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Song Y, Liu X, Zhao K, Ma R, Wu W, Zhang Y, Duan L, Li X, Xu H, Cheng M, Qin B, Qi Z. A new endophytic Penicillium oxalicum with aphicidal activity and its infection mechanism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38958097 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphid infestation adversely affects the yield and quality of crops. Rapid reproduction and insecticidal resistance have made controlling aphids in the field challenging. Therefore, the present study investigated the insecticidal property of Penicillium oxalicum (QLhf-1) and its mechanism of action against aphids, Hyalopterus arundimis Fabricius. RESULTS Bioassay revealed that the control efficacy of the spores against aphids (86.30% and 89.05% on the third day and fifth day after infection, respectively) were higher than other components, such as the mycelium. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that QLhf-1 invaded the aphid cuticle through spores and used the aphid tissues as a nutrient source for growth and reproduction, causing stiffness and atrophy and a final death. Three extracellular enzymes, lipase, protease, and chitinase had a synergistic effect with spores, and they acted together to complete the infection process by degrading the aphid body wall and accelerating the infection process. CONCLUSION The newly discovered endophytic penicillin strain P. oxalicum 'QLhf-1' can effectively kill aphids. The results provided strong evidence for the biological control of aphids, and lay a foundation for the development and utilization of QLhf-1. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kangbo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruyi Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Longfei Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinnuo Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Min Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Baofu Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhijun Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Key Laboratory for Botanical Pesticide R&D of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
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Li Z, Tong H, Ni M, Zheng Y, Yang X, Tan Y, Li Z, Jiang M. An at-leg pellet and associated Penicillium sp. provide multiple protections to mealybugs. Commun Biol 2024; 7:580. [PMID: 38755282 PMCID: PMC11099121 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Beneficial fungi are well known for their contribution to insects' adaptation to diverse habitats. However, where insect-associated fungi reside and the underlying mechanisms of insect-fungi interaction are not well understood. Here, we show a pellet-like structure on the legs of mealybugs, a group of economically important insect pests. This at-leg pellet, formed by mealybugs feeding on tomato but not by those on cotton, potato, or eggplant, originates jointly from host secretions and mealybug waxy filaments. A fungal strain, Penicillium citrinum, is present in the pellets and it colonizes honeydew. P. citrinum can inhibit mealybug fungal pathogens and is highly competitive in honeydew. Compounds within the pellets also have inhibitory activity against mealybug pathogens. Further bioassays suggest that at-leg pellets can improve the survival rate of Phenacoccus solenopsis under pathogen pressure, increase their sucking frequency, and decrease the defense response of host plants. Our study presents evidences on how a fungi-associated at-leg pellet provides multiple protections for mealybugs through suppressing pathogens and host defense, providing new insights into complex insect × fungi × plant interactions and their coevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Li
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Tong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meihong Ni
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Tan
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Jiang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Song Y, Liu X, Feng S, Zhao K, Qi Z, Wu W, Xiao J, Xu H, Ran M, Qin B. Discovery, Identification, and Insecticidal Activity of an Aspergillus flavus Strain Isolated from a Saline-Alkali Soil Sample. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2788. [PMID: 38004799 PMCID: PMC10673062 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aphids are one of the most destructive pests in agricultural production. In addition, aphids are able to easily develop resistance to chemical insecticides due to their rapid reproduction and short generation periods. To explore an effective and environmentally friendly aphid control strategy, we isolated and examined a fungus with aphid-parasitizing activity. The strain (YJNfs21.11) was identified as Aspergillus flavus by ITS, 28S, and BenA gene sequence analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the infection hyphae of 'YJNfs21.11' colonized and penetrated the aphid epidermal layer and subsequently colonized the body cavity. Field experiments showed that 'YJNfs21.11' and its fermentation products exerted considerable control on aphids, with a corrected efficacy of 96.87%. The lipase, protease, and chitinase secreted by fungi help aphid cuticle degradation, thus assisting spores in completing the infection process. Additionally, changes were observed in the mobility and physical signs of aphids, with death occurring within 60 h of infection. Our results demonstrate that A. flavus 'YJNfs21.11' exhibits considerable control on Aphis gossypii Glover and Hyalopterus arundimis Fabricius, making it a suitable biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Song
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Shirong Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Kangbo Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Zhijun Qi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.Q.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenjun Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.Q.); (W.W.)
- Institute of Pesticides, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Mingwei Ran
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
| | - Baofu Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Y.S.); (X.L.); (S.F.); (K.Z.); (J.X.); (H.X.); (M.R.)
