1
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Caiaffa CD, Ambekar YS, Singh M, Lin YL, Wlodarczyk B, Aglyamov SR, Scarcelli G, Larin KV, Finnell RH. Disruption of Fuz in mouse embryos generates hypoplastic hindbrain development and reduced cranial nerve ganglia. Dev Dyn 2024. [PMID: 38501709 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain and spinal cord formation is initiated in the earliest stages of mammalian pregnancy in a highly organized process known as neurulation. Environmental or genetic interferences can impair neurulation, resulting in clinically significant birth defects known collectively as neural tube defects. The Fuz gene encodes a subunit of the CPLANE complex, a macromolecular planar polarity effector required for ciliogenesis. Ablation of Fuz in mouse embryos results in exencephaly and spina bifida, including dysmorphic craniofacial structures due to defective cilia formation and impaired Sonic Hedgehog signaling. RESULTS We demonstrate that knocking Fuz out during embryonic mouse development results in a hypoplastic hindbrain phenotype, displaying abnormal rhombomeres with reduced length and width. This phenotype is associated with persistent reduction of ventral neuroepithelial stiffness in a notochord adjacent area at the level of the rhombomere 5. The formation of cranial and paravertebral ganglia is also impaired in these embryos. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that hypoplastic hindbrain development, identified by abnormal rhombomere morphology and persistent loss of ventral neuroepithelial stiffness, precedes exencephaly in Fuz ablated murine mutants, indicating that the gene Fuz has a critical function sustaining normal neural tube development and neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Donato Caiaffa
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Yogeshwari S Ambekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Linda Lin
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bogdan Wlodarczyk
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Salavat R Aglyamov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Wang W, Li F, Wang J, Liu Z, Tian M, Wang Z, Li H, Qu J, Chen Y, Hou L. Disrupting Hedgehog signaling in melanocytes by SUFU knockout leads to ocular melanocytosis and anterior segment malformation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050210. [PMID: 37577930 PMCID: PMC10481947 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is well known for its crucial role during development, but its specific role in individual cell lineages is less well characterized. Here, we disrupted Hh signaling specifically in melanocytes by using Cre-mediated cell-type-specific knockout of the Hh regulator suppressor of fused (Sufu). Interestingly, corresponding mice were fully pigmented and showed no developmental alterations in melanocyte numbers or distribution in skin and hair follicles. However, there were ectopic melanoblasts visible in the anterior chamber of the eye that eventually displayed severe malformation. Choroidal melanocytes remained unaltered. Surprisingly, the abnormal accumulation of anterior uveal melanoblasts was not the result of increased cell proliferation but of increased migration to ectopic locations such as the cornea. In melanoblasts in vitro, Sufu knockdown replicated the increase in cell migration without affecting proliferation and was mediated by an increased level of phosphorylated-ERK brought about by a reduction in the levels of the repressor form of GLI3. These results highlight the developmental divergence of distinct melanocyte subpopulations and may shed light on the pathogenesis of human ocular melanocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhuo Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zuimeng Liu
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Meiyu Tian
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Zhenhang Wang
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huirong Li
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Laboratory of Developmental Cell Biology and Disease, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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3
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Spice DM, Dierolf J, Kelly GM. Suppressor of Fused Regulation of Hedgehog Signaling is Required for Proper Astrocyte Differentiation. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:741-755. [PMID: 36103394 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog signaling is essential for vertebrate development; however, less is known about the negative regulators that influence this pathway. Using the mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cell model, suppressor of fused (SUFU), a negative regulator of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, was investigated during retinoic acid (RA)-induced neural differentiation. We found Hh signaling increased activity in the early phase of differentiation, but was reduced during terminal differentiation of neurons and astrocytes. This early increase in pathway activity was required for neural differentiation; however, it alone was not sufficient to induce neural lineages. SUFU, which regulates signaling at the level of Gli, remained relatively unchanged during differentiation, but its loss through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing resulted in ectopic expression of Hh target genes. Interestingly, these SUFU-deficient cells were unable to differentiate toward neural lineages without RA, and when directed toward these lineages, they showed delayed and decreased astrocyte differentiation; neuron differentiation was unaffected. Ectopic activation of Hh target genes in SUFU-deficient cells remained throughout RA-induced differentiation and this was accompanied by the loss of Gli3, despite the presence of the Gli3 message. Thus, the study indicates the proper timing and proportion of astrocyte differentiation requires SUFU, likely acting through Gli3, to reduce Hh signaling during late-stage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Spice
