 26.7%, respectively, for treatment requiring ROP regardless of clinical comorbidities. Using screening recommendations of American Academy of Pediatrics would miss 25.4% of ROP and 8.4%ROP requiring treatment in our cohort. CONCLUSIONS Other countries screening recommendations would result in a significant amount of missed cases of treatment requiring ROP when applied to Iran. As a result, we have proposed new guidelines for premature babies in Iran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramak Roohipoor
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Karkhaneh
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsar Farahani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Ebrahimiadib
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bobeck Modjtahedi
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khodabande
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarei
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Imani Fuladi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Taheri
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Riazi Esfahani
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Retina Service, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Loewenstein
- Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shan H, Ni Y, Xue K, Yu J, Huang X. Type 1 Retinopathy of Prematurity and Its Laser Treatment of Large Preterm Infants in East China. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144313. [PMID: 26674190 PMCID: PMC4686027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its laser treatment outcomes in premature infants with birth weight > 1250 g in Eastern China. Methods A retrospective review of 3175 ROP records was conducted at Shanghai Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. The records were collected at the ROP clinic from 2006 to 2014, including their demographic and medical information such as gestational age, birth weight, supplemental oxygen therapy, systemic complications, ROP stage, location, presence of plus disease. All infants were examined by RetCam fundus camera. Those with Type 1 ROP were also examined by indirect ophthalmoscope before undergoing transpupillary laser treatment. Results A total of 12 infants (24 eyes) with Type 1 ROP and birth weight > 1250 g were enrolled. All infants enrolled had plus disease and ROP in zone II retina. Specifically, 16 eyes (67%) had stage 2 ROP. 8 eyes (33%) had stage 3 ROP. ROP regressed in 23 eyes (96%) following laser treatment. Partial retinal detachment developed in one eye (4%). No severe involution sequelaes or laser-related complications were recorded. Mean follow-up was 30±6 weeks. Conclusion Type 1 ROP may occur in large premature infants who have undergone supplemental oxygen therapy. This Type 1 ROP is mainly located in zone II retina. Laser treatment is a safe and effective intervention for these infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kashgar Prefecture Second People’s Hospital, Xinjiang 844000, China
| | - Yinqing Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kang Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|