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Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang M, Liu S, Wang T, Wu T, Li B, Zhao S, Wang H, Li L, Wang C, Huang L. Single-cell and bulk sequencing analyses reveal the immune suppressive role of PTPN6 in glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9822-9841. [PMID: 37737713 PMCID: PMC10564408 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant brain cancer with a poor prognosis despite standard treatments. This investigation aimed to explore the feasibility of PTPN6 to combat GBM with immunotherapy. Our study employed a comprehensive analysis of publicly available datasets and functional experiments to assess PTPN6 gene expression, prognostic value, and related immune characteristics in glioma. We evaluated the influence of PTPN6 expression on CD8+ T cell exhaustion, immune suppression, and tumor growth in human GBM samples and mouse models. Our findings demonstrated that PTPN6 overexpression played an oncogenic role in GBM and was associated with advanced tumor grades and unfavorable clinical outcomes. In human GBM samples, PTPN6 upregulation showed a strong association with immunosuppressive formation and CD8+ T cell dysfunction, whereas, in mice, it hindered CD8+ T cell infiltration. Moreover, PTPN6 facilitated cell cycle progression, inhibited apoptosis, and promoted glioma cell proliferation, tumor growth, and colony formation in mice. The outcomes of our study indicate that PTPN6 is a promising immunotherapeutic target for the treatment of GBM. Inhibition of PTPN6 could enhance CD8+ T cell infiltration and improve antitumor immune response, thus leading to better clinical outcomes for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Saisai Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Research Laboratory Centre, Guizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou University, Nanming, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianyu Wu
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Baiqing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Shidi Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, Bengbu Medical College, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Huaishang, Bengbu 233040, Anhui, P.R. China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Huaishang, Bengbu 233040, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
- Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Longzihu, Bengbu 233030, Anhui, P.R. China
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3-Amino-4,4-Dimethyl Lithocholic Acid Derivatives as Novel, Selective, and Cellularly Active Allosteric SHP1 Activators. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062488. [PMID: 36985458 PMCID: PMC10056611 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 (SHP1), a non-receptor member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family, negatively regulates several signaling pathways that are responsible for pathological cell processes in cancers. In this study, we report a series of 3-amino-4,4-dimethyl lithocholic acid derivatives as SHP1 activators. The most potent compounds, 5az-ba, showed low micromolar activating effects (EC50: 1.54–2.10 μM) for SHP1, with 7.63–8.79-fold maximum activation and significant selectivity over the closest homologue Src homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) (>32-fold). 5az-ba showed potent anti-tumor effects with IC50 values of 1.65–5.51 μM against leukemia and lung cancer cells. A new allosteric mechanism of SHP1 activation, whereby small molecules bind to a central allosteric pocket and stabilize the active conformation of SHP1, was proposed. The activation mechanism was consistent with the structure–activity relationship (SAR) data. This study demonstrates that 3-amino-4,4-dimethyl lithocholic acid derivatives can be selective SHP1 activators with potent cellular efficacy.
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Karagiota A, Kanoura A, Paraskeva E, Simos G, Chachami G. Pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1) stimulates HIF activity by supporting histone acetylation under hypoxia. FEBS J 2022; 290:2165-2179. [PMID: 36453802 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells, when exposed to the hypoxic tumour microenvironment, respond by activating hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIF-1 mediates extensive metabolic re-programming, and expression of HIF-1α, its oxygen-regulated subunit, is associated with poor prognosis in cancer. Here we analyse the role of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 1 (PDP1) in the regulation of HIF-1 activity. PDP1 is a key hormone-regulated metabolic enzyme that dephosphorylates and activates pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), thereby stimulating the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. Silencing of PDP1 down-regulated HIF transcriptional activity and the expression of HIF-dependent genes, including that of PDK1, the kinase that phosphorylates and inactivates PDH, opposing the effects of PDP1. Inversely, PDP1 stimulation enhanced HIF activity under hypoxia. Alteration of PDP1 levels or activity did not have an effect on HIF-1α protein levels, nuclear accumulation or interaction with its partners ARNT and NPM1. However, depletion of PDP-1 decreased histone H3 acetylation of HIF-1 target gene promoters and inhibited binding of HIF-1 to the respective hypoxia-response elements (HREs) under hypoxia. Furthermore, the decrease of HIF transcriptional activity upon PDP1 depletion could be reversed by treating the cells with acetate, as an exogenous source of acetyl-CoA, or the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor trichostatin A. These data suggest that the PDP1/PDH/HIF-1/PDK1 axis is part of a homeostatic loop which, under hypoxia, preserves cellular acetyl-CoA production to a level sufficient to sustain chromatin acetylation and transcription of hypoxia-inducible genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Karagiota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.,Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Amalia Kanoura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Efrosyni Paraskeva
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - George Simos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.,Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Georgia Chachami
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
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Friend or foe? Unraveling the complex roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in cardiac disease and development. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110297. [PMID: 35259455 PMCID: PMC9038168 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is critical for most, if not all, fundamental cellular processes. However, we still do not fully understand the complex and tissue-specific roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the normal heart or in cardiac pathology. This review compares and contrasts the various roles of protein tyrosine phosphatases known to date in the context of cardiac disease and development. In particular, it will be considered how specific protein tyrosine phosphatases control cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyocyte contractility, how protein tyrosine phosphatases contribute to or ameliorate injury induced by ischaemia / reperfusion or hypoxia / reoxygenation, and how protein tyrosine phosphatases are involved in normal heart development and congenital heart disease. This review delves into the newest developments and current challenges in the field, and highlights knowledge gaps and emerging opportunities for future research.
