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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Liu T, Tang J, Liu Y, Gou T, Chen K, Wang L, Zhang J, Yang Y, Zhang H. Exploring the role of ITGB6: fibrosis, cancer, and other diseases. Apoptosis 2024; 29:570-585. [PMID: 38127283 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Integrin β6 (ITGB6), a member of the integrin family of proteins, is only present in epithelial tissues and frequently associates with integrin subunit αv to form transmembrane heterodimers named integrin αvβ6. Importantly, ITGB6 determines αvβ6 expression and availability. In addition to being engaged in organ fibrosis, ITGB6 is also directly linked to the emergence of cancer, periodontitis, and several potential genetic diseases. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the molecular-biological mechanism of ITGB6, which could provide novel insights for future clinical diagnosis and therapy. This review introduces the structure, distribution, and biological function of ITGB6. This review also expounds on ITGB6-related diseases, detailing the known biological effects of ITGB6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Theater Command General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 627 Wuluo Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jiayou Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Tiantian Gou
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Kangli Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, 710021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Faulty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
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2
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Baldelli A, Koivisto L, Oguzlu H, Guo Y, Häkkinen L, Pratap Singh A, Larjava H. Spray-dried microparticles of encapsulated gefitinib for slow-release localized treatment of periodontal disease. Int J Pharm 2023:123137. [PMID: 37364780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease (PD) can be prevented by local or systemic application of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) that stabilize αvβ6 integrin levels in the periodontal tissue, leading to an increase in the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-β1. Systemic EGFRIs have side effects and, therefore, local treatment of PD applied into the periodontal pockets would be preferrable. Thus, we have developed slow-release three-layered microparticles of gefitinib, a commercially available EGFRI. A combination of different polymers [cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and ethyl cellulose (EC)] and sugars [D-mannose, D-mannitol and D-(+)-trehalose dihydrate] were used for the encapsulation. The optimal formulation was composed of CAB, EC, PLGA, mannose and gefitinib (0.59, 0.24, 0.09, 1, and 0.005 mg/ml, respectively; labeled CEP-gef), and created microparticles of 5.7 ± 2.3 µm in diameter, encapsulation efficiency of 99.98%, and a release rate of more than 300 hours. A suspension of this microparticle formulation blocked EGFR phosphorylation and restored αvβ6 integrin levels in oral epithelial cells, while the respective control microparticles showed no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leeni Koivisto
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hale Oguzlu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Wood Science, The University of British Columbia
| | - Yigong Guo
- Food and Land Systems, The University of British Columbia
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Hannu Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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3
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Integrin Alpha v Beta 6 (αvβ6) and Its Implications in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012346. [PMID: 36293202 PMCID: PMC9603893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are necessary for cell adhesion, migration, and positioning. Essential for inducing signalling events for cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation, they also trigger a variety of signal transduction pathways involved in mediating invasion, metastasis, and squamous-cell carcinoma. Several recent studies have demonstrated that the up- and down-regulation of the expression of αv and other integrins can be a potent marker of malignant diseases and patient prognosis. This review focuses on an arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-dependent integrin αVβ6, its biology, and its role in healthy humans. We examine the implications of αVβ6 in cancer progression and the promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by contributing to the activation of transforming growth factor beta TGF-β. Although αvβ6 is crucial for proper function in healthy people, it has also been validated as a target for cancer treatment. This review briefly considers aspects of targeting αVβ6 in the clinic via different therapeutic modalities.
