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Perfluoroctanoic acid (PFOA) enhances NOTCH-signaling in an angiogenesis model of placental trophoblast cells. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 229:113566. [PMID: 32485599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) was found to be associated with several pathological endpoints, including high cholesterol levels, specific defective functions of the immune system and reduced birth weight. While environmental PFAS have been recognized as threats for public health, surprisingly little is known about the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. We hypothesized that some of the observed vascular and developmental effects of environmental PFAS may share a common molecular pathway. At elevated levels of exposure to PFAS, a reduction in mean birth weight of newborns has been observed in combination with a high incidence rate of preeclampsia. As both, preeclampsia and reduced birth weight are consequences of an inadequate placental vascularization, we hypothesized that the adaptation of placental vasculature may get compromised by PFAS. We analyzed pseudo-vascular network formation and protein expression in the HTR8/SVneo cell line, an embryonic trophoblast cell type that is able to form vessel-like vascular networks in 3D-matrices, similar to endothelial cells. PFOA (perfluoroctanoic acid), but not PFOS (perfuoroctanesulfonic acid), induced morphological changes in the vascular 3D-network structure, without indications of compromised cellular viability. Incubation with PFOA reduced cellular sprouting and elongated isolated stalks in pseudo-vascular networks, while a γ-secretase inhibitor BMS-906024 induced directional opposite effects. We found a PFOA-induced increase in NOTCH intracellular domain (NICD) abundance in HTR8/SVneo, indicating that PFOA enhances NOTCH-signaling in this cell type. Enhancement of NOTCH-pathway by PFOA may be a key to understand the mode of action of PFAS, as this pathway is critically involved in many confirmed physiological/toxicological symptoms associated with PFAS exposure.
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Gerbin KA, Mitzelfelt KA, Guan X, Martinson AM, Murry CE. Delta-1 Functionalized Hydrogel Promotes hESC-Cardiomyocyte Graft Proliferation and Maintains Heart Function Post-Injury. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 17:986-998. [PMID: 32426414 PMCID: PMC7225377 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current cell transplantation techniques are hindered by small graft size, requiring high cell doses to achieve therapeutic cardiac remuscularization. Enhancing the proliferation of transplanted human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) could address this, allowing an otherwise subtherapeutic cell dose to prevent disease progression after myocardial infarction. In this study, we designed a hydrogel that activates Notch signaling through 3D presentation of the Notch ligand Delta-1 to use as an injectate for transplanting hESC-CMs into the infarcted rat myocardium. After 4 weeks, hESC-CM proliferation increased 2-fold and resulted in a 3-fold increase in graft size with the Delta-1 hydrogel compared to controls. To stringently test the effect of Notch-mediated graft expansion on long-term heart function, a normally subtherapeutic dose of hESC-CMs was implanted into the infarcted myocardium and cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. Transplantation of the Delta-1 hydrogel + hESC-CMs augmented heart function and was significantly higher at 3 months compared to controls. Graft size and hESC-CM proliferation were also increased at 3 months post-implantation. Collectively, these results demonstrate the therapeutic approach of a Delta-1 functionalized hydrogel to reduce the cell dose required to achieve functional benefit after myocardial infarction by enhancing hESC-CM graft size and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaytlyn A Gerbin
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katie A Mitzelfelt
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xuan Guan
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy M Martinson
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Charles E Murry
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Lin T, Yu CC, Hsieh PL, Liao YW, Yu CH, Chen CJ. Down-regulation of miR-200b-targeting Slug axis by cyclosporine A in human gingival fibroblasts. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:1072-1077. [PMID: 30449457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Cyclosporine A (CsA) has been used as an immunosuppressive agent with a side effect of gingival overgrowth. It has been known that CsA-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in gingiva, but the molecular mechanism has not been fully unveiled. The purpose of the study is to investigate functional roles of microRNAs in gingival overgrowth. METHODS The effect of CsA on the expression of microRNA-200b (miR-200b) in normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) was determined using qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot were utilized to examine the relationship between miR-200b and EMT inducer Slug. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS CsA was found to downregulate the miR-200b transcript in HGFs in a dose-dependent manner. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that Slug was a direct target of miR-200b, and the CsA-induced cell proliferation and Slug upregulation were inhibited by overexpression of miR-200b. Additionally, the silence of Slug reversed the increased proliferation of HGFs by miR-200b inhibitor. CONCLUSION Repression of miR-200b after CsA administration led to an increase in Slug expression. Our results suggested that miR-200b was an upstream effector of the CsA-induced EMT and may act as a therapeutic target for CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichen Lin
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Liao
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Hang Yu
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Division of Periodontics, Department of Dentistry, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Chung YR, Cho EH, Jang S, Lee SY, Lee ES, Lee K. Choroidal Thickness Indicates Subclinical Ocular and Systemic Inflammation in Eyes with Behçet Disease without Active Inflammation. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2018; 32:290-295. [PMID: 30091307 PMCID: PMC6085188 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2017.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether subfoveal choroidal thickness, measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), is an indicator of subclinical ocular or systemic inflammation in eyes with Behçet disease (BD) without active ocular inflammation. Methods A retrospective analysis was used to examine clinical features of non-uveitic patients with BD (NUBD group), patients with a previous history of Behçet uveitis in an inactive state (IUBD group), and healthy controls were evaluated from October 2014 to September 2015. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured using EDI-OCT. Results The NUBD group included 46 eyes in 24 patients; the IUBD group included 16 eyes in 11 patients; and the control group included 35 eyes in 23 individuals. The mean subfoveal choroidal thicknesses differed significantly among these groups. Choroidal thickness was significantly greater in the NUBD (310.5 ± 81.0 µm) than in the IUBD (263.1 ± 56.6 µm, p = 0.013) and control (256.9 ± 67.9 µm, p = 0.002) groups. The disease activity score was significantly higher in the NUBD than in the IUBD group (p < 0.001), while the use of cyclosporine was significantly associated with choroidal thickness in eyes with NUBD (p = 0.039). Conclusions Subfoveal choroidal thickness, as measured by EDI-OCT, may be a clinical indicator of subclinical ocular inflammation and systemic inflammation in BD patients without active ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Ri Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Seran Jang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pocheon Hospital, Gyeonggi Provincial Medical Center, Pocheon, Korea
