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Zhang X, Chen J, Yu F, Wang C, Ren R, Wang Q, Tan S, Jiang S, Liu S, Li L. 3-Hydroxyphthalic Anhydride- Modified Rabbit Anti-PAP IgG as a Potential Bifunctional HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1330. [PMID: 29971062 PMCID: PMC6018217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that amyloid fibrils in human semen formed from a naturally occurring peptide fragment of prostatic acidic phosphatase (PAP248-286), known as semen-derived enhancer of viral infection (SEVI), could dramatically enhance human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Accordingly, SEVI might serve as a novel target for new antiviral drugs or microbicide candidates for the prevention of sexually transmitted HIV. Theoretically, a special anti-PAP or anti-SEVI antibody could reduce the enhancement of viral infection by blocking the binding of HIV and SEVI fibrils. Here, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride modified anti-PAP248-286 antibody, named HP-API, exhibited broad-spectrum and highly effective anti-HIV-1 activities on different subtypes and tropism. By using time-of-addition, cell–cell fusion and a single-cycle HIV-1 infection assays, we demonstrated that HP-API is an HIV-1 entry/fusion inhibitor. Mechanism studies suggest that HP-API inhibited HIV-1 entry/fusion by targeting both HIV-1 gp120 envelop and CD4 receptor on the host cell specifically. It is noteworthy that HP-API abrogated the formation of SEVI fibrils and partially interfered with SEVI-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 infection. Based on these findings, HP-API could be considered a bifunctional HIV-1 entry/fusion inhibitor with high potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,College of Life Sciences, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruxia Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suiyi Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Research for Emerging Virus Prevention and Treatment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Yoo SJ, Kwon T, Kang K, Kim H, Kang SC, Richt JA, Lyoo YS. Genetic evolution of classical swine fever virus under immune environments conditioned by genotype 1-based modified live virus vaccine. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:735-745. [PMID: 29319233 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Modified live vaccines (MLVs) based on genotype 1 strains, particularly C-strain, have been used to prevent and control classical swine fever virus (CSFV) worldwide. Nevertheless, a shift in the predominant CSFV strains circulating in the field from genotype 1 or 3 to genotype 2 is seen. Genotype 2 is genetically distant from the vaccine strains and was recently reported during outbreaks after vaccine failure; this has raised concerns that vaccination has influenced viral evolution. In Korea in 2016, there was an unexpected CSF outbreak in a MLV-vaccinated commercial pig herd. The causative CSFV strain was genetically distinct from previously isolated Korean strains but similar to recent Chinese strains exhibiting enhanced capacity to escape neutralization; this suggests the need for global cooperative research on the evolution of CSFV. We analysed global E2 sequences, using bioinformatics tools, revealing the evolutionary pathways of CSFV. Classical swine fever virus genotypes 1 and 2 experienced different degrees and patterns of evolutionary growth. Whereas genotype 1 stayed relatively conserved over time, the genetic diversity of genotype 2 has progressively expanded, with few fluctuations. It was determined that genotype 2 evolved under lower immune pressures and at a higher evolutionary rate than genotype 1. Further, several selected codons, under diversifying selection in genotype 1 but under purifying selection in genotype 2, correspond to antigenic determinants, which could lead to evasion of vaccine-induced immunity. Our findings provide evidence that evolutionary changes in CSFV are the result of the disproportionate usage of the CSF MLVs in endemic areas; this underscores the need to develop mitigation strategies to minimize the substantial risk associated with the emergence of vaccine-escaping mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Yoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - T Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Kang
- Sooje Animal Hospital, Dongducheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - S C Kang
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - J A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Y S Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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3
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Hongjaisee S, Braibant M, Barin F, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Sirirungsi W, Samleerat T. Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions Within the V3 Region of HIV-1 CRF01_AE on Interaction with CCR5-Coreceptor. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:946-951. [PMID: 28497977 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific amino acids within the V3 loop of HIV-1 CRF01_AE envelope glycoprotein that are involved in the interaction with CCR5/CXCR4 coreceptors, are not well characterized. We generated V3 mutants using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based site-directed mutagenesis of HIV-1 CRF01_AE R5-env plasmids at specific positions. Mutant viruses were produced by env-pseudotyped virus assay, tested for coreceptor usage using U373.R5 and U373.X4 cells, and viral entry was assessed with luciferase activity measurement. All viruses, harboring either single or double mutations, used the CCR5 coreceptor. However, those containing a single substitution at positions 7, 11, 18, and 32 and those with mutations at positions 5/32 and 18/32 had reduced infectivity. Only virus with arginine substitution at position 11 seemed to be involved in CXCR4 coreceptor usage. Our results suggest that some V3 positions may be necessary for the binding to coreceptor, but not for the switch of coreceptor usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayamon Hongjaisee
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | | | - Francis Barin
- Inserm U966, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMI 174-PHPT, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Wasna Sirirungsi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Tanawan Samleerat