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4
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Xu M, Huang J, Zhu F, Shen K, Liu F, Deng X. FOXO1 inhibits FSL-1 regulation of integrin β6 by blocking STAT3 binding to the integrin β6 gene promoter. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:998693. [PMID: 36299623 PMCID: PMC9589051 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.998693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin β6 (ITGB6), an epithelial-specific receptor, is downregulated in the gingival epithelium of periodontitis and is associated with inflammation response and periodontitis development. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of ITGB6 downregulation in the human gingival epithelium remains unclear. Fibroblast-stimulating lipopeptide-1 (FSL-1), an oral biofilm component, promotes an epithelial cell-driven proinflammatory response in periodontitis partially by suppressing ITGB6 expression. The aim of the current study was to investigate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of ITGB6 inhibition by FSL-1 in human epithelial cells (HaCaT and primary human gingival epithelial cells), and to delineate the transcriptional mechanism of ITGB6 suppression in periodontitis. We found that FSL-1 inhibited ITGB6 transcription through increasing forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) expression and inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation. Furthermore, FOXO1 bound to STAT3 directly, leading to decreased STAT3 phosphorylation induced by FSL-1. Consequently, the binding of phosphorylated STAT3 to the ITGB6 promoter was decreased, and ITGB6 transcription was therefore downregulated following FSL-1 stimulation. The reciprocal action of STAT3 and FOXO1 on ITGB6 downregulation was also confirmed by the immunostaining of the inflammatory epithelium associated with periodontitis. Our findings suggest that the interaction of FOXO1–STAT3 may be a useful signal target for the treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Xu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
- Engineering Research Center of Fujian University for Stomatological Biomaterials, Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
- School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Feixiang Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kailun Shen
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Stomatological Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoling Deng,
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Chen YQ, Song HY, Zhou ZY, Ma J, Luo ZY, Zhou Y, Wang JY, Liu S, Han XH. Osthole inhibits the migration and invasion of highly metastatic breast cancer cells by suppressing ITGα3/ITGβ5 signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1544-1555. [PMID: 34426644 PMCID: PMC9160248 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Osthole, as an active compound detected in the traditional Chinese medicine Wenshen Zhuanggu Formula, has shown a promising anti-metastatic activity in human breast cancer cells, but the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. In this study we elucidated the anti-metastatic mechanisms of osthole in highly metastatic breast cancer cells and a zebrafish xenograft model. We showed that the expression of integrin α3 (ITGα3) and integrin β5 (ITGβ5) was upregulated in highly metastatic MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231BO breast cancer cell lines but was downregulated in poorly metastatic MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, which might be the key targets of osthole's anti-metastatic action. Furthermore, we showed that knockdown of ITGα3 and ITGβ5 attenuated breast cancer cell migration and invasion possibly via suppression of FAK/Src/Rac1 pathway, whereas overexpression of ITGα3 and ITGβ5 caused the opposite effects. Consistently, osthole significantly inhibited breast cancer metastasis by downregulating ITGα3/ITGβ5 signaling in vitro and in vivo. These results provide new evidence that osthole may be developed as a candidate therapeutic drug for metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-qiang Chen
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hai-yan Song
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhong-yan Zhou
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiao Ma
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhan-yang Luo
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Ying Zhou
- grid.412540.60000 0001 2372 7462Shanghai TCM-integrated Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200082 China
| | - Jian-yi Wang
- grid.412585.f0000 0004 0604 8558Department of Liver Disease, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Sheng Liu
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xiang-hui Han
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 China
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Meecham A, Marshall JF. The ITGB6 gene: its role in experimental and clinical biology. Gene 2020; 763S:100023. [PMID: 34493369 PMCID: PMC7285966 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrin αvβ6 is a membrane-spanning heterodimeric glycoprotein involved in wound healing and the pathogenesis of diseases including fibrosis and cancer. Therefore, it is of great clinical interest for us to understand the molecular mechanisms of its biology. As the limiting binding partner in the heterodimer, the β6 subunit controls αvβ6 expression and availability. Here we describe our understanding of the ITGB6 gene encoding the β6 subunit, including its structure, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, the biological effects observed in ITGB6 deficient mice and clinical cases of ITGB6 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Meecham
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - John F Marshall
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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7
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Matsuyama T, Kubli SP, Yoshinaga SK, Pfeffer K, Mak TW. An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020. [PMID: 33037393 DOI: 10.1038/s41418‐020‐00633‐7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Matsuyama
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shawn P Kubli
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada. .,Department of Medical Biophysics and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, 999077, Hong Kong.
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8
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An aberrant STAT pathway is central to COVID-19. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3209-3225. [PMID: 33037393 PMCID: PMC7545020 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and characterized by diverse clinical symptoms. Type I interferon (IFN-I) production is impaired and severe cases lead to ARDS and widespread coagulopathy. We propose that COVID-19 pathophysiology is initiated by SARS-CoV-2 gene products, the NSP1 and ORF6 proteins, leading to a catastrophic cascade of failures. These viral components induce signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) dysfunction and compensatory hyperactivation of STAT3. In SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, a positive feedback loop established between STAT3 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) may lead to an escalating cycle of activation in common with the interdependent signaling networks affected in COVID-19. Specifically, PAI-1 upregulation leads to coagulopathy characterized by intravascular thrombi. Overproduced PAI-1 binds to TLR4 on macrophages, inducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The recruitment and subsequent activation of innate immune cells within an infected lung drives the destruction of lung architecture, which leads to the infection of regional endothelial cells and produces a hypoxic environment that further stimulates PAI-1 production. Acute lung injury also activates EGFR and leads to the phosphorylation of STAT3. COVID-19 patients' autopsies frequently exhibit diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) and increased hyaluronan (HA) production which also leads to higher levels of PAI-1. COVID-19 risk factors are consistent with this scenario, as PAI-1 levels are increased in hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and old age. We discuss the possibility of using various approved drugs, or drugs currently in clinical development, to treat COVID-19. This perspective suggests to enhance STAT1 activity and/or inhibit STAT3 functions for COVID-19 treatment. This might derail the escalating STAT3/PAI-1 cycle central to COVID-19.