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Liu S, Li J, Feng Q, Chu L, Tan Z, Ji X, Jin P. Insecticidal Effect of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1 in Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae). INSECTS 2023; 14:860. [PMID: 37999059 PMCID: PMC10672225 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important pest affecting various crops worldwide. However, only few studies have been conducted on the infection of A. craccivora by Lecanicillium and related insecticidal mechanisms. We investigated the infection process of A. craccivora by Lecanicillium araneicola HK-1 using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and our results indicated that the conidia of strain HK-1 easily attached to the feet and dorsum of A. craccivora. The activities of chitinase and extracellular protease were induced in the aphid after treatment with HK-1. A bioassay on A. craccivora showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) of the fungus crude extract was 24.00 mg mL-1 for 24 h of treatment. Additionally, the results showed that the crude extract disrupted the enzyme system of A. craccivora, inducing the inhibition of carboxylesterase (CarE) and the induction of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Combining these results with those of a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, it is suggested that p-cymene, hymecromone, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) methyl ester, and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) may be connected to the insecticidal effects we observed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of L. araneicola HK-1 as a potential biological control agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Linglong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiqiong Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xuncong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control of Hainan Province, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Pengfei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education and School of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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Nishi O, Sushida H, Higashi Y, Iida Y. Entomopathogenic fungus Akanthomyces muscarius (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain IMI 268317 colonises on tomato leaf surface through conidial adhesion and general and microcycle conidiation. Mycology 2022; 13:133-142. [PMID: 35711329 PMCID: PMC9196654 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2021.1944929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oumi Nishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sushida
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
| | - Yumiko Higashi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Iida
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Mie, Japan
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Szklarzewicz T, Michalik K, Grzywacz B, Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk M, Michalik A. Fungal Associates of Soft Scale Insects (Coccomorpha: Coccidae). Cells 2021; 10:1922. [PMID: 34440691 PMCID: PMC8394295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps fungi are commonly known as virulent, specialized entomopathogens; however, recent studies indicate that fungi belonging to the Ophiocordycypitaceae family may also reside in symbiotic interaction with their host insect. In this paper, we demonstrate that Ophiocordyceps fungi may be obligatory symbionts of sap-sucking hemipterans. We investigated the symbiotic systems of eight Polish species of scale insects of Coccidae family: Parthenolecanium corni, Parthenolecanium fletcheri, Parthenolecanium pomeranicum, Psilococcus ruber, Sphaerolecanium prunasti, Eriopeltis festucae, Lecanopsis formicarum and Eulecanium tiliae. Our histological, ultrastructural and molecular analyses showed that all these species host fungal symbionts in the fat body cells. Analyses of ITS2 and Beta-tubulin gene sequences, as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization, confirmed that they should all be classified to the genus Ophiocordyceps. The essential role of the fungal symbionts observed in the biology of the soft scale insects examined was confirmed by their transovarial transmission between generations. In this paper, the consecutive stages of fungal symbiont transmission were analyzed under TEM for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Szklarzewicz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (T.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Michalik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (T.S.); (K.M.)
| | - Beata Grzywacz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Anna Michalik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; (T.S.); (K.M.)
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Identification of Immunity-Related Genes in Dialeurodes citri against Entomopathogenic Fungus Lecanicillium attenuatum by RNA-Seq Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162659. [PMID: 27644092 PMCID: PMC5028029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dialeurodes citri is a major pest in citrus producing areas, and large-scale outbreaks have occurred increasingly often in recent years. Lecanicillium attenuatum is an important entomopathogenic fungus that can parasitize and kill D. citri. We separated the fungus from corpses of D. citri larvae. However, the sound immune defense system of pests makes infection by an entomopathogenic fungus difficult. Here we used RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) to build a transcriptome database for D. citri and performed digital gene expression profiling to screen genes that act in the immune defense of D. citri larvae infected with a pathogenic fungus. De novo assembly generated 84,733 unigenes with mean length of 772 nt. All unigenes were searched against GO, Nr, Swiss-Prot, COG, and KEGG databases and a total of 28,190 (33.3%) unigenes were annotated. We identified 129 immunity-related unigenes in transcriptome database that were related to pattern recognition receptors, information transduction factors and response factors. From the digital gene expression profile, we identified 441 unigenes that were differentially expressed in D. citri infected with L. attenuatum. Through calculated Log2Ratio values, we identified genes for which fold changes in expression were obvious, including cuticle protein, vitellogenin, cathepsin, prophenoloxidase, clip-domain serine protease, lysozyme, and others. Subsequent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the results. The identified genes may serve as target genes for microbial control of D. citri.
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Card S, Johnson L, Teasdale S, Caradus J. Deciphering endophyte behaviour: the link between endophyte biology and efficacious biological control agents. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw114. [PMID: 27222223 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes associate with the majority of plant species found in natural and managed ecosystems. They are regarded as extremely important plant partners that provide improved stress tolerance to the host compared with plants that lack this symbiosis. Fossil records of endophytes date back more than 400 million years, implicating these microorganisms in host plant adaptation to habitat transitions. However, it is only recently that endophytes, and their bioactive products, have received meaningful attention from the scientific community. The benefits some endophytes can confer on their hosts include plant growth promotion and survival through the inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms and invertebrate pests, the removal of soil contaminants, improved tolerance of low fertility soils, and increased tolerance of extreme temperatures and low water availability. Endophytes are extremely diverse and can exhibit many different biological behaviours. Not all endophyte technologies have been successfully commercialised. Of interest in the development of the next generation of plant protection products is how much of this is due to the biology of the particular endophytic microorganism. In this review, we highlight selected case studies of endophytes and discuss their lifestyles and behavioural traits, and discuss how these factors contribute towards their effectiveness as biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Card
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Linda Johnson
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Suliana Teasdale
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - John Caradus
- Grasslanz Technology Limited, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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