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Rahimi S, Salami P, Matulewicz P, Schmuck A, Bukovac A, Ramos-Prats A, Tasan RO, Drexel M. The role of subicular VIP-expressing interneurons on seizure dynamics in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114580. [PMID: 37884187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The subiculum, a key output region of the hippocampus, is increasingly recognized as playing a crucial role in seizure initiation and spread. The subiculum consists of glutamatergic pyramidal cells, which show alterations in intrinsic excitability in the course of epilepsy, and multiple types of GABAergic interneurons, which exhibit varying characteristics in epilepsy. In this study, we aimed to assess the role of the vasoactive intestinal peptide interneurons (VIP-INs) of the ventral subiculum in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. We observed that an anatomically restricted inhibition of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum was sufficient to reduce seizures in the intrahippocampal kainic acid model of epilepsy, changing the circadian rhythm of seizures, emphasizing the critical role of this small cell population in modulating TLE. As we expected, permanent unilateral or bilateral silencing of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum in non-epileptic animals did not induce seizures or epileptiform activity. Interestingly, transient activation of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum was enough to increase the frequency of seizures in the acute seizure model. Our results offer new perspectives on the crucial involvement of VIP-INs of the ventral subiculum in the pathophysiology of TLE. Given the observed predominant disinhibitory role of the VIP-INs input in subicular microcircuits, modifications of this input could be considered in the development of therapeutic strategies to improve seizure control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rahimi
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pariya Salami
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pawel Matulewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Armin Schmuck
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anneliese Bukovac
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arnau Ramos-Prats
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ramon Osman Tasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Meinrad Drexel
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Vega-García A, Orozco-Suárez S, Villa A, Rocha L, Feria-Romero I, Alonso Vanegas MA, Guevara-Guzmán R. Cortical expression of IL1-β, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and 9, SEMA-3a, NT-3 and P-glycoprotein as biological markers of intrinsic severity in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147303. [PMID: 33516813 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most common epilepsy induced by previous cerebral injury, and one out of three mTLE patients develops drug resistance (DR). AIM To assess the expression of Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, IL1-β, SEMA-3a, NT-3 and P-glycoprotein in the temporal cortex and their relationship with the progression of mTLE-DR clinical features in patients with mTLE-DR. METHOD Tissue samples from 17 patients were evaluated for protein expression by Western blot and the relationships of the evaluated proteins with the clinical features of the mTLE were assessed through hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS The mTLE-DR group showed significantly higher P-glycoprotein, Bcl-2 and Caspase-9 levels ***p < 0.0001, ****p < 0.0001 and ***p < 0.0002, respectively, than the autopsy control group. Four patient clusters were identified: Clusters 1 and 3 showed relationships among the age of mTLE onset, duration of mTLE-DR, average number of epileptic seizures per week, number of previous antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and increased expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Neurotrophin-3 and Semaphorin-3a. Clusters 2 and 4 showed relationships among the mTLE onset age, current age, average number of epileptic seizures per week, number of previous AEDs and increased expression of IL1-β, Bcl-2, P-glycoprotein, Caspase-3 and NT-3. CONCLUSION The relationships among the clinical data the age of mTLE onset, DR duration, number of previous AEDs, and average number of seizures per week and the expression of proteins involved in neuronal death, neuroinflammation and aberrant connection formation, as which are biological markers in the cerebral temporal cortex, are important factors in the progression and severity of mTLE-DR and support the intrinsic severity hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vega-García
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - S Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - A Villa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - L Rocha
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - I Feria-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, "Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, IMSS, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M A Alonso Vanegas
- Unidad de Neurocirugía, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suarez", Ciudad de México, Mexico; Centro Internacional de Cirugía de Epilepsia, HMG Hospital Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - R Guevara-Guzmán
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Tóth E, Bokodi V, Somogyvári Z, Maglóczky Z, Wittner L, Ulbert I, Erőss L, Fabó D. Laminar distribution of electrically evoked hippocampal short latency ripple activity highlights the importance of the subiculum in vivo in human epilepsy, an intraoperative study. Epilepsy Res 2020; 169:106509. [PMID: 33310654 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to define the pathology and anesthesia dependency of single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) dependent high-frequency oscillations (HFOs, ripples, fast ripples) in the hippocampal formation. METHODS Laminar profile of electrically evoked short latency (<100 ms) high-frequency oscillations (80-500 Hz) was examined in the hippocampus of therapy-resistant epileptic patients (6 female, 2 male) in vivo, under general anesthesia. RESULTS Parahippocampal SPES evoked HFOs in all recorded hippocampal subregions (Cornu Ammonis 2-3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum) were not uniform, rather the combination of ripples, fast ripples, sharp transients, and multiple unit activities. Mild and severe hippocampal sclerosis (HS) differed in the probability to evoke fast ripples: it decreased with the severity of sclerosis in CA2-3 but increased in the subiculum. Modulation in the ripple spectrum was observed only in the subiculum with increased fast HFO rate and frequency in severe HS. Inhalational anesthetics (isoflurane) suppressed the chance to evoke HFOs compared to propofol. CONCLUSION The presence of early HFOs in the dentate gyrus and early fast HFOs (>250 Hz) in the other subregions indicate the pathological nature of these evoked oscillations. Subiculum was found to be active producing HFOs in parallel with the cell loss in the hippocampus proper, which emphasize the role of this region in the generation of epileptic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emília Tóth