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9
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Interleukin-6 Promotes Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Cell Invasion through Integrin β6 Upregulation in Colorectal Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8032187. [PMID: 32855767 PMCID: PMC7443035 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8032187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The metastatic potential of colorectal cancer (CRC) is intensively promoted by the tumor microenvironment (TME) in a paracrine manner. As a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is produced and involved in CRC, the same scenario where integrin αvβ6 also becomes upregulated. However, the relationship between IL-6 and integrin αvβ6 as well as their involvement in the crosstalk between CRC and TME remains largely unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated a positive correlation between the expression of IL-6 and integrin β6 in CRC samples. The mutually promotive interaction between CRC and TME was further determined by an indirect coculture system. CRC cells could augment the secretion of IL-6 from fibroblasts, which in return induced invasion and integrin β6 expression of CRC cells. Through the classic IL-6 receptor/STAT-3 signaling pathway, IL-6 mediated the upregulation of integrin β6, which was involved in the invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CRC cells induced by IL-6. Taken together, our results reveal a paracrine crosstalk between IL-6 signals originating from the TME and increased the integrin β6 level of CRC. IL-6 induces CRC invasion via upregulation of integrin β6 through the IL-6 receptor/STAT-3 signaling pathway. Combined inhibition of IL-6 along with integrin β6-targeted strategy may indicate new directions for antitumor strategies for CRC.
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Bi J, Koivisto L, Dai J, Zhuang D, Jiang G, Larjava M, Shen Y, Bi L, Liu F, Haapasalo M, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling suppresses αvβ6 integrin and promotes periodontal inflammation and bone loss. J Cell Sci 2019; 133:jcs.236588. [PMID: 31722981 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.236588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In periodontal disease (PD), bacterial biofilms cause gingival inflammation, leading to bone loss. In healthy individuals, αvβ6 integrin in junctional epithelium maintains anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling, whereas its expression is lost in individuals with PD. Bacterial biofilms suppress β6 integrin expression in cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs) by attenuating TGF-β1 signaling, leading to an enhanced pro-inflammatory response. In the present study, we show that GEC exposure to biofilms induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Inhibition of EGFR and ERK stunted both the biofilm-induced ITGB6 suppression and IL1B stimulation. Furthermore, biofilm induced the expression of endogenous EGFR ligands that suppressed ITGB6 and stimulated IL1B expression, indicating that the effects of the biofilm were mediated by autocrine EGFR signaling. Biofilm and EGFR ligands induced inhibitory phosphorylation of the TGF-β1 signaling mediator Smad3 at S208. Overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective mutant of Smad3 (S208A) reduced the β6 integrin suppression. Furthermore, inhibition of EGFR signaling significantly reduced bone loss and inflammation in an experimental PD model. Thus, EGFR inhibition may provide a target for clinical therapies to prevent inflammation and bone loss in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leeni Koivisto
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Deshu Zhuang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Guoqiao Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Milla Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Liangjia Bi
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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11
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Koivisto L, Bi J, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Integrin αvβ6: Structure, function and role in health and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 99:186-196. [PMID: 29678785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are cell surface receptors that traditionally mediate cell-to-extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell adhesion. They can, however, also bind a large repertoire of other molecules. Integrin αvβ6 is exclusively expressed in epithelial cells where it can, for example, serve as a fibronectin receptor. However, its hallmark function is to activate transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) to modulate innate immune surveillance in lungs and skin and along the gastrointestinal tract, and to maintain epithelial stem cell quiescence. The loss of αvβ6 integrin function in mice and humans leads to an altered immune response in lungs and skin, amelogenesis imperfecta, periodontal disease and, in some cases, alopecia. Elevated αvβ6 integrin expression and aberrant TGF-β1 activation and function are associated with organ fibrosis and cancer. Therefore, αvβ6 integrin serves as an attractive target for cancer imaging and for fibrosis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeni Koivisto
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Xu M, Yin L, Cai Y, Hu Q, Huang J, Ji Q, Hu Y, Huang W, Liu F, Shi S, Deng X. Epigenetic regulation of integrin β6 transcription induced by TGF-β1 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4193-4204. [PMID: 29274289 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of integrin αvβ6 is believed to play an important role in the invasion and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms leading to αvβ6 upregulation in OSCC. As the integrin β6 (ITGB6) is the only partner with αv, the expression of αvβ6 is dependent on ITGB6, it is, therefore, pivotal to investigate the mechanisms underlying ITGB6 overexpression in OSCC. We previously reported the cloning and characterization of human ITGB6 gene. In the current study, we further investigated the molecular mechanisms of ITGB6 expression and the upregulation by carcinogenesis related cytokine-transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in OSCC cells. We first demonstrated that TGF-β1 can induce ITGB6 mRNA and protein express in a time and concentration dependent manner, and the induced-ITGB6 mRNA was not due to increase the mRNA stability, but regulated at transcriptional level. By using a luciferase reporter assay, site-mutation, RNA interference, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we revealed for the first time that JunB, a member of the activator protein-1 (AP-1) family, is involved in the positive regulation to the ITGB6 transcription induced by TGF-β1 in OSCC cells. Furthermore, our data also demonstrated that histone acetyltransferase (HAT) CBP mediated histone H3 and H4 hyperacetylation, and RNA Polymerase II recruitment to ITGB6 promoter, facilitated the binding of transcription factor JunB to ITGB6 promoter after TGF-β1 stimulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that JunB and CBP-mediated histone hyperacetylation are responsible for TGF-β1 induced ITGB6 transcription in OSCC cells, suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms are responsible for the active transcription expression of ITGB6 induced by TGF-β1 in OSCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Xu