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The Phosphatase SHP-2 Activates HIF-1α in Wounds In Vivo by Inhibition of 26S Proteasome Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184404. [PMID: 31500245 PMCID: PMC6769879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling and angiogenesis are required to improve the perfusion of ischemic tissues. The hypoxic environment, induced by ischemia, is a potent stimulus for hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) upregulation and activation, which induce pro-angiogenic gene expression. We previously showed that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 drives hypoxia mediated HIF-1α upregulation via inhibition of the proteasomal pathway, resulting in revascularization of wounds in vivo. However, it is still unknown if SHP-2 mediates HIF-1α upregulation by affecting 26S proteasome activity and how the proteasome is regulated upon hypoxia. Using a reporter construct containing the oxygen-dependent degradation (ODD) domain of HIF-1α and a fluorogenic proteasome substrate in combination with SHP-2 mutant constructs, we show that SHP-2 inhibits the 26S proteasome activity in endothelial cells under hypoxic conditions in vitro via Src kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling. Moreover, the simultaneous expression of constitutively active SHP-2 (E76A) and inactive SHP-2 (CS) in separate hypoxic wounds in the mice dorsal skin fold chamber by localized magnetic nanoparticle-assisted lentiviral transduction showed specific regulation of proteasome activity in vivo. Thus, we identified a new additional mechanism of SHP-2 mediated HIF-1α upregulation and proteasome activity, being functionally important for revascularization of wounds in vivo. SHP-2 may therefore constitute a potential novel therapeutic target for the induction of angiogenesis in ischemic vascular disease.
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In vitro and in vivo activities of flavonoids – apigenin, baicalin, chrysin, scutellarin – in regulation of hypertension – a review for their possible effects in pregnancy-induced hypertension. HERBA POLONICA 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2019-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Flavonoids and their conjugates are the most important group of natural chemical compounds in drug discovery and development. The search for pharmacological activity and new mechanisms of activity of these chemical compounds, which may inhibit mediators of inflammation and influence the structure and function of endothelial cells, can be an interesting pharmacological strategy for the prevention and adjunctive treatments of hypertension, especially induced by pregnancy. Because cardiovascular diseases have multi-factorial pathogenesis these natural chemical compounds with wide spectrum of biological activities are the most interesting source of new drugs. Extracts from one of the most popular plant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi could be a very interesting source of flavonoids because of its exact content in quercetin, apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin as well as in baicalin. These flavonoids exert vasoprotective properties and many activities such as: anti-oxidative via several pathways, anti-in-flammatory, anti-ischaemic, cardioprotective and anti-hypertensive. However, there is lack of summaries of results of studies in context of potential and future application of flavonoids with determined composition and activity. Our review aims to provide a literature survey of in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo pharmacological studies of selected flavonoids (apigenin, chrysin and scutellarin, baicalin) in various models of hypertension carried out in 2008–2018.