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, 1145, Hungary; Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA (present affiliation)
| | - Virág Bokodi
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, 1145, Hungary; Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Somogyvári
- Department of Computational Sciences, Wigner Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, 1121, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Maglóczky
- Department of Cellular and Network Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, 1083, Hungary; Human Brain Research Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Lucia Wittner
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, 1145, Hungary; Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest, 1083, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - István Ulbert
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, 1145, Hungary; Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest, 1083, Hungary; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Loránd Erőss
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Budapest, 1083, Hungary; Department of Functional Neurosurgery, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, 1145, Hungary
| | - Dániel Fabó
- Epilepsy Centrum, Dept of Neurology, National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, Budapest, 1145, Hungary.
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Cell-Type-Specific Changes in Intrinsic Excitability in the Subiculum following Learning and Exposure to Novel Environmental Contexts. eNeuro 2019; 5:eN-NWR-0484-18. [PMID: 30627661 PMCID: PMC6325565 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0484-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The subiculum is the main target of the hippocampal region CA1 and is the principle output region of the hippocampus. The subiculum is critical to learning and memory, although it has been relatively understudied. There are two functional types of principle neurons within the subiculum: regular spiking (RS) and burst spiking (BS) neurons. To determine whether these cell types are differentially modified by learning-related experience, we performed whole-cell patch clamp recordings from male mouse brain slices following contextual fear conditioning (FC) and memory retrieval relative to a number of control behavioral paradigms. RS cells, but not BS cells, displayed a greater degree of experience-related plasticity in intrinsic excitability measures [afterhyperpolarization (AHP), input resistance (Rinput), current required to elicit a spike], with fear conditioned animals having generally more excitable RS cells compared to naïve controls. Furthermore, we found that the relative proportion of RS to BS neurons is modified by the type of exposure, with the lowest proportion of BS subicular cells occurring in animals that underwent contextual FC followed by a retrieval test. These studies indicate that pyramidal neurons in the subiculum undergo experience- and learning-related plasticity in intrinsic properties in a cell-type-specific manner. As BS and RS cells are thought to convey distinct types of information, this plasticity may be particularly important in encoding, consolidating, and recalling spatial information by modulating information flow from the hippocampus to cortical regions.
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Kitaura H, Shirozu H, Masuda H, Fukuda M, Fujii Y, Kakita A. Pathophysiological Characteristics Associated With Epileptogenesis in Human Hippocampal Sclerosis. EBioMedicine 2018; 29:38-46. [PMID: 29478873 PMCID: PMC5925580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) is the most frequent focal epileptic syndrome in adults, and the majority of seizures originate primarily from the hippocampus. The resected hippocampal tissue often shows severe neuronal loss, a condition referred to as hippocampal sclerosis (HS). In order to understand hippocampal epileptogenesis in MTLE, it seems important to clarify any discrepancies between the clinical and pathological features of affected patients. Here we investigated epileptiform activities ex vivo using living hippocampal tissue taken from patients with MTLE. Flavoprotein fluorescence imaging and local field potential recordings revealed that epileptiform activities developed from the subiculum. Moreover, physiological and morphological experiments revealed possible impairment of K+ clearance in the subiculum affected by HS. Stimulation of mossy fibers induced recurrent trans-synaptic activity in the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus, suggesting that mossy fiber sprouting in HS also contributes to the epileptogenic mechanism. These results indicate that pathophysiological alterations involving the subiculum and dentate gyrus could be responsible for epileptogenesis in patients with MTLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kitaura
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shirozu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, 1 Masago, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2085, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Masuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, 1 Masago, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2085, Japan
| | - Masafumi Fukuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nishi-Niigata Chuo National Hospital, 1 Masago, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2085, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1 Asahimachi, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
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