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Dierolf
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory M Kelly
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Chen Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Ma J. Congenital medulloblastoma in two brothers with SUFU-mutated Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: Case reports and literature review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988798. [PMID: 36313636 PMCID: PMC9603755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCongenital medulloblastoma is very rare, and many cases involve germline mutations that can lead to inherited syndromes. Here, we first report two brothers with congenital medulloblastoma who were diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome caused by SUFU mutation.Clinical presentationMedulloblastoma was detected in two brothers at 2 and 3 months of age, with very similar imaging features. Genetic testing revealed that both children and their mother carried SUFU gene germline mutations, and both brothers were diagnosed with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.ConclusionGorlin-Goltz syndrome-associated congenital medulloblastoma with SUFU germline mutation is very rare. Pathological types mostly involve desmoplastic/nodular or extensive nodularity; chemotherapy is the main treatment, and studies revealing prognostic data are scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yang Zhao
- *Correspondence: Jie Ma, ; Yang Zhao,
| | - Jie Ma
- *Correspondence: Jie Ma, ; Yang Zhao,
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5
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Noguchi H, Castillo JG, Nakashima K, Pleasure SJ. Suppressor of fused controls perinatal expansion and quiescence of future dentate adult neural stem cells. eLife 2019; 8:42918. [PMID: 30973324 PMCID: PMC6459675 DOI: 10.7554/elife.42918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis requires the quiescent neural stem cell (NSC) pool to persist lifelong. However, establishment and maintenance of quiescent NSC pools during development is not understood. Here, we show that Suppressor of Fused (Sufu) controls establishment of the quiescent NSC pool during mouse dentate gyrus (DG) development by regulating Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling activity. Deletion of Sufu in NSCs early in DG development decreases Shh signaling activity leading to reduced proliferation of NSCs, resulting in a small quiescent NSC pool in adult mice. We found that putative adult NSCs proliferate and increase their numbers in the first postnatal week and subsequently enter a quiescent state towards the end of the first postnatal week. In the absence of Sufu, postnatal expansion of NSCs is compromised, and NSCs prematurely become quiescent. Thus, Sufu is required for Shh signaling activity ensuring expansion and proper transition of NSC pools to quiescent states during DG development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jesse Garcia Castillo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Samuel J Pleasure
- Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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6
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Falcone C, Wolf-Ochoa M, Amina S, Hong T, Vakilzadeh G, Hopkins WD, Hof PR, Sherwood CC, Manger PR, Noctor SC, Martínez-Cerdeño V. Cortical interlaminar astrocytes across the therian mammal radiation. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:1654-1674. [PMID: 30552685 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Interlaminar astrocytes (ILA) in the cerebral cortex possess a soma in layer I and extend an interlaminar process that runs perpendicular to the pia into deeper cortical layers. We examined cerebral cortex from 46 species that encompassed most orders of therian mammalians, including 22 primate species. We described two distinct cell types with interlaminar processes that have been referred to as ILA, that we termed pial ILA and supial ILA. ILA subtypes differ in somatic morphology, position in layer I, and presence across species. We further described rudimentary ILA that have short GFAP+ processes that do not exit layer I, and "typical" ILA with longer GFAP+ processes that exit layer I. Pial ILA were present in all mammalian species analyzed, with typical ILA observed in Primates, Scandentia, Chiroptera, Carnivora, Artiodactyla, Hyracoidea, and Proboscidea. Subpial ILA were absent in Marsupialia, and typical subpial ILA were only found in Primate. We focused on the properties of pial ILA by investigating the molecular properties of pial ILA and confirming their astrocytic nature. We found that while the density of pial ILA somata only varied slightly, the complexity of ILA processes varied greatly across species. Primates, specifically bonobo, chimpanzee, orangutan, and human, exhibited pial ILA with the highest complexity. We showed that interlaminar processes contact neurons, pia, and capillaries, suggesting a potential role for ILA in the blood-brain barrier and facilitating communication among cortical neurons, astrocytes, capillaries, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Falcone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Marisol Wolf-Ochoa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Sarwat Amina
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California.,UC Davis Medical Center, MIND Institute, Sacramento, California
| | - Tiffany Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Gelareh Vakilzadeh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - William D Hopkins
- Neuroscience Institute and Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Patrick R Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Chet C Sherwood
- Department of Anthropology and Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Paul R Manger
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- UC Davis Medical Center, MIND Institute, Sacramento, California.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, Sacramento, California.,UC Davis Medical Center, MIND Institute, Sacramento, California