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Heun Y, Pircher J, Czermak T, Bluem P, Hupel G, Bohmer M, Kraemer BF, Pogoda K, Pfeifer A, Woernle M, Ribeiro A, Hübner M, Kreth S, Claus RA, Weis S, Ungelenk L, Krötz F, Pohl U, Mannell H. Inactivation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 drives vascular dysfunction in Sepsis. EBioMedicine 2019; 42:120-132. [PMID: 30905847 PMCID: PMC6491420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis, the most severe form of infection, involves endothelial dysfunction which contributes to organ failure. To improve therapeutic prospects, elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial vascular failure is of essence. Methods Polymicrobial contamination induced sepsis mouse model and primary endothelial cells incubated with sepsis serum were used to study SHP-2 in sepsis-induced endothelial inflammation. SHP-2 activity was assessed by dephosphorylation of pNPP, ROS production was measured by DCF oxidation and protein interactions were assessed by proximity ligation assay. Vascular inflammation was studied in the mouse cremaster model and in an in vitro flow assay. Findings We identified ROS-dependent inactivation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 to be decisive for endothelial activation in sepsis. Using in vivo and in vitro sepsis models, we observed a significant reduction of endothelial SHP-2 activity, accompanied by enhanced adhesion molecule expression. The impaired SHP-2 activity was restored by ROS inhibitors and an IL-1 receptor antagonist. SHP-2 activity inversely correlated with the adhesive phenotype of endothelial cells exposed to IL-1β as well as sepsis serum via p38 MAPK and NF-κB. In vivo, SHP-2 inhibition accelerated IL-1β-induced leukocyte adhesion, extravasation and vascular permeability. Mechanistically, SHP-2 directly interacts with the IL-1R1 adaptor protein MyD88 via its tyrosine 257, resulting in reduced binding of p85/PI3-K to MyD88. Interpretation Our data show that SHP-2 inactivation by ROS in sepsis releases a protective break, resulting in endothelial activation. Fund German Research Foundation, LMU Mentoring excellence and FöFoLe Programme, Verein zur Förderung von Wissenschaft und Forschung, German Ministry of Education and Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonn Heun
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Czermak
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Philipp Bluem
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Georg Hupel
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Monica Bohmer
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Bjoern F Kraemer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg 82152, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Center University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Markus Woernle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstr.1, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstr.1, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Max Hübner
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, München 81377, Germany
| | - Simone Kreth
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Department of Anesthesiology, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, München 81377, Germany
| | - Ralf A Claus
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany; Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Luisa Ungelenk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Florian Krötz
- Interventional Cardiology, Starnberg Community Hospital, Oßwaldstr. 1, Starnberg 82319, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg 82152, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr 27, München 81377, Germany; Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, Planegg 82152, Germany; Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, München 81377, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Pyo J, Ryu J, Kim W, Choi JS, Jeong JW, Kim JE. The Protein Phosphatase PPM1G Destabilizes HIF-1α Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082297. [PMID: 30081604 PMCID: PMC6121667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are key regulators of hypoxic responses, and their stability and transcriptional activity are controlled by several kinases. However, the regulation of HIF by protein phosphatases has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we found that overexpression of Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent protein phosphatase 1 gamma (PPM1G), one of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases, downregulated protein expression of ectopic HIF-1α under normoxic or acute hypoxic conditions. In addition, the deficiency of PPM1G upregulated protein expression of endogenous HIF-1α under normoxic or acute oxidative stress conditions. PPM1G decreased expression of HIF-1α via the proteasomal pathway. PPM1G-mediated HIF-1α degradation was dependent on prolyl hydroxylase (PHD), but independent of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL). These data suggest that PPM1G is critical for the control of HIF-1α-dependent responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyuk Pyo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jaewook Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Jae-Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Joo-Won Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea.
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Global transcriptomic analysis suggests carbon dioxide as an environmental stressor in spaceflight: A systems biology GeneLab case study. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520055 PMCID: PMC5843582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight introduces a combination of environmental stressors, including microgravity, ionizing radiation, changes in diet and altered atmospheric gas composition. In order to understand the impact of each environmental component on astronauts it is important to investigate potential influences in isolation. Rodent spaceflight experiments involve both standard vivarium cages and animal enclosure modules (AEMs), which are cages used to house rodents in spaceflight. Ground control AEMs are engineered to match the spaceflight environment. There are limited studies examining the biological response invariably due to the configuration of AEM and vivarium housing. To investigate the innate global transcriptomic patterns of rodents housed in spaceflight-matched AEM compared to standard vivarium cages we utilized publicly available data from the NASA GeneLab repository. Using a systems biology approach, we observed that AEM housing was associated with significant transcriptomic differences, including reduced metabolism, altered immune responses, and activation of possible tumorigenic pathways. Although we did not perform any functional studies, our findings revealed a mild hypoxic phenotype in AEM, possibly due to atmospheric carbon dioxide that was increased to match conditions in spaceflight. Our investigation illustrates the process of generating new hypotheses and informing future experimental research by repurposing multiple space-flown datasets.