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Xiamen Stomatological Research Institute, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Liqin Yin
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yihuang Cai
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Xiamen Stomatological Research Institute, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China.,Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qingwei Hu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Ji
- Department of Stomatology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yanping Hu
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Xiamen Stomatological Research Institute, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxia Huang
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomaterial, Xiamen Stomatological Research Institute, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Songlin Shi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen University Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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The clinical significance and underlying correlation of pStat-3 and integrin αvβ6 expression in gallbladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19467-19477. [PMID: 28061445 PMCID: PMC5386698 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(pStat-3) and integrin αvβ6 can play vital role in the development and progression of cancer. However, little is known about their expression correlation and clinical significance in gallbladder cancer(GBC). OBJECTIVE The aim of our present study was to investigate the expression of pStat-3 and integrin αvβ6, two proteins' correlation and their clinical significance in GBC tissues. RESULTS The expression of pStat-3 and integrin αvβ6 were both significantly associated with T stage, lymph node metastasis status, TNM stage (P=0.008, P=0.000, P=0.000 and P=0.036, P=0.001,P=0.000,respectively). IHC and Western blot showed their expressions in GBC tissues were higher than that in paraneoplastic tissues. Moderate positive correlation existed between the two proteins (r =0.349, P <0.001). The survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression model showed that GBC patients with pStat-3 or integrin αvβ6 positive expression had a significantly poorer 2-year survival rate (P = 0.002 and 0.000, the log-rank test, respectively), and either marker could act as unfavorable independent prognostic factors(RR=1.907, P=0.021 and RR=2.046, P=0.038). MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of pStat-3 and integrin αvβ6 were analyzed in GBC cancerous and paraneoplastic tissues of 97 cases via immunohistochemistry(IHC) and further validated by western blot method. Besides, SPSS software was used to observe their clinical significance as well as the two proteins' correlation. CONCLUSION pStat-3 and integrin αvβ6 were indicators of tumor's progression and poor prognosis of patients with GBC. And the further study involving them may provide a helpful therapeutic target in prevention and treatment of GBC patients.
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Bi J, Koivisto L, Pang A, Li M, Jiang G, Aurora S, Wang Z, Owen GR, Dai J, Shen Y, Grenier D, Haapasalo M, Häkkinen L, Larjava H. Suppression of αvβ6 Integrin Expression by Polymicrobial Oral Biofilms in Gingival Epithelial Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4411. [PMID: 28667248 PMCID: PMC5493688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal diseases manifest by the formation of deep pockets between the gingiva and teeth where multispecies bacterial biofilms flourish, causing inflammation and bone loss. Epithelial cell receptor αvβ6 integrin that regulates inflammation by activating the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor-β1, is highly expressed in healthy junctional epithelium that connects the gingiva to the tooth enamel. However, its expression is attenuated in human periodontal disease. Moreover, Itgb6−/− mice display increased periodontal inflammation compared to wild-type mice. We hypothesized that bacterial biofilms present in the periodontal pockets suppress αvβ6 integrin levels in periodontal disease and that this change aggravates inflammation. To this end, we generated three-week-old multi-species oral biofilms in vitro and treated cultured gingival epithelial cells (GECs) with their extracts. The biofilm extracts caused suppression of β6 integrin expression and upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and -6. Furthermore, GECs with β6 integrin siRNA knockdown showed increased interleukin-1β expression, indicating that αvβ6 integrin-deficiency is associated with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness. FSL-1, a synthetic bacterial lipopeptide, also suppressed β6 integrin expression in GECs. Therefore, biofilm components, including lipopeptides, may downregulate αvβ6 integrin expression in the pocket epithelium and thus promote epithelial cell-driven pro-inflammatory response in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Bi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leeni Koivisto
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Aihui Pang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Center of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guoqiao Jiang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Saljae Aurora
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhejun Wang
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Gethin R Owen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jiayin Dai
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ya Shen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hannu Larjava
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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