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7
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De Mori R, Romani M, D'Arrigo S, Zaki MS, Lorefice E, Tardivo S, Biagini T, Stanley V, Musaev D, Fluss J, Micalizzi A, Nuovo S, Illi B, Chiapparini L, Di Marcotullio L, Issa MY, Anello D, Casella A, Ginevrino M, Leggins AS, Roosing S, Alfonsi R, Rosati J, Schot R, Mancini GMS, Bertini E, Dobyns WB, Mazza T, Gleeson JG, Valente EM. Hypomorphic Recessive Variants in SUFU Impair the Sonic Hedgehog Pathway and Cause Joubert Syndrome with Cranio-facial and Skeletal Defects. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:552-563. [PMID: 28965847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway is a key signaling pathway orchestrating embryonic development, mainly of the CNS and limbs. In vertebrates, SHH signaling is mediated by the primary cilium, and genetic defects affecting either SHH pathway members or ciliary proteins cause a spectrum of developmental disorders. SUFU is the main negative regulator of the SHH pathway and is essential during development. Indeed, Sufu knock-out is lethal in mice, and recessive pathogenic variants of this gene have never been reported in humans. Through whole-exome sequencing in subjects with Joubert syndrome, we identified four children from two unrelated families carrying homozygous missense variants in SUFU. The children presented congenital ataxia and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia with elongated superior cerebellar peduncles (mild "molar tooth sign"), typical cranio-facial dysmorphisms (hypertelorism, depressed nasal bridge, frontal bossing), and postaxial polydactyly. Two siblings also showed polymicrogyria. Molecular dynamics simulation predicted random movements of the mutated residues, with loss of the native enveloping movement of the binding site around its ligand GLI3. Functional studies on cellular models and fibroblasts showed that both variants significantly reduced SUFU stability and its capacity to bind GLI3 and promote its cleavage into the repressor form GLI3R. In turn, this impaired SUFU-mediated repression of the SHH pathway, as shown by altered expression levels of several target genes. We demonstrate that germline hypomorphic variants of SUFU cause deregulation of SHH signaling, resulting in recessive developmental defects of the CNS and limbs which share features with both SHH-related disorders and ciliopathies.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/genetics
- Bone Diseases, Developmental/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebellum/abnormalities
- Cerebellum/pathology
- Child
- Cohort Studies
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/genetics
- Craniofacial Abnormalities/pathology
- Eye Abnormalities/genetics
- Eye Abnormalities/pathology
- Female
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Genes, Recessive
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/genetics
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/pathology
- Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Male
- Mutation, Missense
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/chemistry
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Retina/abnormalities
- Retina/pathology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Signal Transduction
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin/pathology
- Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta De Mori
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Marta Romani
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, GENOMA Group, Rome 00138, Italy
| | - Stefano D'Arrigo
- Developmental Neurology Division, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Elisa Lorefice
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Silvia Tardivo
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) 71013, Italy
| | - Valentina Stanley
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Damir Musaev
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joel Fluss
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Geneva Children's Hospital, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina 98125, Italy
| | - Sara Nuovo
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno 84081, Italy
| | - Barbara Illi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Luisa Chiapparini
- Neuroradiology Department, Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute Carlo Besta, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Lucia Di Marcotullio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Y Issa
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12311, Egypt
| | - Danila Anello
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy
| | | | - Monia Ginevrino
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Autumn Sa'na Leggins
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Susanne Roosing
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Romina Alfonsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Istituto Pasteur Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Jessica Rosati
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Cellular Reprogramming, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) 71013, Italy
| | - Rachel Schot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | | | - Enrico Bertini
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Neuromuscular and NeuroDegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - William B Dobyns
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Laboratory of Bioinformatics, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG) 71013, Italy
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Laboratory for Pediatric Brain Diseases, Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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8