| | - Seung Yeop Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun So Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kihwang Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Park I, Londhe AM, Lim JW, Park BG, Jung SY, Lee JY, Lim SM, No KT, Lee J, Pae AN. Discovery of non-peptidic small molecule inhibitors of cyclophilin D as neuroprotective agents in Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2017; 31:929-941. [PMID: 28913661 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-017-0067-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondria-specific cyclophilin that is known to play a pivotal role in the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP).The formation and opening of the mPTP disrupt mitochondrial homeostasis, cause mitochondrial dysfunction and eventually lead to cell death. Several recent studies have found that CypD promotes the formation of the mPTP upon binding to β amyloid (Aβ) peptides inside brain mitochondria, suggesting that neuronal CypD has a potential to be a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we generated an energy-based pharmacophore model by using the crystal structure of CypD-cyclosporine A (CsA) complex and performed virtual screening of ChemDiv database, which yielded forty-five potential hit compounds with novel scaffolds. We further tested those compounds using mitochondrial functional assays in neuronal cells and identified fifteen compounds with excellent protective effects against Aβ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. To validate whether these effects derived from binding to CypD, we performed surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based direct binding assays with selected compounds and discovered compound 29 was found to have the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) value of 88.2 nM. This binding affinity value and biological activity correspond well with our predicted binding mode. We believe that this study offers new insights into the rational design of small molecule CypD inhibitors, and provides a promising lead for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insun Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwini M Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Woong Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, KyungHee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Beoung-Geon Park
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14- gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Yun Jung
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, KyungHee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14- gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Tai No
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Global Medical Science, Sungshin University, Seoul, 02844, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Converging Science and Technology, KyungHee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Jie Z, Baoqin W, Changan L, Xiangli T, Zegeng L. Qibai Pingfei capsule medicated serum inhibits the proliferation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells via the Ca 2+ /calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells 3 pathway. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Robinson BL, Dumas M, Ali SF, Paule MG, Gu Q, Kanungo J. Cyclosporine exacerbates ketamine toxicity in zebrafish: Mechanistic studies on drug-drug interaction. J Appl Toxicol 2017; 37:1438-1447. [PMID: 28569378 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug commonly used in organ transplant patients to prevent allograft rejections. Ketamine is a pediatric anesthetic that noncompetitively inhibits the calcium-permeable N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptors. Adverse drug-drug interaction effects between ketamine and CsA have been reported in mammals and humans. However, the mechanism of such drug-drug interaction is unclear. We have previously reported adverse effects of combination drugs, such as verapamil/ketamine and shown the mechanism through intervention by other drugs in zebrafish embryos. Here, we show that ketamine and CsA in combination produce developmental toxicity even leading to lethality in zebrafish larvae when exposure began at 24 h post-fertilization (hpf), whereas CsA did not cause any toxicity on its own. We also demonstrate that acetyl l-carnitine (ALCAR) completely reversed the adverse effects. Both ketamine and CsA are CYP3A4 substrates. Although ketamine and CsA independently altered the expression of the hepatic marker CYP3A65, a zebrafish ortholog of human CYP3A4, both drugs together induced further increase in CYP3A65 expression. In the presence of ALCAR, however, CYP3A65 expression was normalized. ALCAR has been shown to prevent ketamine toxicity in mammal and zebrafish. In conclusion, CsA exacerbated ketamine toxicity and ALCAR reversed the effects. These results, providing evidence for the first time on the reversal of the adverse effects of CsA/ketamine interaction by ALCAR, would prove useful in addressing potential occurrences of such toxicities in humans. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie L Robinson
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Melanie Dumas
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Syed F Ali
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Merle G Paule
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Qiang Gu
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Jyotshna Kanungo
- Division of Neurotoxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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Fraietta I, Gasparri F. The development of high-content screening (HCS) technology and its importance to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:501-14. [PMID: 26971542 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1165203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-content screening (HCS) was introduced about twenty years ago as a promising analytical approach to facilitate some critical aspects of drug discovery. Its application has spread progressively within the pharmaceutical industry and academia to the point that it today represents a fundamental tool in supporting drug discovery and development. AREAS COVERED Here, the authors review some of significant progress in the HCS field in terms of biological models and assay readouts. They highlight the importance of high-content screening in drug discovery, as testified by its numerous applications in a variety of therapeutic areas: oncology, infective diseases, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They also dissect the role of HCS technology in different phases of the drug discovery pipeline: target identification, primary compound screening, secondary assays, mechanism of action studies and in vitro toxicology. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in cellular assay technologies, such as the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) cultures, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9), have tremendously expanded the potential of high-content assays to contribute to the drug discovery process. Increasingly predictive cellular models and readouts, together with the development of more sophisticated and affordable HCS readers, will further consolidate the role of HCS technology in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fraietta
- a Department of Biology , Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l ., Nerviano , Milano , Italy
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- a Department of Biology , Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l ., Nerviano , Milano , Italy
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