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
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4
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Ashokkumar M, Nesakumar M, Cheedarla N, Vidyavijayan KK, Babu H, Tripathy SP, Hanna LE. Molecular Characteristics of the Envelope of Vertically Transmitted HIV-1 Strains from Infants with HIV Infection. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:796-806. [PMID: 28401776 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV offers a good opportunity to study the dynamics of early viral evolution in the host environment to which the virus has partially adapted. Such studies would throw light on the unique features of the infecting viruses, which will subsequently help to design preventive or therapeutic measures against the newly infecting and evolving strains of HIV. Therefore, we undertook a study to determine the genetic divergence of proviral envelope sequences from the HIV-infected infants (<2 years). Detailed analysis revealed unique features of potential N-linked glycosylation sites (PNGS) and their frequency of occurrence that built on the difference in length of the V1V2 region of the envelope sequences. Surprisingly, frequency of PNGS in the V5 region was found to revert rapidly, in about 75% of the sequences, which could surmise a fitness disadvantage in the variant forms. Further, a stable net charge was observed in the V2 and V3 regions prompting us to speculate on the established interaction of the transmitted variant with the integrin α4β7 receptor and R5 co-receptor, respectively. In brief, our observations suggest that differences in the length of the variable regions and variation in the frequency of PNGS in the envelope of the viruses obtained from very recently infected individuals in our population could be important characteristics of the unique quasispecies that is responsible for the spread of HIV in the early stages of infection in MTCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manickam Ashokkumar
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manohar Nesakumar
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Narayaniah Cheedarla
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K K Vidyavijayan
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hemalatha Babu
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srikanth P Tripathy
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Luke Elizabeth Hanna
- Department of HIV/AIDS, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR) , Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Wei XM, Xu HF, Cheng XD, Bu N, Zhou HZ. Position 22 of the V3 loop is associated with HIV infectivity. Arch Virol 2016; 162:637-643. [PMID: 27815696 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3138-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus subtype 1B (HIV-1B) binds to the CD4 receptor and co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 to enter T lymphocytes. The amino acid sequence of the HIV envelope glycoprotein V3 region determines the co-receptor tropism, thereby influencing the infectivity of the virus. Our research group previously found that the amino acid at position 22 of the V3 region may affect the infectivity of the virus, and in this study, we tested this hypothesis. We constructed pseudoviruses by changing the amino acids at position 22 of the V3 region in CCR5-tropic and CXCR4-tropic viruses and tested their infectivity. When the amino acid at V3 position 22 was altered in the CCR5- and CXCR4-tropic viruses, their ability to infect cells decreased to 20.6% and 17.14%, respectively. Therefore, we propose that residue 22 in the V3 region of subtype HIV-1B significantly influences the infectivity of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wei
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Feng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Di Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Bu
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Jiamusi Central Hospital, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Zhou Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Shen HS, Yin J, Leng F, Teng RF, Xu C, Xia XY, Pan XM. HIV coreceptor tropism determination and mutational pattern identification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21280. [PMID: 26883082 PMCID: PMC4756667 DOI: 10.1038/srep21280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of infection, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) generally selects CCR5 as the primary coreceptor for entering the host cell. As infection progresses, the virus evolves and may exhibit a coreceptor-switch to CXCR4. Accurate determination coreceptor usage and identification key mutational patterns associated tropism switch are essential for selection of appropriate therapies and understanding mechanism of coreceptor change. We developed a classifier composed of two coreceptor-specific weight matrices (CMs) based on a full-scale dataset. For this classifier, we found an AUC of 0.97, an accuracy of 95.21% and an MCC of 0.885 (sensitivity 92.92%; specificity 95.54%) in a ten-fold cross-validation, outperforming all other methods on an independent dataset (13% higher MCC value than geno2pheno and 15% higher MCC value than PSSM). A web server (http://spg.med.tsinghua.edu.cn/CM.html) based on our classifier was provided. Patterns of genetic mutations that occur along with coreceptor transitions were further identified based on the score of each sequence. Six pairs of one-AA mutational patterns and three pairs of two-AA mutational patterns were identified to associate with increasing propensity for X4 tropism. These mutational patterns offered new insights into the mechanism of coreceptor switch and aided in monitoring coreceptor switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Shuang Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Jason Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Leng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Rui-Fang Teng
- The Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Chao Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Xia-Yu Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Xian-Ming Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, China
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