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Hoelzl MA, Heby-Henricson K, Gerling M, Dias JM, Kuiper RV, Trünkle C, Bergström Å, Ericson J, Toftgård R, Teglund S. Differential requirement of SUFU in tissue development discovered in a hypomorphic mouse model. Dev Biol 2017; 429:132-146. [PMID: 28688895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Suppressor of Fused (SUFU) is an essential negative regulator of the Hedgehog (HH) pathway and involved in GLI transcription factor regulation. Due to early embryonic lethality of Sufu-/- mice, investigations of SUFU's role later in development are limited to conditional, tissue-specific knockout models. In this study we developed a mouse model (SufuEx456(fl)/Ex456(fl)) with hypomorphic features where embryos were viable up to E18.5, although with a spectrum of developmental defects of varying severity, including polydactyly, exencephaly and omphalocele. Development of certain tissues, like the skeleton, was more affected than that of others such as skin, which remained largely normal. Interestingly, no apparent changes in the dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube at E9.0 could be seen. Thus, this model provides an opportunity to globally study SUFU's molecular function in organogenesis beyond E9.5. Molecularly, SufuEx456(fl)/Ex456(fl) embryos displayed aberrant mRNA splicing and drastically reduced levels of Sufu wild-type mRNA and SUFU protein in all tissues. As a consequence, at E9.5 the levels of all three different GLI proteins were reduced. Interestingly, despite the reduction of GLI3 protein levels, the critical ratio of the GLI3 full-length transcriptional activator versus GLI3 truncated repressor remained unchanged compared to wild-type embryos. This suggests that the limited amount of SUFU protein present is sufficient for GLI processing but not for stabilization. Our data demonstrate that tissue development is differentially affected in response to the reduced SUFU levels, providing novel insight regarding the requirements of different levels of SUFU for proper organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Hoelzl
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Karin Heby-Henricson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marco Gerling
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - José M Dias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raoul V Kuiper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 86 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Cornelius Trünkle
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Åsa Bergström
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Johan Ericson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rune Toftgård
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Stephan Teglund
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
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9
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Illegitimate translation causes unexpected gene expression from on-target out-of-frame alleles created by CRISPR-Cas9. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39608. [PMID: 28000783 PMCID: PMC5175197 DOI: 10.1038/srep39608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is efficient enough to knock out both alleles directly by introducing out-of-frame mutations. We succeeded in making biallelic on-target frameshift mutations of the endogenous Gli3 gene; however, the GLI3 protein was expressed in all six of the established cell lines carrying homozygous out-of-frame mutations. We developed a dual-tagged expression vector and proved that illegitimate translation (ITL) was the cause of the unexpected Gli3 expression. Thus, gene expression must be examined even if designed on-target out-of-frame sequences are introduced by genome editing. In addition, it is highly recommended to pre-examine the occurrence of ITL in vitro prior to the design and construction of any genome-editing vectors. In vitro assay systems such as the dual-tagged ITL assay system developed in this study should aid the identification and elucidation of ITL-based human diseases and gene expression.
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10
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Abstract
Neural progenitors in the embryonic neocortex must be tightly regulated in order to generate the correct number and projection neuron subtypes necessary for the formation of functional neocortical circuits. In this study, we show that the intracellular protein Suppressor of Fused (Sufu) regulates the proliferation of intermediate progenitor (IP) cells at later stages of corticogenesis to affect the number of Cux1+ upper layer neurons in the postnatal neocortex. This correlates with abnormal levels of the repressor form of Gli3 (Gli3R) and the ectopic expression of Patched 1 (Ptch1), a Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) target gene. These studies reveal that the canonical role of Sufu as an inhibitor of Shh signaling is conserved at later stages of corticogenesis and that Sufu plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal number by controlling the cell cycle dynamics of IP cells in the embryonic neocortex.
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Luo HS, Zhan T, Huang XD. Relationship between Hedgehog signaling pathway and pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:75-80. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway consists of ligands such as Hh, receptor (patched), transmembrane protein Smo, nuclear transcription factor Gli, and downstream target genes. This pathway plays an important role in cell differentiation, tissue development and organ formation in the embryonic stage. In recent years, the Hh signaling pathway has been reported to play an important role in the development of pancreatic cancer. It can induce differentiation, proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Blocking the Hh signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer cells will provide a new and effective method for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In this review, we will summarize the composition of the Hh signaling pathway and its relationship with the development of pancreatic cancer.
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