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Vara D, Watt JM, Fortunato TM, Mellor H, Burgess M, Wicks K, Mace K, Reeksting S, Lubben A, Wheeler-Jones CPD, Pula G. Direct Activation of NADPH Oxidase 2 by 2-Deoxyribose-1-Phosphate Triggers Nuclear Factor Kappa B-Dependent Angiogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:110-130. [PMID: 28793782 PMCID: PMC5725637 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Deoxyribose-1-phosphate (dRP) is a proangiogenic paracrine stimulus released by cancer cells, platelets, and macrophages and acting on endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to clarify how dRP stimulates angiogenic responses in human endothelial cells. RESULTS Live cell imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance, pull-down of dRP-interacting proteins, followed by immunoblotting, gene silencing of different NADPH oxidases (NOXs), and their regulatory cosubunits by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection, and experiments with inhibitors of the sugar transporter glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were utilized to demonstrate that dRP acts intracellularly by directly activating the endothelial NOX2 complex, but not NOX4. Increased reactive oxygen species generation in response to NOX2 activity leads to redox-dependent activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which, in turn, induces vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) upregulation. Using endothelial tube formation assays, gene silencing by siRNA, and antibody-based receptor inhibition, we demonstrate that the activation of NF-κB and VEGFR2 is necessary for the angiogenic responses elicited by dRP. The upregulation of VEGFR2 and NOX2-dependent stimulation of angiogenesis by dRP were confirmed in excisional wound and Matrigel plug vascularization assays in vivo using NOX2-/- mice. INNOVATION For the first time, we demonstrate that dRP acts intracellularly and stimulates superoxide anion generation by direct binding and activation of the NOX2 enzymatic complex. CONCLUSIONS This study describes a novel molecular mechanism underlying the proangiogenic activity of dRP, which involves the sequential activation of NOX2 and NF-κB and upregulation of VEGFR2. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 110-130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Vara
- 1 Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Watt
- 2 Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath , Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago M Fortunato
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Mellor
- 4 Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol , Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Burgess
- 5 The Healing Foundation Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Wicks
- 5 The Healing Foundation Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly Mace
- 5 The Healing Foundation Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Reeksting
- 6 Mass Spectrometry Service and Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath , Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Anneke Lubben
- 6 Mass Spectrometry Service and Chemical Characterisation and Analysis Facility, University of Bath , Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Giordano Pula
- 1 Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter, United Kingdom
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Sharma Y, Bashir S, Bhardwaj P, Ahmad A, Khan F. Protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1: resurgence as new drug target for human autoimmune disorders. Immunol Res 2017; 64:804-19. [PMID: 27216862 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-016-8805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recognition of self-antigen and its destruction by the immune system is the hallmark of autoimmune diseases. During the developmental stages, immune cells are introduced to the self-antigen, for which tolerance develops. The inflammatory insults that break the immune tolerance provoke immune system against self-antigen, progressively leading to autoimmune diseases. SH2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), SHP-1, was identified as hematopoietic cell-specific PTP that regulates immune function from developing immune tolerance to mediating cell signaling post-immunoreceptor activation. The extensive research on SHP-1-deficient mice elucidated the diversified role of SHP-1 in immune regulation, and inflammatory process and related disorders such as cancer, autoimmunity, and neurodegenerative diseases. The present review focalizes upon the implication of SHP-1 in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, such as allergic asthma, neutrophilic dermatosis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis, so as to lay the background in pursuance of developing therapeutic strategies targeting SHP-1. Also, new SHP-1 molecular targets have been suggested like SIRP-α, PIPKIγ, and RIP-1 that may prove to be the focal point for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadhu Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Samina Bashir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Puja Bhardwaj
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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12
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Duran CL, Howell DW, Dave JM, Smith RL, Torrie ME, Essner JJ, Bayless KJ. Molecular Regulation of Sprouting Angiogenesis. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:153-235. [PMID: 29357127 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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13
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Heun Y, Pogoda K, Anton M, Pircher J, Pfeifer A, Woernle M, Ribeiro A, Kameritsch P, Mykhaylyk O, Plank C, Kroetz F, Pohl U, Mannell H. HIF-1α Dependent Wound Healing Angiogenesis In Vivo Can Be Controlled by Site-Specific Lentiviral Magnetic Targeting of SHP-2. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1616-1627. [PMID: 28434868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia promotes vascularization by stabilization and activation of the hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), which constitutes a target for angiogenic gene therapy. However, gene therapy is hampered by low gene delivery efficiency and non-specific side effects. Here, we developed a gene transfer technique based on magnetic targeting of magnetic nanoparticle-lentivirus (MNP-LV) complexes allowing site-directed gene delivery to individual wounds in the dorsal skin of mice. Using this technique, we were able to control HIF-1α dependent wound healing angiogenesis in vivo via site-specific modulation of the tyrosine phosphatase activity of SHP-2. We thus uncover a novel physiological role of SHP-2 in protecting HIF-1α from proteasomal degradation via a Src kinase dependent mechanism, resulting in HIF-1α DNA-binding and transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. Excitingly, using targeting of MNP-LV complexes, we achieved simultaneous expression of constitutively active as well as inactive SHP-2 mutant proteins in separate wounds in vivo and hereby specifically and locally controlled HIF-1α activity as well as the angiogenic wound healing response in vivo. Therefore, magnetically targeted lentiviral induced modulation of SHP-2 activity may be an attractive approach for controlling patho-physiological conditions relying on hypoxic vessel growth at specific sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonn Heun
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Pogoda
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Martina Anton
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Joachim Pircher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biomedical Center, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Woernle
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Ribeiro
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Petra Kameritsch
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institut für Molekulare Immunologie - Experimentelle Onkologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TUM, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Florian Kroetz
- Interventional Cardiology, Starnberg Community Hospital, Osswaldstrasse 1, 82319 Starnberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, BMC, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Grosshaderner Strasse 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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14
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Zhang K, Song W, Li D, Jin X. Apigenin in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and protection of blood vessels. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1719-1724. [PMID: 28565758 PMCID: PMC5443212 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is a major independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Seeking natural compounds in medicinal plants capable of reducing blood fat and studying their mechanisms of action has been the focus of research in recent years. The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanisms of apigenin in regulating cholesterol metabolism and protecting blood vessels, and to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of apigenin. The mouse model of hyperlipidemia was established to verify the efficacy of apigenin in improving hyperlipidemia and to observe the mechanism of action of apigenin in reducing cholesterol content. In vitro cell experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of apigenin in mediating reverse cholesterol transport. Additionally, H2O2-injured human umbilical venous endothelial cells (EA.hy926 cells) were used for further study on the roles of apigenin in resisting oxidization and protecting vascular endothelial cells. Apigenin significantly regulated blood fat, reduced animal weight, and reduced total cholesterol (P=0.024), triglyceride (P=0.031) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.014) in the serum of the high-fat diet mice. Apigenin improved the blood lipid metabolism of the hyper-lipidemia model mice. Body weight and serum cholesterol content increased abnormally (P=0.003) as a consequence of high-fat diet. Apigenin increased the activity of superoxide dismutase in EA.hy926 cells (P=0.043) and increased the amount of nitric oxide secreted by the cells (P=0.038). Apigenin also inhibited the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in a dose-dependent manner (P=0.036). In conclusion, apigenin can regulate cholesterol metabolism in vivo and plays a role in reducing the level of blood fat by promoting cholesterol absorption and conversion, and accelerating reverse cholesterol transport. Apigenin also has a role in resisting oxidization and protecting blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Dalin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Xing Jin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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Zor F, Meric C, Siemionow M. Effects of hPTPβ inhibitor on microcirculation of rat cremaster muscle flap following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Microsurgery 2016; 37:624-631. [PMID: 27859622 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) enhances endothelial receptor tyrosine kinases activation and may have beneficial effects on vessel growth and improve blood flow to ischemic tissue. The purpose of this study is to determine influence of hPTPß inhibitors on ischemia-reperfusion injury in muscle flap. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following cremaster muscle dissection, 60 rats divided into 10 experimental groups (placebo and treatment groups following 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h of ischemia). Following group-specific treatment (placebo/hPTPß inhibitor, 15 mg/kg), 2 h of reperfusion is initiated. Observations are performed at 4 h after completion of reperfusion and microcirculatory hemodynamics and leukocyte-endothelial activation were recorded. RESULTS Administration of hPTPß inhibitor showed preservation of capillary perfusion in group subjected to 2 h of ischemia when compared with placebo (P < .05). The effect of hPTPβ inhibitor on mean venule diameter was found to be altered by duration of ischemia and this effect was statistically significant (P < .05). Treated ischemic groups (1 h, 2 h, and 3 h) showed decreased activation of rolling, sticking, and transmigrating leukocytes compared to respective placebo groups at all time points. The differences were significant for transmigrating leukocytes after 2 h and 3 h of ischemia (P < .05). Endothelial edema index was also significantly reduced in 2 h ischemia group (P < .05). CONCLUSION Administration of hPTP inhibitors after submission of tissue to subcritical ischemia (1-2 h) improved functional capillary perfusion and decreased leukocyte-endothelial activation after 4 h after reperfusion. These results indicate that hPTP inhibitor has a potential postischemic therapeutic effect applied after tissue ischemia just before the reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Zor
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cem Meric
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Klinik für Plastische, Ästhetische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie, Rote Kreuz Krankenhaus, Kassel, Germany
| | - Maria Siemionow
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH.,Department of Orthopedics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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